KURUKULASURIYA MENDELSOHN 2006 Crop Selection Adapting to Climate Change in Afrika
... from the Africa Rainfall and Temperature Evaluation System (ARTES) (World Bank 2003). This dataset, created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Prediction Center, is based on ground station measurements of precipitation. The mean annual temperature and precipitation for eac ...
... from the Africa Rainfall and Temperature Evaluation System (ARTES) (World Bank 2003). This dataset, created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s Climate Prediction Center, is based on ground station measurements of precipitation. The mean annual temperature and precipitation for eac ...
Impact of Antarctic regional warming: Sea level rise from
... of basal melting and ice loss after 2200 cannot be ruled out. Because of the significant uncertainty associated with the timing and length of the warm water intrusion, sensitivity experiments with melt rates from the decades 2040–2050, 2100–2110, 2140–2150 and 2190–2200 (Fig. 2, grey bars) are condu ...
... of basal melting and ice loss after 2200 cannot be ruled out. Because of the significant uncertainty associated with the timing and length of the warm water intrusion, sensitivity experiments with melt rates from the decades 2040–2050, 2100–2110, 2140–2150 and 2190–2200 (Fig. 2, grey bars) are condu ...
3.47 MB - Asian Development Bank
... serious problem for national economy and environment. The need of water will increase at the same time when the river discharges will diminish. This situation may generate water management disputes and conflicts between people living in the mountains and plains. Therefore, the decision-makers of the ...
... serious problem for national economy and environment. The need of water will increase at the same time when the river discharges will diminish. This situation may generate water management disputes and conflicts between people living in the mountains and plains. Therefore, the decision-makers of the ...
An assessment of the likely consequences of global warming on the
... observation theory and advanced time series analyses. Only when these natural characteristics have been quantified, will it be possible to detect abnormal changes that can be attributed to unnatural global-warming, specifically due to anthropogenic actions. This should not be too difficult if these ...
... observation theory and advanced time series analyses. Only when these natural characteristics have been quantified, will it be possible to detect abnormal changes that can be attributed to unnatural global-warming, specifically due to anthropogenic actions. This should not be too difficult if these ...
Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
... energy balance [1,2], is the human-made increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. Earth’s response to climate forcings is slowed by the inertia of the global ocean and the great ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, which require centuries, m ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance and Implications
... Humanity is potentially vulnerable to global temperature change, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaoti ...
... Humanity is potentially vulnerable to global temperature change, as discussed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001, 2007) reports and by innumerable authors. Although climate change is driven by many climate forcing agents and the climate system also exhibits unforced (chaoti ...
This Paper - North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
... C in July (Figs. 3, 4). Based upon a longer time series from 2002–2014, the cool microclimate, presumably from coastal upwelling and headland circulation patterns, typically disap101 ...
... C in July (Figs. 3, 4). Based upon a longer time series from 2002–2014, the cool microclimate, presumably from coastal upwelling and headland circulation patterns, typically disap101 ...
- CReaTE - Canterbury Christ Church University
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been rising since pre-industrial times, and by an average of 1.6% per year for the last 30 years (Rogner et al., 2007). Without policy interventions, they are expected to continue to rise in the future, with the likely effect of increased average glo ...
... Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been rising since pre-industrial times, and by an average of 1.6% per year for the last 30 years (Rogner et al., 2007). Without policy interventions, they are expected to continue to rise in the future, with the likely effect of increased average glo ...
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE FRESHWATERS OF
... freshwater systems are dominated by a low energy environment and cold region processes. Central northern areas are almost totally in¯uenced by arctic air masses while Paci®c air becomes more prominent in the west, Atlantic air in the east and southern air masses at the lower latitudes. Air mass chan ...
... freshwater systems are dominated by a low energy environment and cold region processes. Central northern areas are almost totally in¯uenced by arctic air masses while Paci®c air becomes more prominent in the west, Atlantic air in the east and southern air masses at the lower latitudes. Air mass chan ...
14 Historic and Likely Future Impacts of Climate Change on Lake
... Note the saw-tooth pattern, which is typical of warming temperate-region lakes (Livingstone 1997). During periods without deep mixing, heat is gradually transported downward by eddy diffusion. Then when the lake mixes to the bottom and becomes isothermal (typically during the late winter), the tempe ...
