The polar amplification asymmetry: role of Antarctic surface height
... warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., Manabe and Wetherald, 1975; Manabe and Stouffer, 1980; Serreze and Francis, 2006). However, several studies have found that ...
... warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., Manabe and Wetherald, 1975; Manabe and Stouffer, 1980; Serreze and Francis, 2006). However, several studies have found that ...
Catastrophe modelling and climate change
... (Appendix 1) and the limitations of climate models (Appendix 2). ...
... (Appendix 1) and the limitations of climate models (Appendix 2). ...
Climate change in Australia | East Coast cluster report
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
Climate change in Australia | Southern and South
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
... periods: the near future 2020–2039 (herein referred to as 2030) and late in the century 2080–2099 (herein referred to as 2090). The spread of model results are presented as the range between the 10th and 90th percentile in the CMIP5 ensemble output. For each time period, the model spread can be attr ...
Peak and Decline Emissions Paths and the Global Warming Target
... rise in 2020 emissions increases the required rate of reduction by 0.15 percentage points. This sensitivity falls as the budget constraint rises, being only 0.08 percentage points for the 550 GtC constraint and 0.03 points for the 650 GtC constraint. Secondly, for the 450 GtC constraint, the impact ...
... rise in 2020 emissions increases the required rate of reduction by 0.15 percentage points. This sensitivity falls as the budget constraint rises, being only 0.08 percentage points for the 550 GtC constraint and 0.03 points for the 650 GtC constraint. Secondly, for the 450 GtC constraint, the impact ...
Technical Summary - Climate Change 2013
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current and project future climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Repor ...
The added complications of climate change
... by the interactions between LULCC and clin or adaptatio mate change. Jetz et al. (2007) projected subClimatic changes stantial range shifts for ~4.5–10% and ~10–20% of 8750 land bird species by 2050 Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of the combined effects of and interactions and 2100, respectively; clim ...
... by the interactions between LULCC and clin or adaptatio mate change. Jetz et al. (2007) projected subClimatic changes stantial range shifts for ~4.5–10% and ~10–20% of 8750 land bird species by 2050 Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of the combined effects of and interactions and 2100, respectively; clim ...
Living well - apartments, comfort and resilience in climate change
... Foundation Green Cities Innovation Fund to document an international review on high-rise apartment building thermal performance and comfort in heat wave conditions. This identified four international standards that represent best practice in protecting the health of apartment residents in heatwave c ...
... Foundation Green Cities Innovation Fund to document an international review on high-rise apartment building thermal performance and comfort in heat wave conditions. This identified four international standards that represent best practice in protecting the health of apartment residents in heatwave c ...
Hegemony – Dartmouth 2012
... activities. The human-caused increases in these gases are the primary forcing that accounts for much of the global warming of the past fifty years, with carbon dioxide being the most important single radiative forcing agent (1). Recent studies have shown that the human-caused warming linked to carbo ...
... activities. The human-caused increases in these gases are the primary forcing that accounts for much of the global warming of the past fifty years, with carbon dioxide being the most important single radiative forcing agent (1). Recent studies have shown that the human-caused warming linked to carbo ...
Summary - Environmental limits and Swiss footprints based on
... Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses (with two indicators), Land Cover Anthropisation, and Biodiversity Loss. The limits are not calculated for: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (since it is currently phased-out), Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Chemical Pollution (rationales are lacking for setting a potent ...
... Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses (with two indicators), Land Cover Anthropisation, and Biodiversity Loss. The limits are not calculated for: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (since it is currently phased-out), Atmospheric Aerosol Loading and Chemical Pollution (rationales are lacking for setting a potent ...
Format PDF press here
... The Mediterranean Sea is a concentration basin with an evaporation rate much larger than the rainfall rate and river runoff (Mariotti et al., 2002; Struglia et al., 2004), leading to increase in salt content. It is also a source of heat to the atmosphere with annual decreases of temperature for wate ...
... The Mediterranean Sea is a concentration basin with an evaporation rate much larger than the rainfall rate and river runoff (Mariotti et al., 2002; Struglia et al., 2004), leading to increase in salt content. It is also a source of heat to the atmosphere with annual decreases of temperature for wate ...
LWC4.3 - Pittwater Council
... Human activities (in particular the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture) have produced substantial quantities of greenhouse gases which have significantly enhanced the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect and increased global warming to such an extent that it has altered (and wil ...
... Human activities (in particular the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture) have produced substantial quantities of greenhouse gases which have significantly enhanced the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect and increased global warming to such an extent that it has altered (and wil ...
