Opportunities and risks of climate change
... subject to change. The global warming hypothesis is based not on statistical climatic observations, but on scientifically based assumptions concerning the causeand-effect relations between greenhouse gases and the earth’s thermal balance. Nevertheless, it is not known exactly how climate changes. In ...
... subject to change. The global warming hypothesis is based not on statistical climatic observations, but on scientifically based assumptions concerning the causeand-effect relations between greenhouse gases and the earth’s thermal balance. Nevertheless, it is not known exactly how climate changes. In ...
NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto
... data, we estimate 2008 production to be about 4,000 tons, with a likely range of ±25%. Planned expansion could double this by 2010. [3] The published global warming potentials (GWP) of NF3 are 12,300, 17,200 and 20,700 for time horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively [Forster et al., 2007]. ...
... data, we estimate 2008 production to be about 4,000 tons, with a likely range of ±25%. Planned expansion could double this by 2010. [3] The published global warming potentials (GWP) of NF3 are 12,300, 17,200 and 20,700 for time horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively [Forster et al., 2007]. ...
LCCARL265_en.pdf
... sea level. The total increase of global average temperature from 1850-1899 to 2001-2005 is 0.76°C, the global average sea level rose at an average rate of 1.8 mm per year over 1961-2003. Moreover, the average temperature of the global ocean has increased to depths of at least 3000m since 1961. Other ...
... sea level. The total increase of global average temperature from 1850-1899 to 2001-2005 is 0.76°C, the global average sea level rose at an average rate of 1.8 mm per year over 1961-2003. Moreover, the average temperature of the global ocean has increased to depths of at least 3000m since 1961. Other ...
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of
... than for the other domain (15). The reason why two different domains (Figure 1) are used is that by using the maximum common domain (DOM 1) in some analysis more RCMs could be included (15 simulations), with the consequent increase in the robustness of the results. The broader domain (DOM 2) allows ...
... than for the other domain (15). The reason why two different domains (Figure 1) are used is that by using the maximum common domain (DOM 1) in some analysis more RCMs could be included (15 simulations), with the consequent increase in the robustness of the results. The broader domain (DOM 2) allows ...
Climate Change and National Park Wildlife: A Survival
... Wildlife need corridors that enable them to migrate between protected lands as climate change renders their current homes inhospitable. We also need to work harder to reduce air and water pollution that compound climate change stresses on wildlife. All of these elements must be put in place as soon ...
... Wildlife need corridors that enable them to migrate between protected lands as climate change renders their current homes inhospitable. We also need to work harder to reduce air and water pollution that compound climate change stresses on wildlife. All of these elements must be put in place as soon ...
Horticulture
... Warmer winters are likely to improve survival of plant pathogens and higher average temperatures throughout the year will accelerate pathogen life cycles. (H) Presence of free water is very important for successful completion of the life cycles of many micro-organisms. For fungi, both infection and ...
... Warmer winters are likely to improve survival of plant pathogens and higher average temperatures throughout the year will accelerate pathogen life cycles. (H) Presence of free water is very important for successful completion of the life cycles of many micro-organisms. For fungi, both infection and ...
The World Meteorological Organization at a glance
... oceanographic information to human activities are therefore of great importance worldwide. Disaster prevention and mitigation About 90 per cent of all natural disasters are related to weather, climate or water. The human and material losses caused by natural disasters are a major obstacle to sustain ...
... oceanographic information to human activities are therefore of great importance worldwide. Disaster prevention and mitigation About 90 per cent of all natural disasters are related to weather, climate or water. The human and material losses caused by natural disasters are a major obstacle to sustain ...
Article The uncertainties of climate change in Spanish
... The analysis of climate science media coverage is based upon three needs: a) apart from formal education, media are the main source of climate change information for the lay public [16], b) this phenomenon has a number of features that act as barriers that hinder public cognitive understanding [17] ...
... The analysis of climate science media coverage is based upon three needs: a) apart from formal education, media are the main source of climate change information for the lay public [16], b) this phenomenon has a number of features that act as barriers that hinder public cognitive understanding [17] ...
ece11 Funke 16512079 en
... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
Article The uncertainties of climate change in Spanish daily
... The analysis of climate science media coverage is based upon three needs: a) apart from formal education, media are the main source of climate change information for the lay public [16], b) this phenomenon has a number of features that act as barriers that hinder public cognitive understanding [17] ...
