Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in water hazard assessments using regional
... Value Of Statistical Downscaling As The “Benchmark Of Skill” Statistical downscaling from the parent global model should be used as the benchmark (control) with which dynamic downscaling would have to improve on. An excellent example of this type of testing is given in the paper Landsea, C.W., Knaf ...
... Value Of Statistical Downscaling As The “Benchmark Of Skill” Statistical downscaling from the parent global model should be used as the benchmark (control) with which dynamic downscaling would have to improve on. An excellent example of this type of testing is given in the paper Landsea, C.W., Knaf ...
Intermodel variability of the poleward shift of the austral jet stream in
... reflect uncertainty in the model time scales and differences in the forcing, ozone in particular. The seasonal breakdown of the relationship linking t to F20C and DF shown in Table 1 suggests that both factors play a role. The correlation between time scale and jet position on a seasonal basis is ro ...
... reflect uncertainty in the model time scales and differences in the forcing, ozone in particular. The seasonal breakdown of the relationship linking t to F20C and DF shown in Table 1 suggests that both factors play a role. The correlation between time scale and jet position on a seasonal basis is ro ...
Quantifying the impacts of land surface schemes and dynamic
... budgets over land surface are important steps toward improving our confidence in climate change projections. In this study, the contribution of land surface models to the inter-GCM variation of projected future changes in land surface energy and water fluxes are assessed based on output from 19 global ...
... budgets over land surface are important steps toward improving our confidence in climate change projections. In this study, the contribution of land surface models to the inter-GCM variation of projected future changes in land surface energy and water fluxes are assessed based on output from 19 global ...
Understanding Climate Induced Changes in Arctic Ice
... region would be correlated to the changing sea ice extent since that is one of the areas close to the most substantial losses in September sea ice. As shown in the graph below, the ice extent decreased by approximately 2 million km2 over the period for which we have data (1994-2008). The rate of los ...
... region would be correlated to the changing sea ice extent since that is one of the areas close to the most substantial losses in September sea ice. As shown in the graph below, the ice extent decreased by approximately 2 million km2 over the period for which we have data (1994-2008). The rate of los ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... and stronger tornadoes on the Fujita scale shows no trend since 1954, the first year of near-real-time data collection, with all of the increase in tornado reports resulting from an increase in the weakest tornadoes, F0 (Fig. 1). Stronger events may be more reliably reported than weaker events, but ...
... and stronger tornadoes on the Fujita scale shows no trend since 1954, the first year of near-real-time data collection, with all of the increase in tornado reports resulting from an increase in the weakest tornadoes, F0 (Fig. 1). Stronger events may be more reliably reported than weaker events, but ...
AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
... Taylor et al. 2012). However, decomposing the energy fluxes into contributions from individual ...
... Taylor et al. 2012). However, decomposing the energy fluxes into contributions from individual ...
Forests synchronize their growth in contrasting Eurasian regions in
... (SI Appendix, Tables S2 and S3), indicating that the increasing synchrony in tree growth is a widespread ecological phenomenon, although regionally dependent. Synchrony estimates could be sensitive to the number of available chronologies, a number that has decreased progressively in the most recent ...
... (SI Appendix, Tables S2 and S3), indicating that the increasing synchrony in tree growth is a widespread ecological phenomenon, although regionally dependent. Synchrony estimates could be sensitive to the number of available chronologies, a number that has decreased progressively in the most recent ...
ENSO Effects on Land Skin Temperature Variations: A Global Study
... deforestation, and vegetation change. For example, temperature response in a large city caused by an El Niño event could be different from the change over a rural area [30]. When using a fine-mesh land model, Hahmann and Dickinson [31] found that tropical precipitation and mid-latitude surface tempe ...
... deforestation, and vegetation change. For example, temperature response in a large city caused by an El Niño event could be different from the change over a rural area [30]. When using a fine-mesh land model, Hahmann and Dickinson [31] found that tropical precipitation and mid-latitude surface tempe ...
`Future` climate and impacts - Climatic Research Unit
... Energy mainly peaks in winter; however, a second significant peak is also apparent in summer. In the city of Athens, ozone enhances with temperature although there are still high ozone concentrations at lower temperatures. This information sheet focuses on climate scenarios for the present and futur ...
... Energy mainly peaks in winter; however, a second significant peak is also apparent in summer. In the city of Athens, ozone enhances with temperature although there are still high ozone concentrations at lower temperatures. This information sheet focuses on climate scenarios for the present and futur ...
Global Climate Change and Biodiversity
... Models of the global impact of climate change on biodiversity and adaptive responses...................6 Tree/grass dynamics in a changing world................................................................................................7 Climate change and biodiversity in tropical East Asian for ...
