chapter eight climate change, northern subsistence and land based
... events and unusual fluctuations create safety hazards as well as adaptation problems, and little is known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler perio ...
... events and unusual fluctuations create safety hazards as well as adaptation problems, and little is known about their cultural, social and economic limits to adaptability. A case in point is the disappearance of Norse colonies in Greenland. Detailed archaeological work has revealed that cooler perio ...
Climate Change and Cities in Africa
... decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.”7 A principal cause of climate change is the release of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere, partially trapping lon ...
... decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.”7 A principal cause of climate change is the release of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere, partially trapping lon ...
Petition - Center for Biological Diversity
... several times over.18 Consequently, the vast majority of fossil fuels must remain in the ground. The physical question of what amount of fossil fuels can be extracted and burned without negating a realistic chance of meeting a 1.5°C or even 2ºC target is relatively easy to answer. The question of w ...
... several times over.18 Consequently, the vast majority of fossil fuels must remain in the ground. The physical question of what amount of fossil fuels can be extracted and burned without negating a realistic chance of meeting a 1.5°C or even 2ºC target is relatively easy to answer. The question of w ...
Preliminary Analysis of Climate Change in the Cariboo
... many internet links to relevant information are provided throughout the report. Brief concluding sections address potential climate change impacts and recommended next steps. This report will contribute to discussions that have already started on how to adapt planning and management for the resource ...
... many internet links to relevant information are provided throughout the report. Brief concluding sections address potential climate change impacts and recommended next steps. This report will contribute to discussions that have already started on how to adapt planning and management for the resource ...
Climate Change in the US Northeast
... A longer growing season 9 Earlier leaf and bloom dates for plants 10,11 Shifts in the mating cycles of frogs to earlier in the year 12 Earlier migration of Atlantic salmon in northeastern rivers 13,14 An increase in heavy rainfall events10,15 Earlier breakup of winter ice on lakes and rivers 16,57 E ...
... A longer growing season 9 Earlier leaf and bloom dates for plants 10,11 Shifts in the mating cycles of frogs to earlier in the year 12 Earlier migration of Atlantic salmon in northeastern rivers 13,14 An increase in heavy rainfall events10,15 Earlier breakup of winter ice on lakes and rivers 16,57 E ...
Print Version
... of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Coordinated sets of decadal prediction hindcasts, such as those from ENSEMBLE-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts (ENSEMBLES; http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com), are beginning to become available (van der Linden and Mitchell 2009) an ...
... of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Coordinated sets of decadal prediction hindcasts, such as those from ENSEMBLE-based predictions of climate changes and their impacts (ENSEMBLES; http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com), are beginning to become available (van der Linden and Mitchell 2009) an ...
Climate System Observations and Prediction Experiment (COPE)
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Marine Resources
... bottom temperature levels. For the low emission scenario in particular, substantial differences are noted among models and over the time course of the simulations. Under the low emission scenario, the average bottom temperature anomalies did not exceed 1.5oC in either season by the year 2085. For th ...
... bottom temperature levels. For the low emission scenario in particular, substantial differences are noted among models and over the time course of the simulations. Under the low emission scenario, the average bottom temperature anomalies did not exceed 1.5oC in either season by the year 2085. For th ...
CCWG Report - Mennonite Church Canada
... The above recommendation comes from a process described in detail in Appendix A. Although representing a number of different positions and wide expertise within the Mennonite church, the eight members of the CCWG agreed on a number of common points upon which to base discernment. We all agreed that ...
... The above recommendation comes from a process described in detail in Appendix A. Although representing a number of different positions and wide expertise within the Mennonite church, the eight members of the CCWG agreed on a number of common points upon which to base discernment. We all agreed that ...
Trends in river floods: why is there no clear signal in observations?
... decade seeing major fluvial flood events in, for example, Asia, Europe and North America. This has focused attention on whether or not these are a result of a changing climate. River flows calculated from outputs from global climate models often suggest that high river flows will increase in a warme ...
... decade seeing major fluvial flood events in, for example, Asia, Europe and North America. This has focused attention on whether or not these are a result of a changing climate. River flows calculated from outputs from global climate models often suggest that high river flows will increase in a warme ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... infestations despite the insect having been present in Massachusetts for 17 years. At the northern range of adelgid in New England, cold winters are thought to explain the observed slow rate of spread of HWA and the long survival of infested hemlocks. Many field and laboratory studies have documente ...
... infestations despite the insect having been present in Massachusetts for 17 years. At the northern range of adelgid in New England, cold winters are thought to explain the observed slow rate of spread of HWA and the long survival of infested hemlocks. Many field and laboratory studies have documente ...