... The analysis of climate science media coverage is based upon three needs: a) apart from formal education, media are the main source of climate change information for the lay public [16], b) this phenomenon has a number of features that act as barriers that hinder public cognitive understanding [17] ...
14 Climate change: science and the precautionary principle
... of the atmosphere at a rate which must be very exceptional on the geological time scale, it is natural to seek for the probable effects of such a change. From the best laboratory observations it appears that the principal result of increasing carbon dioxide […] would be a gradual increase in the mea ...
... of the atmosphere at a rate which must be very exceptional on the geological time scale, it is natural to seek for the probable effects of such a change. From the best laboratory observations it appears that the principal result of increasing carbon dioxide […] would be a gradual increase in the mea ...
Cosmopolitan Justice, Responsibility, and Global Climate Change
... First, distributive justice concerns itself with the distribution of burdens and benefits. Now conventional theories of distributive justice tend to focus on benefits such as wealth and income. It is important, then, to ask whether this framework can usefully be extended to include environmental bur ...
... First, distributive justice concerns itself with the distribution of burdens and benefits. Now conventional theories of distributive justice tend to focus on benefits such as wealth and income. It is important, then, to ask whether this framework can usefully be extended to include environmental bur ...
Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty
... PG and P. The subsequent fall in temperature of the upper 100 m of the Greenland-Norwegian Seas is also very similar, 5◦ C in both cases. In pre-industrial experiment P this cooling leads to a sharp increase in sea-ice cover in the first decade (Fig. 6, see also Fig. 6 of Vellinga et al. (2002)). Be ...
... PG and P. The subsequent fall in temperature of the upper 100 m of the Greenland-Norwegian Seas is also very similar, 5◦ C in both cases. In pre-industrial experiment P this cooling leads to a sharp increase in sea-ice cover in the first decade (Fig. 6, see also Fig. 6 of Vellinga et al. (2002)). Be ...
Climate change as a driver of change in the Great Lakes St
... Governance and geopolitics are keys to addressing climate change through policy creation at the global level. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the associated Kyoto Protocol are the most significant global policy initiatives. The UNFCCC has 195 signatories, inclu ...
... Governance and geopolitics are keys to addressing climate change through policy creation at the global level. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the associated Kyoto Protocol are the most significant global policy initiatives. The UNFCCC has 195 signatories, inclu ...
Consistent increase in Indian monsoon rainfall and its variability
... that the Indian summer monsoon intensifies in the future, mainly in response to the increased moisture content under various CO2 forcings. Studies based on CMIP-5 models under RCP-4.5 scenario project an increase in global mean precipitation of around 3.2 % K−1 (Hsu et al., 2013) and a larger increa ...
... that the Indian summer monsoon intensifies in the future, mainly in response to the increased moisture content under various CO2 forcings. Studies based on CMIP-5 models under RCP-4.5 scenario project an increase in global mean precipitation of around 3.2 % K−1 (Hsu et al., 2013) and a larger increa ...
4 Climate politics and science in the media
... same pattern but lies slightly lower – thus fewer articles were found with a sceptical view. Which events determine these dynamics and generate the most media attention? In the examined period we first see a major peak between October 2006 and February 2007. Various international events are responsi ...
... same pattern but lies slightly lower – thus fewer articles were found with a sceptical view. Which events determine these dynamics and generate the most media attention? In the examined period we first see a major peak between October 2006 and February 2007. Various international events are responsi ...
Bias corrections of global models for regional climate simulations
... climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface as described in detail in Collins et al. (2006). The simulation was initialized in 1950 and run under twentieth century emissions. The NCAR Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF; Skamarock et al. 2008) ...
... climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface as described in detail in Collins et al. (2006). The simulation was initialized in 1950 and run under twentieth century emissions. The NCAR Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF; Skamarock et al. 2008) ...
Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of
... on growth rates of algae and zooplankton increases with temperature, such that growth is most sensitive to changes in nutrient supply in warm vs. cold environments (but see McFeeters & Frost, 2011). Alternatively, if hypothesis two had the most support, growth would show the same relative resource d ...
... on growth rates of algae and zooplankton increases with temperature, such that growth is most sensitive to changes in nutrient supply in warm vs. cold environments (but see McFeeters & Frost, 2011). Alternatively, if hypothesis two had the most support, growth would show the same relative resource d ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.