... Models of the global impact of climate change on biodiversity and adaptive responses...................6 Tree/grass dynamics in a changing world................................................................................................7 Climate change and biodiversity in tropical East Asian for ...
The Cultural Politics of Climate Change: Interactions in the Spaces
... climate, carbon-based business and industry interests and ENGOs grappled for their particular discursive and material ‘locations’ from which to address climate challenges. Many of the struggles to represent climate change in the 1980s and 1990s were dominated by carbon-based energy businesses and EN ...
... climate, carbon-based business and industry interests and ENGOs grappled for their particular discursive and material ‘locations’ from which to address climate challenges. Many of the struggles to represent climate change in the 1980s and 1990s were dominated by carbon-based energy businesses and EN ...
Untangling interactions: do temperature and habitat fragmentation
... global change, may therefore enter alternative abnormal stable states, and hence ‘ecological surprises’ can be expected when attempting to predict effects [14]. Climate change and land-use modification are the two dominant drivers of global environmental change [11,15], altering population dynamics ...
... global change, may therefore enter alternative abnormal stable states, and hence ‘ecological surprises’ can be expected when attempting to predict effects [14]. Climate change and land-use modification are the two dominant drivers of global environmental change [11,15], altering population dynamics ...
Global Warming or Not: The Global Climate Is Changing and the
... of the Earth's surface."22 In 1995, the IPCC issued a report concluding that the average temperature of the Earth has increased by about one degree Fahrenheit over the last century. The IPCC further estimated that the global surface air temperature would increase by another 2 to 3.5 degrees Fahrenhe ...
... of the Earth's surface."22 In 1995, the IPCC issued a report concluding that the average temperature of the Earth has increased by about one degree Fahrenheit over the last century. The IPCC further estimated that the global surface air temperature would increase by another 2 to 3.5 degrees Fahrenhe ...
How limiting factors drive agricultural adaptation to
... M.T. Niles et al. / Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 200 (2015) 178–185 ...
... M.T. Niles et al. / Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 200 (2015) 178–185 ...
Vulnerability to climate warming and acclimation capacity of
... which are the most vulnerable organisms to climate warming and where are they? Recently, there has been debate on whether the tropics or temperate zones are more vulnerable to warming. Vulnerability toward higher temperatures will depend on the organisms’ thermal limits and also on their acclimation ...
... which are the most vulnerable organisms to climate warming and where are they? Recently, there has been debate on whether the tropics or temperate zones are more vulnerable to warming. Vulnerability toward higher temperatures will depend on the organisms’ thermal limits and also on their acclimation ...
climate change: the missing topic in zimbabwean secondary school
... discussed how people interacted with natural weather conditions creating both good and bad consequences through the increased carbon dioxide and destruction of the rain forest. Item 5.2.7 had the subheading Weather Hazards and it discussed the causes and effects of weather hazards with reference to ...
... discussed how people interacted with natural weather conditions creating both good and bad consequences through the increased carbon dioxide and destruction of the rain forest. Item 5.2.7 had the subheading Weather Hazards and it discussed the causes and effects of weather hazards with reference to ...
Establishing Accountability for Climate Change Damages: Lessons
... shares with the tobacco industry a number of key players and a remarkably similar network of public relations firms and nonprofit “front groups” that have been actively sowing disinformation about global warming for years.3 At this pivotal moment for climate change, with international agreement all ...
... shares with the tobacco industry a number of key players and a remarkably similar network of public relations firms and nonprofit “front groups” that have been actively sowing disinformation about global warming for years.3 At this pivotal moment for climate change, with international agreement all ...
Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation
... derived from a locally weighted regression (lowess filter; Cleveland et al., 1988). An advantage of a lowess filter is that it is not impacted very much by one extreme annual value that might occur in an El Niño year, and therefore depicts the underlying long-term changes quite well. 2.2 Projections ...
... derived from a locally weighted regression (lowess filter; Cleveland et al., 1988). An advantage of a lowess filter is that it is not impacted very much by one extreme annual value that might occur in an El Niño year, and therefore depicts the underlying long-term changes quite well. 2.2 Projections ...
Rapporteurs Report - Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia
... are not well disseminated, particularly to the policy makers. With respect to risk prediction and early warning, it was noted that many databases exist for local studies. However, the databases, which are critical for risk modelling, are held by sectoral agencies. Hence, there is a need to compile a ...
... are not well disseminated, particularly to the policy makers. With respect to risk prediction and early warning, it was noted that many databases exist for local studies. However, the databases, which are critical for risk modelling, are held by sectoral agencies. Hence, there is a need to compile a ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.