Trends in the land and ocean carbon uptake
... CO2 dissolves in surface waters and is transported from the surface to the deep ocean by ocean currents. The rate at which carbon is transported to the deep ocean is the main factor limiting the uptake of CO2 by the ocean. The chemical capacity of the ocean and the response of the ocean to surface w ...
... CO2 dissolves in surface waters and is transported from the surface to the deep ocean by ocean currents. The rate at which carbon is transported to the deep ocean is the main factor limiting the uptake of CO2 by the ocean. The chemical capacity of the ocean and the response of the ocean to surface w ...
relevant, immediate, local: guide to communicating climate change
... ›› You may believe in god, or even the Essendon Bombers. But you don’t ‘believe in gravity’. It’s not an article of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate ch ...
... ›› You may believe in god, or even the Essendon Bombers. But you don’t ‘believe in gravity’. It’s not an article of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate ch ...
1 - weADAPT
... For temperature changes, these are positive for both maximum and minimum temperatures and range from 1.7oC to 3.0oC across all the months and scenarios for average monthly maximum temperature. For maximum temperatures increases are higher in the months of June to September. Changes in average minimu ...
... For temperature changes, these are positive for both maximum and minimum temperatures and range from 1.7oC to 3.0oC across all the months and scenarios for average monthly maximum temperature. For maximum temperatures increases are higher in the months of June to September. Changes in average minimu ...
Hot Damned America: Evangelicalism and the Climate Change
... force to be reckoned with, making up roughly 30 percent of the American population.2 Second, and perhaps more important, the response to climate change within the evangelical community has been quite discordant, thereby offering valuable insight into the complex and oft-misunderstood group labeled “ ...
... force to be reckoned with, making up roughly 30 percent of the American population.2 Second, and perhaps more important, the response to climate change within the evangelical community has been quite discordant, thereby offering valuable insight into the complex and oft-misunderstood group labeled “ ...
North Atlantic storminess and Atlantic Meridional Overturning
... positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomaly through tropospheric dynamics (Pozo-Vazquez et al., 2001). Seager et al. (2007) describe the La Niña–strong AMOC connection in the following way: Southern Hemisphere westerlies are shifted southward during La Niña phases (L'Heureux and Thompson, 2006 ...
... positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomaly through tropospheric dynamics (Pozo-Vazquez et al., 2001). Seager et al. (2007) describe the La Niña–strong AMOC connection in the following way: Southern Hemisphere westerlies are shifted southward during La Niña phases (L'Heureux and Thompson, 2006 ...
Can International Law Improve the Climate
... Global warming and consequent man-made climate change have been linked to the acceleration of the greenhouse effect-the result of approximately two centuries of industrialization. In non-scientific layman's terms, there is a natural greenhouse effect: short-wave solar radiation passes through a clea ...
... Global warming and consequent man-made climate change have been linked to the acceleration of the greenhouse effect-the result of approximately two centuries of industrialization. In non-scientific layman's terms, there is a natural greenhouse effect: short-wave solar radiation passes through a clea ...
ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT BY STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR
... The albedo modification scheme presented here has been discussed before, however, without linking opposite climate warming and improved air quality considerations. Instead of sulfur, it has also been proposed to launch reflecting small balloons or mirrors, or to add highly reflective nano-particles ...
... The albedo modification scheme presented here has been discussed before, however, without linking opposite climate warming and improved air quality considerations. Instead of sulfur, it has also been proposed to launch reflecting small balloons or mirrors, or to add highly reflective nano-particles ...
Climate Change: what do we know about the IPCC?
... The second area where critical analysis of the expertise mobilised in the IPCC assessments has been made is with respect to the participation of developing country experts. Despite increasing attention paid by the IPCC governing bureau to these concerns since they were first expressed in the early 1 ...
... The second area where critical analysis of the expertise mobilised in the IPCC assessments has been made is with respect to the participation of developing country experts. Despite increasing attention paid by the IPCC governing bureau to these concerns since they were first expressed in the early 1 ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... Never before in history has humankind achieved today’s level of scientific understanding and development. Our civilisation has managed to reach outer space, communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved im ...
... Never before in history has humankind achieved today’s level of scientific understanding and development. Our civilisation has managed to reach outer space, communicate across the world in fractions of a second, eradicate many diseases, and extend peoples’ life expectancies. We have also achieved im ...
STRATEGIES FOR A HOLISTIC RESPONSE TO OZONE
... regarded as possible alternatives to ODSs12. However, any solution to ozone depletion should also take the diminishment of such compounds into account. The second framework in which a scientific linkage may be established between the atmosphere and the climate system concerns the cooling indirectly ...
... regarded as possible alternatives to ODSs12. However, any solution to ozone depletion should also take the diminishment of such compounds into account. The second framework in which a scientific linkage may be established between the atmosphere and the climate system concerns the cooling indirectly ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.