3 Climate change and the Law of the Sea Convention
... The fact that our planet has witnessed 4.5 billion years of climate change could lead one to wonder why the sudden commotion about it. In order to understand what is happening and why the issue of climate change requires urgent attention, a brief summary of the history of the Earth is helpful. When ...
... The fact that our planet has witnessed 4.5 billion years of climate change could lead one to wonder why the sudden commotion about it. In order to understand what is happening and why the issue of climate change requires urgent attention, a brief summary of the history of the Earth is helpful. When ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... larger anthropogenic changes to surface albedo, and other surface properties, which have occurred over more than 1000 years.8 Forest clearance for agriculture and the subsequent intensification of agriculture mean that crops have affected the regional and global climate substantially, via their alter ...
... larger anthropogenic changes to surface albedo, and other surface properties, which have occurred over more than 1000 years.8 Forest clearance for agriculture and the subsequent intensification of agriculture mean that crops have affected the regional and global climate substantially, via their alter ...
Small Island States
... The small island states considered in this chapter are located mainly in the tropics and the subtropics. These island states span the ocean regions of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic, as well as the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. Because of the very nature of these states, the ocean exerts a ma ...
... The small island states considered in this chapter are located mainly in the tropics and the subtropics. These island states span the ocean regions of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic, as well as the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. Because of the very nature of these states, the ocean exerts a ma ...
Climate –carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C MIP
... model with simplified physical climate components including the global version of the atmospheric model QTCM (Neelin and Zeng 2000; Zeng et al. 2000), the Simple-Land model (Zeng et al. 2000), and a slab mixed-layer ocean model with Q-flux to represent the effects of ocean dynamics (Hansen 1983). Th ...
... model with simplified physical climate components including the global version of the atmospheric model QTCM (Neelin and Zeng 2000; Zeng et al. 2000), the Simple-Land model (Zeng et al. 2000), and a slab mixed-layer ocean model with Q-flux to represent the effects of ocean dynamics (Hansen 1983). Th ...
Forest growth and species distribution in a changing climate
... plants, some detrimental to growth, others beneficial. Increasing CO2 concentration can increase photosynthetic rates, with the greatest increases likely to be in C3 plants growing in warm dry conditions. Increasing temperature directly affects plant growth through effects on photosynthetic and resp ...
... plants, some detrimental to growth, others beneficial. Increasing CO2 concentration can increase photosynthetic rates, with the greatest increases likely to be in C3 plants growing in warm dry conditions. Increasing temperature directly affects plant growth through effects on photosynthetic and resp ...
Greening of the Earth and its drivers
... (Supplementary Fig. 12)17 . A simple theoretical model17,18 was used to diagnose the response of leaf level carbon assimilation to the ...
... (Supplementary Fig. 12)17 . A simple theoretical model17,18 was used to diagnose the response of leaf level carbon assimilation to the ...
Central Coast Climate change snapshot
... Region climate change Based on long-term (1910–2011) observations, temperatures in the Central Coast Region have been increasing since about 1960, with higher temperatures experienced in recent decades. The region is projected to continue to warm during the near future (2020–2039) and far future (20 ...
... Region climate change Based on long-term (1910–2011) observations, temperatures in the Central Coast Region have been increasing since about 1960, with higher temperatures experienced in recent decades. The region is projected to continue to warm during the near future (2020–2039) and far future (20 ...
Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow
... specified. This affects the magnitude of temperature and precipitation changes – generally higher ...
... specified. This affects the magnitude of temperature and precipitation changes – generally higher ...
Climate Change: Potential Effects on Human Health in New Zealand
... Attempting to allow for these uncertainties, the IPCC has estimated that in 2100 the globally averaged surface temperature will be between 1.4ºC and 5.8ºC higher than in 1990 (Albritton et al., 2001). This rate of change in global temperature over 100 years would very likely be greater than any natu ...
... Attempting to allow for these uncertainties, the IPCC has estimated that in 2100 the globally averaged surface temperature will be between 1.4ºC and 5.8ºC higher than in 1990 (Albritton et al., 2001). This rate of change in global temperature over 100 years would very likely be greater than any natu ...
Climate risks and their impact on agriculture and forests in Switzerland
... Fig. 4 Change in selected statistics of daily precipitation between 1961–1990 and 2071–2100. Scenario from the regional climate model CHRM with boundary forcing from HadAM3H and the SRES A2 emission scenario. The panels depict the ratio between future and present climate for wet-day frequency (a, b) ...
... Fig. 4 Change in selected statistics of daily precipitation between 1961–1990 and 2071–2100. Scenario from the regional climate model CHRM with boundary forcing from HadAM3H and the SRES A2 emission scenario. The panels depict the ratio between future and present climate for wet-day frequency (a, b) ...
Input from IOC - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
... compromises that were agreed upon during the 2009 Copenhagen COP-15 (Conference of the Parties-15) meeting concerning control and target emissions of greenhouse gases, there are concerns that suggested mitigation actions may not be sufficient or may not be implemented in time to avoid adverse impact ...
... compromises that were agreed upon during the 2009 Copenhagen COP-15 (Conference of the Parties-15) meeting concerning control and target emissions of greenhouse gases, there are concerns that suggested mitigation actions may not be sufficient or may not be implemented in time to avoid adverse impact ...
Positive feedback between future climate change
... Abstract. Future climate change due to increased atmospheric CO2 may affect land and ocean efficiency to absorb atmospheric CO2 . Here, using climate and carbon threedimensional models forced by a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 , we show that there is a positive feedback between the climate sy ...