... Note the saw-tooth pattern, which is typical of warming temperate-region lakes (Livingstone 1997). During periods without deep mixing, heat is gradually transported downward by eddy diffusion. Then when the lake mixes to the bottom and becomes isothermal (typically during the late winter), the tempe ...
Kyoto and Beyond - European Business Council for Sustainable
... This question too, can be further broken down into two key questions: 1. Is climate change happening? If so; 2. To what extent can any changes be attributed to human activities as opposed to natural processes? The debate in both these areas has evolved considerably over the last 10 years and is disc ...
... This question too, can be further broken down into two key questions: 1. Is climate change happening? If so; 2. To what extent can any changes be attributed to human activities as opposed to natural processes? The debate in both these areas has evolved considerably over the last 10 years and is disc ...
Financing adaptation
... costs of activities that provide benefits to the global environment. All other costs that confer benefits locally/nationally are considered to be baseline and must be covered from other sources. The concept of incremental costs is challenging and the costs are often difficult to estimate with the fu ...
... costs of activities that provide benefits to the global environment. All other costs that confer benefits locally/nationally are considered to be baseline and must be covered from other sources. The concept of incremental costs is challenging and the costs are often difficult to estimate with the fu ...
PDF
... Research (CSIR). The climatic variables included were the monthly average temperature and rainfall for each district over the period 1976/77 to 1997/98. As the net revenue per hectare is expected to be influenced by factors other than climatic variables, control variables like soil type and altitude ...
... Research (CSIR). The climatic variables included were the monthly average temperature and rainfall for each district over the period 1976/77 to 1997/98. As the net revenue per hectare is expected to be influenced by factors other than climatic variables, control variables like soil type and altitude ...
Global Trends and Challenges: Strategic Implications for NGOs
... development with their Southern partners. The impact of such policies is felt more acutely felt in regions and countries where few local NGDOs have endowments or reserves to cushion operating budgets during periods of uncertainty (Buckley & Ward, 2015). The study also suggests that the demands on lo ...
... development with their Southern partners. The impact of such policies is felt more acutely felt in regions and countries where few local NGDOs have endowments or reserves to cushion operating budgets during periods of uncertainty (Buckley & Ward, 2015). The study also suggests that the demands on lo ...
Marine Net Primary Production
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
Early effects of climate change: do they include changes in vector
... Hydrology, glacial retreat, and sea-ice data represent decadal-to-century trends. Terrestrial and marine ecosystems data represent trends of at least two decades. Remote-sensing studies cover large areas. Data are for single and multiple impacts that are consistent with known physical and biophysica ...
... Hydrology, glacial retreat, and sea-ice data represent decadal-to-century trends. Terrestrial and marine ecosystems data represent trends of at least two decades. Remote-sensing studies cover large areas. Data are for single and multiple impacts that are consistent with known physical and biophysica ...
Climate change
... temperature at an average 14°C for the past 10,000 years, which is very habitable for the plants, animals and human activities we know today. This is called the “natural ...
... temperature at an average 14°C for the past 10,000 years, which is very habitable for the plants, animals and human activities we know today. This is called the “natural ...
ESA - WCRP
... • Execution of actions involves both Agency resources and CEOS groups such as WGCV and the CEOS Virtual Constellations. ...
... • Execution of actions involves both Agency resources and CEOS groups such as WGCV and the CEOS Virtual Constellations. ...
insects at not so low temperature
... before the actual onset of winter (Taylor 1980), very often when the weather is warm and resources are still abundant. Hence, the adaptive significance of photoperiodism lies not only in the high reliability of day length as a cue but also in the anticipatory nature of using day length to switch off ...
... before the actual onset of winter (Taylor 1980), very often when the weather is warm and resources are still abundant. Hence, the adaptive significance of photoperiodism lies not only in the high reliability of day length as a cue but also in the anticipatory nature of using day length to switch off ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Production
... the last 35 years. The last two decades are among the warmest since temperature recording started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breedin ...
... the last 35 years. The last two decades are among the warmest since temperature recording started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breedin ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.