Cutting the Knot
... sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic im ...
... sensitive ecosystems, harms that will become extreme long before temperatures rise to a level that threatens global climate catastrophe.2 Indeed, with recent droughts, heat waves and storms consistent with the anticipated impacts of a warming climate, and particularly with new evidence of drastic im ...
Fossil Fuel Employment and Public Opinion about Climate Change
... same time, there is considerable variation in the degree to which people accept the principal findings of climate science, whether related to the presence of global warming, its attribution to human actions, or the severity of impacts. In the academic literature, this va ...
... same time, there is considerable variation in the degree to which people accept the principal findings of climate science, whether related to the presence of global warming, its attribution to human actions, or the severity of impacts. In the academic literature, this va ...
Costs and Benefits of Thermoregulation Revisited: Both the
... Heterogeneity Drives Costs of Activity cally, quantitative analyses are based on an index of thermal quality, de, which equals the absolute difference between the operative temperature of the environment and the preferred temperature of the species (Hertz et al. 1993). Typically, samples of de are ...
... Heterogeneity Drives Costs of Activity cally, quantitative analyses are based on an index of thermal quality, de, which equals the absolute difference between the operative temperature of the environment and the preferred temperature of the species (Hertz et al. 1993). Typically, samples of de are ...
Here - MtnClim 2016
... change at the earth’s surface is primarily a response to the energy balance, and therefore factors which preferentially increase the net flux of energy to the surface, along an elevation gradient would lead to enhanced warming, as a function of elevation. This points to changes in albedo (primarily ...
... change at the earth’s surface is primarily a response to the energy balance, and therefore factors which preferentially increase the net flux of energy to the surface, along an elevation gradient would lead to enhanced warming, as a function of elevation. This points to changes in albedo (primarily ...
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... are used to determine projections rather than basing projections on just one model. Comparisons with past climate models show that ensemble projections are usually more realistic than any single modelvii. Throughout the City of Windsor’s adaptation planning process, two climate change scenarios were ...
... are used to determine projections rather than basing projections on just one model. Comparisons with past climate models show that ensemble projections are usually more realistic than any single modelvii. Throughout the City of Windsor’s adaptation planning process, two climate change scenarios were ...
Impact of the Expanding Thar Desert
... impact was investigated by conducting two types of experiments, each consisting of a four-member ensemble of 7-month continuous simulations initialized on successive days of February (0000 UTC 1–4 February) and running until 0000 UTC 1 September: the control run (CTL) and the desertification scenari ...
... impact was investigated by conducting two types of experiments, each consisting of a four-member ensemble of 7-month continuous simulations initialized on successive days of February (0000 UTC 1–4 February) and running until 0000 UTC 1 September: the control run (CTL) and the desertification scenari ...
simulated hydrologic responses to climate variations and change in
... analyses depend on the particular regional changes simulated by the climate models. Thus, the specifics of results presented here are climate-model dependent. However, there is a long-standing, fair level of consensus among current models that global warming in the range from +2 to +5 ◦ C could atte ...
... analyses depend on the particular regional changes simulated by the climate models. Thus, the specifics of results presented here are climate-model dependent. However, there is a long-standing, fair level of consensus among current models that global warming in the range from +2 to +5 ◦ C could atte ...
mobilising climate finance
... and Governor of the Bank of England, subsequently identified direct risks to insurance companies from extreme weather events, liability claims for losses caused by climate change and transition risks, primarily from stranded assets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had estimated ...
... and Governor of the Bank of England, subsequently identified direct risks to insurance companies from extreme weather events, liability claims for losses caused by climate change and transition risks, primarily from stranded assets. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had estimated ...
Past and future influence of climate change on spatially
... northwest arid regions and the Tibetan Plateau. In the Northeast Plain and Loess Plateau, however, the simulated NPP was higher than MODIS NPP. On one hand, both remote sensing interpretation and LPJ-DGVM simulation have a certain uncertainty. On the other hand, the LPJ-DGVM may under-estimate the n ...
... northwest arid regions and the Tibetan Plateau. In the Northeast Plain and Loess Plateau, however, the simulated NPP was higher than MODIS NPP. On one hand, both remote sensing interpretation and LPJ-DGVM simulation have a certain uncertainty. On the other hand, the LPJ-DGVM may under-estimate the n ...
Impact of extreme weather on critical infrastructure Deliverable D2.1
... provided a core set of 27 extreme indices for temperature and precipitation, to assess changes in extreme climate events. In order to achieve the WP2 main aim, existing indices from ETCCDI are reviewed, while new EWI’s, tailored to the user’s needs, are developed. In particular, in the frame of task ...
... provided a core set of 27 extreme indices for temperature and precipitation, to assess changes in extreme climate events. In order to achieve the WP2 main aim, existing indices from ETCCDI are reviewed, while new EWI’s, tailored to the user’s needs, are developed. In particular, in the frame of task ...
Summer Season Water Temperature Modeling under the Climate
... species [15–19]. For instance, results of Bouck et al. [14] indicate that sustained water temperature over 24.0 ◦ C can be lethal for certain species of salmonids. A number of studies have been conducted on the analysis and simulation of water temperature under climate change. These studies can be d ...