... Abstract. Future climate change due to increased atmospheric CO2 may affect land and ocean efficiency to absorb atmospheric CO2 . Here, using climate and carbon threedimensional models forced by a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 , we show that there is a positive feedback between the climate sy ...
Extreme precipitation response to climate perturbations in an
... are caused by a small perturbation in the initial conditions of the global climate model runs at 1950. Profile data of the atmosphere is available at seven grid points of the regional climate model in the Netherlands, with a frequency of 1 h. In order to determine the climate change perturbation, we ...
... are caused by a small perturbation in the initial conditions of the global climate model runs at 1950. Profile data of the atmosphere is available at seven grid points of the regional climate model in the Netherlands, with a frequency of 1 h. In order to determine the climate change perturbation, we ...
Costly Misinformed Diagnosis
... The Pembina Institute report called for the early closure of coal plants in Alberta, claiming that hundreds die from coal and that $300 million in health costs are caused by the use of coal. At a recent forum on the matter June 10, 2013 in Calgary, Redford government MLA Donna Kennedy-Glans stated t ...
... The Pembina Institute report called for the early closure of coal plants in Alberta, claiming that hundreds die from coal and that $300 million in health costs are caused by the use of coal. At a recent forum on the matter June 10, 2013 in Calgary, Redford government MLA Donna Kennedy-Glans stated t ...
Redalyc.Climate Change and the Caribbean: Review and Response
... last few decades. The changes, including increasing temperatures, more frequent extreme weather conditions and rising sea levels, disproportionately impact regions across the globe (IPCC 2007) and the Caribbean region has been identified as being amongst the most vulnerable (Lal, Harasawa and Takaha ...
... last few decades. The changes, including increasing temperatures, more frequent extreme weather conditions and rising sea levels, disproportionately impact regions across the globe (IPCC 2007) and the Caribbean region has been identified as being amongst the most vulnerable (Lal, Harasawa and Takaha ...
The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
... wind field. In the Southern Hemisphere in particular, these wind changes have been tied to stratospheric ozone depletion and increased greenhouse gas concentrations [15]. Most stateof-the-art climate models incorporating these drivers (which form the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project v. 5, CMIP5 ...
Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... must begin to explore this alternate track” (p. 25). Twenty years later, the data and models available are much stronger, and the arguments have been extended and sharpened in many ways, but Broecker et al.’s basic picture remains accurate: Abrupt climate changes happened, their large geographical e ...
... must begin to explore this alternate track” (p. 25). Twenty years later, the data and models available are much stronger, and the arguments have been extended and sharpened in many ways, but Broecker et al.’s basic picture remains accurate: Abrupt climate changes happened, their large geographical e ...
Weather and Death in India
... mechanisms (bank credits from formal banking sector) Mitigation: Can differential availability of health facilities and other infrastructures explain some of the R/U mortality difference? Interaction of temperature effects with access measures to health facilities, etc ...
... mechanisms (bank credits from formal banking sector) Mitigation: Can differential availability of health facilities and other infrastructures explain some of the R/U mortality difference? Interaction of temperature effects with access measures to health facilities, etc ...
Research paper: Improving Communication of Uncertainty in the
... Sentences with very likely 1. It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves, and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent. 2. Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during ...
... Sentences with very likely 1. It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves, and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent. 2. Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during ...
Using a maximum simplicity paleoclimate model to simulate
... Antarctic temperature from Byrd for MIS 3 and from Vostok for MIS 3, 6, 8 and 10. Applying a simple centred difference scheme to the filtered Byrd temperature record Eq. (2) is then used to generate an approximation for the time series of northern hemisphere temperature for signals with periods betwe ...
... Antarctic temperature from Byrd for MIS 3 and from Vostok for MIS 3, 6, 8 and 10. Applying a simple centred difference scheme to the filtered Byrd temperature record Eq. (2) is then used to generate an approximation for the time series of northern hemisphere temperature for signals with periods betwe ...
The Climate Change Impact on Russia`s Wind Energy Resource
... and/or downscaling technique. Combinations of these two methods can also be used to estimate the global, regional and local wind energy potential. It is very important, that the estimates of the technical potential for wind energy take into account not only the wind energy technologies but also the ...
... and/or downscaling technique. Combinations of these two methods can also be used to estimate the global, regional and local wind energy potential. It is very important, that the estimates of the technical potential for wind energy take into account not only the wind energy technologies but also the ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in water hazard assessments using regional
... Value Of Statistical Downscaling As The “Benchmark Of Skill” Statistical downscaling from the parent global model should be used as the benchmark (control) with which dynamic downscaling would have to improve on. An excellent example of this type of testing is given in the paper Landsea, C.W., Knaf ...
... Value Of Statistical Downscaling As The “Benchmark Of Skill” Statistical downscaling from the parent global model should be used as the benchmark (control) with which dynamic downscaling would have to improve on. An excellent example of this type of testing is given in the paper Landsea, C.W., Knaf ...
LCCARL267_en.pdf
... options to rebuild the economy and the society based on other, different options that have shaped the region for several hundred years. The main question that could be raised by models related to the best climate policy and longterm welfare changes concerns the impacts and how to adapt best to futur ...
... options to rebuild the economy and the society based on other, different options that have shaped the region for several hundred years. The main question that could be raised by models related to the best climate policy and longterm welfare changes concerns the impacts and how to adapt best to futur ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.