Sposito et al. 2012. Austr Decision
... sources include fossil fuel combustion from industry and transport, agricultural activities and land-use changes. The consensus in the scientific literature is that the rapid global warming identified in the last few decades is because of human-induced climate change in conjunction with some natural ...
... sources include fossil fuel combustion from industry and transport, agricultural activities and land-use changes. The consensus in the scientific literature is that the rapid global warming identified in the last few decades is because of human-induced climate change in conjunction with some natural ...
The impact of climate change on growth of local white spruce
... of the residuals were verified (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995). Two types of climate transfer models were constructed in this study. The first ones, called temperature-transfer models, are based on temperature variables only. This type of model is used extensively in climate change studies. Assuming that tr ...
... of the residuals were verified (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995). Two types of climate transfer models were constructed in this study. The first ones, called temperature-transfer models, are based on temperature variables only. This type of model is used extensively in climate change studies. Assuming that tr ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
... Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming refers to an increase in average global temperatures, which in turn causes climate change, such as changes in seasonal temperatures and wind velocity, and the amount of precipitation and humidity for a given area or region.1 Climate change can involve ...
... Global Warming and Climate Change Global warming refers to an increase in average global temperatures, which in turn causes climate change, such as changes in seasonal temperatures and wind velocity, and the amount of precipitation and humidity for a given area or region.1 Climate change can involve ...
Temperature changes in Poland in 21st century
... the seasonal interrelation the air temperature measured at the polish stations with estimated air temperature by NCEP reanalysis in the period 1971-2000 (Fig.2). The first step of modeling is identification of the main variation patterns of predictand and predictor fields i.e. EOFs (Empirical Orthog ...
... the seasonal interrelation the air temperature measured at the polish stations with estimated air temperature by NCEP reanalysis in the period 1971-2000 (Fig.2). The first step of modeling is identification of the main variation patterns of predictand and predictor fields i.e. EOFs (Empirical Orthog ...
Climate Change and Cherry Tree Blossom Festivals in
... exist, with the greatest certainty Upper figure. Known dates of the cherry blossom festival (full flowering available for the middle and later of P. jamasakura) in Kyoto from the 11th century to the present time. periods of this one thousand year April 1 is the 91st day of the year (in years without a ...
... exist, with the greatest certainty Upper figure. Known dates of the cherry blossom festival (full flowering available for the middle and later of P. jamasakura) in Kyoto from the 11th century to the present time. periods of this one thousand year April 1 is the 91st day of the year (in years without a ...
Sea Level Change in Western Australia
... adjustment (refer to Section 2.3). The error range in these estimates increases for earlier recordings due to the uncertainty of datum adjustments, vertical land movement and the paucity of tide gauges. Estimates of recent global sea level change have been significantly improved following the introd ...
... adjustment (refer to Section 2.3). The error range in these estimates increases for earlier recordings due to the uncertainty of datum adjustments, vertical land movement and the paucity of tide gauges. Estimates of recent global sea level change have been significantly improved following the introd ...
Here - Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
... temperature, which show an increase of 0.7 ◦ C over the past seven decades (1939–2006, Vuille et al., 2008). Of the last 20 years only two (1996 and 1999) were below the long term (1961–1990) average. Analyses of changes in freezing level height (FLH) over the American Cordillera and the Andes, base ...
... temperature, which show an increase of 0.7 ◦ C over the past seven decades (1939–2006, Vuille et al., 2008). Of the last 20 years only two (1996 and 1999) were below the long term (1961–1990) average. Analyses of changes in freezing level height (FLH) over the American Cordillera and the Andes, base ...
Sea Level Change in Western Australia
... adjustment (refer to Section 2.3). The error range in these estimates increases for earlier recordings due to the uncertainty of datum adjustments, vertical land movement and the paucity of tide gauges. Estimates of recent global sea level change have been significantly improved following the introd ...
... adjustment (refer to Section 2.3). The error range in these estimates increases for earlier recordings due to the uncertainty of datum adjustments, vertical land movement and the paucity of tide gauges. Estimates of recent global sea level change have been significantly improved following the introd ...
IOC and COP21 - UNESDOC
... system, its importance can no longer be underestimated. Ocean circulation – also known as the Ocean Conveyor Belt – connects all ocean basins (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern). This global ocean has absorbed more than 25% of the CO2 and 93% of excess heat generated by humans since ...
... system, its importance can no longer be underestimated. Ocean circulation – also known as the Ocean Conveyor Belt – connects all ocean basins (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern). This global ocean has absorbed more than 25% of the CO2 and 93% of excess heat generated by humans since ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.