... species [15–19]. For instance, results of Bouck et al. [14] indicate that sustained water temperature over 24.0 ◦ C can be lethal for certain species of salmonids. A number of studies have been conducted on the analysis and simulation of water temperature under climate change. These studies can be d ...
PDF
... making extensive use of fish meal and fish oil produced from wild fish (Naylor et al., 2000). However, according to Brander (2007), certain positive effects are likely as well. A global warming could make it possible to set up aquaculture operations in regions that formerly were too cold or to benef ...
... making extensive use of fish meal and fish oil produced from wild fish (Naylor et al., 2000). However, according to Brander (2007), certain positive effects are likely as well. A global warming could make it possible to set up aquaculture operations in regions that formerly were too cold or to benef ...
effects of changing climate on weather and human activities
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
... record in 1997–98, and they were probably exacerbated by global warming: the human-induced climate change arising from increasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere. The climate is changing, and human activities are now part of the cause. But how does a climate change ma ...
The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability
... warm summers until the 1530s, particularly in the Alps. Similar decadal-long cold summer spells were observed between 1590 and 1610, which also coincided with two very large volcanic eruptions (Ruiz in 1594 and Huaynaputina in 1600; Sigl et al., 2013). Winter temperature variability behaved differen ...
... warm summers until the 1530s, particularly in the Alps. Similar decadal-long cold summer spells were observed between 1590 and 1610, which also coincided with two very large volcanic eruptions (Ruiz in 1594 and Huaynaputina in 1600; Sigl et al., 2013). Winter temperature variability behaved differen ...
1 - Terranova
... etc.) proactive pest and disease management and taking advantage of seasonal climate risk forecasts (Howden et al., 2006; Kingwell et al., 2013; Kokic et al., 2005). The majority of these options are what could be considered best management practice and encouraged at an industry level regardless of ...
... etc.) proactive pest and disease management and taking advantage of seasonal climate risk forecasts (Howden et al., 2006; Kingwell et al., 2013; Kokic et al., 2005). The majority of these options are what could be considered best management practice and encouraged at an industry level regardless of ...
oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time oceaN acidiFicatioN iN deep time
... Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56 million years ago) may have driven surface waters to undersaturation, although the evidence supporting this assertion is weak. Nevertheless, observations and modeling clearly show that during the PETM the deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same mo ...
... Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56 million years ago) may have driven surface waters to undersaturation, although the evidence supporting this assertion is weak. Nevertheless, observations and modeling clearly show that during the PETM the deep ocean, at least, became highly corrosive to CaCO3. These same mo ...
RELEVANT, IMMEDIATE, LOCAL: GUIDE TO
... ›› You may believe in god, or even the Essendon Bombers. But you don’t ‘believe in gravity’. It’s not an article of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate ch ...
... ›› You may believe in god, or even the Essendon Bombers. But you don’t ‘believe in gravity’. It’s not an article of faith, but an objective fact. Climate change is the same. ›› Comments like: “climate change is real”; “I believe in climate change” inadvertently reinforce the ideas that a) climate ch ...
UNDERSTANDING EL NIÑO IN OCEAN–ATMOSPHERE GENERAL
... in boreal spring—is often not captured by models, and Wang 1997), and anomalous zonal advection which either show little seasonal modulation or a (Picaut et al. 1997). These negative feedbacks may phase locking to the wrong part of the annual cycle, work in varying combinations to terminate El Niño ...
... in boreal spring—is often not captured by models, and Wang 1997), and anomalous zonal advection which either show little seasonal modulation or a (Picaut et al. 1997). These negative feedbacks may phase locking to the wrong part of the annual cycle, work in varying combinations to terminate El Niño ...
surface soil freeze/thaw patterns from AMSR
... To investigate the F/T trend changing we also calculated the global land temperature anomalies trend of the last 14 years (2001-2014) using the gridded mean temperature anomalies dataset namely the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M, Version 3.2.1) temperature dataset. The gridded ...
... To investigate the F/T trend changing we also calculated the global land temperature anomalies trend of the last 14 years (2001-2014) using the gridded mean temperature anomalies dataset namely the Global Historical Climatology Network-Monthly (GHCN-M, Version 3.2.1) temperature dataset. The gridded ...
10558_FULLTEXT
... have advantages over others at current and future distributions, because of different characteristics such as leaf traits. To gain more knowledge about such differences and what this might mean for future species composition in the alpine environment in Norway, six different alpine shrubs were subje ...
... have advantages over others at current and future distributions, because of different characteristics such as leaf traits. To gain more knowledge about such differences and what this might mean for future species composition in the alpine environment in Norway, six different alpine shrubs were subje ...
The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
Global Warming Greenhouse effect Heat lost to
... CO2 has increased from 300 parts per million in 1920 (1) to nearly 380 parts per million in 2000 (1). In this 20 year period it has increased by 80 parts per million (1) which is almost a quarter of ...
... CO2 has increased from 300 parts per million in 1920 (1) to nearly 380 parts per million in 2000 (1). In this 20 year period it has increased by 80 parts per million (1) which is almost a quarter of ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.