Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... plants (Fig. S12)17. A simple theoretical model17,18 was used to diagnose the response ...
... plants (Fig. S12)17. A simple theoretical model17,18 was used to diagnose the response ...
Climate change impacts on coastal fisheries and
... rise), but uncertainty remains in their magnitude. In Australia, climate change is predicted to increase the mean temperature of air and water, cause sea-levels to rise (see Figure 2 for predictions for each state/territory), increase the acidity of the oceans, alter rainfall regimes, drive changes ...
... rise), but uncertainty remains in their magnitude. In Australia, climate change is predicted to increase the mean temperature of air and water, cause sea-levels to rise (see Figure 2 for predictions for each state/territory), increase the acidity of the oceans, alter rainfall regimes, drive changes ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian
... It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is changing in response to anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Average annual global temperatures have risen 0.7 °C over the last century [16]. The rate of increase has been greatest in the latter part of the century. For example, the rate at w ...
... It is now abundantly clear that the Earth’s climate is changing in response to anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions. Average annual global temperatures have risen 0.7 °C over the last century [16]. The rate of increase has been greatest in the latter part of the century. For example, the rate at w ...
Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization
... temperature, and food, and characteristics of spawning) and day-to-day variability in stream conditions. 3. We illustrate the model using Piedmont headwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed of the USA, projecting ten scenarios: Baseline (low urbanization; no on-going construction; and present ...
... temperature, and food, and characteristics of spawning) and day-to-day variability in stream conditions. 3. We illustrate the model using Piedmont headwater streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed of the USA, projecting ten scenarios: Baseline (low urbanization; no on-going construction; and present ...
twelve things we´ve learned on the road to paris
... pieces on the site. They showcase the diversity of the content on Road to Paris, and demonstrate its unique value: providing easy reading on heavy subjects. For us as editors, it has been a journey of learning and discovery. We were privileged to work with a team of truly outstanding writers. It is ...
... pieces on the site. They showcase the diversity of the content on Road to Paris, and demonstrate its unique value: providing easy reading on heavy subjects. For us as editors, it has been a journey of learning and discovery. We were privileged to work with a team of truly outstanding writers. It is ...
Section 1 - Climate Change - finalSLO
... side of the mountain may be lush with vegetation while the other side may be much drier with sparse vegetation. This phenomenon is called a rain shadow. Climate describes weather patterns in an area over a long period of time, 30 years or more. Earth’s climate has changed over the planet’s five bill ...
... side of the mountain may be lush with vegetation while the other side may be much drier with sparse vegetation. This phenomenon is called a rain shadow. Climate describes weather patterns in an area over a long period of time, 30 years or more. Earth’s climate has changed over the planet’s five bill ...
M01P02SusCO2Emiss
... Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/co2/siple2.013 and http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.html ...
... Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/co2/siple2.013 and http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.html ...
The impact of Atmospheric and Oceanic Resolution on
... OGCM receives output of single, randomly-selected AGCM each day ...
... OGCM receives output of single, randomly-selected AGCM each day ...
Modeling the Impact of Temperature on Peak Electricity Demand in
... where peak load approaches infinity at high temperatures (CAISO, 2007) (Fig. 2). The a priori expectation of this study is that when all systems requiring electricity are in use (i.e. at high temperatures, most people are using air conditioning), if temperatures were to increase, the increased elect ...
... where peak load approaches infinity at high temperatures (CAISO, 2007) (Fig. 2). The a priori expectation of this study is that when all systems requiring electricity are in use (i.e. at high temperatures, most people are using air conditioning), if temperatures were to increase, the increased elect ...
Ocean Stress Guide - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, even if atmospheric CO2 could be stabilized at the current level. A key strategy is to ensure maximum potential for resilience in t ...
... Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, even if atmospheric CO2 could be stabilized at the current level. A key strategy is to ensure maximum potential for resilience in t ...
Ocean under stress - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, even if atmospheric CO2 could be stabilized at the current level. A key strategy is to ensure maximum potential for resilience in t ...
... Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, even if atmospheric CO2 could be stabilized at the current level. A key strategy is to ensure maximum potential for resilience in t ...
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic
... injected CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) GHGs relative to preindustrial-revolution levels is essentially unavoidable within about the next 40 years and will plausibly remain well above two times preindustrial levels for at least 100 or more years thereafter. In this paper I am mostly concerned with the rough ...
... injected CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) GHGs relative to preindustrial-revolution levels is essentially unavoidable within about the next 40 years and will plausibly remain well above two times preindustrial levels for at least 100 or more years thereafter. In this paper I am mostly concerned with the rough ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2 ), LCC affects the climate system on multi-decadal time scales and longer. In a recent globalscale modelling study, Avila et al . (2012) demonstrated that impacts of LCC on indices of temperature extreme were equal to the impacts of doubling of CO2 . In some regions, impacts were ...
Global Increase in Climate-Related Disasters
... Scientists consider 450 parts per million (ppm) to be the threshold above which it will be difficult, if not impossible, to limit a temperature increase to 2°C relative to 1850–1900 levels. However, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have already surpassed 400 ppm for 3 successive months in 2014. The fi ...
... Scientists consider 450 parts per million (ppm) to be the threshold above which it will be difficult, if not impossible, to limit a temperature increase to 2°C relative to 1850–1900 levels. However, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have already surpassed 400 ppm for 3 successive months in 2014. The fi ...
Executive Report
... economic and financial methods (comparing the costs of doing nothing vs doing something, analysing knock-on effects and interdependencies in cases of railway disruption, complementing traditional cost benefit analysis with other methods, and designing new metrics based on the concept of Journey ...
... economic and financial methods (comparing the costs of doing nothing vs doing something, analysing knock-on effects and interdependencies in cases of railway disruption, complementing traditional cost benefit analysis with other methods, and designing new metrics based on the concept of Journey ...
The polar amplification asymmetry: role of Antarctic surface height
... warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., Manabe and Wetherald, 1975; Manabe and Stouffer, 1980; Serreze and Francis, 2006). However, several studies have found that ...
... warming under this scenario was 1.6 ± 0.4 K. The focus in explaining Arctic amplification has long been on the surface albedo (ALB) feedback and lack of vertical mixing (e.g., Manabe and Wetherald, 1975; Manabe and Stouffer, 1980; Serreze and Francis, 2006). However, several studies have found that ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.