Paulo Nobre
... in the Amazonia and SACZ regions is important to a good global climate representation. They are sources of humidity (Amazonia) and Rossby waves (SACZ). • The majority of global models, although representing the general features of South America, presents deficiencies in this representation. ...
... in the Amazonia and SACZ regions is important to a good global climate representation. They are sources of humidity (Amazonia) and Rossby waves (SACZ). • The majority of global models, although representing the general features of South America, presents deficiencies in this representation. ...
Gaia and natural selection
... discuss the limitations of existing models and make proposals for further testing Gaia theory. At this stage, it seems that natural selection can form an integral part of planetary self-regulation and, where destabilizing effects arise, they may be less likely than stabilizing effects to attain glob ...
... discuss the limitations of existing models and make proposals for further testing Gaia theory. At this stage, it seems that natural selection can form an integral part of planetary self-regulation and, where destabilizing effects arise, they may be less likely than stabilizing effects to attain glob ...
CHAPTER 9 POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
... and one less well known. The El Niño/ Souther n Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular oscillation with a period of 2 to 7 years,which is widely known and intensively studied. ENSO’s positive El Niño phase warms sea-surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific and cools it in the central North Pacific, ...
... and one less well known. The El Niño/ Souther n Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular oscillation with a period of 2 to 7 years,which is widely known and intensively studied. ENSO’s positive El Niño phase warms sea-surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific and cools it in the central North Pacific, ...
PDF
... Criticisms of the hedonic approach include inadequate treatment of irrigation in the analysis, lack of robustness to weighting schemes and the difficulties in estimating dynamic adjustment costs due to fixed capital constraints in the short run. In an attempt to explore the first issue, Schlenker, ...
... Criticisms of the hedonic approach include inadequate treatment of irrigation in the analysis, lack of robustness to weighting schemes and the difficulties in estimating dynamic adjustment costs due to fixed capital constraints in the short run. In an attempt to explore the first issue, Schlenker, ...
GCOS - WMO
... What do we need to consider in the next plan? • Are the current definition of ECVs suitable? • Are the current observations sufficient to assess the contribution of the hydrological, energy or carbon cycles to the changing climate? • Are additional ECV needed for mitigation or vulnerability, impact ...
... What do we need to consider in the next plan? • Are the current definition of ECVs suitable? • Are the current observations sufficient to assess the contribution of the hydrological, energy or carbon cycles to the changing climate? • Are additional ECV needed for mitigation or vulnerability, impact ...
occasional paper 9 - Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and
... records. The weather and climate monitoring programs and equipment from these long-term stations also need to have remained relatively consistent over time. In fact, lack of long-term climate data suitable for analysis of extremes is the single biggest obstacle to quantifying whether extreme events ...
... records. The weather and climate monitoring programs and equipment from these long-term stations also need to have remained relatively consistent over time. In fact, lack of long-term climate data suitable for analysis of extremes is the single biggest obstacle to quantifying whether extreme events ...
Natural hazards and farmers experience of climate change on highly
... Uganda. Here there are high potential agricultural zones and under normal climatic conditions there should fall enough precipitation to rain-feed crops and pastures (Mukwaya et al. 2011, Nema 2010) With climate change the seasonal patterns are becoming more extreme from what they are today, this wil ...
... Uganda. Here there are high potential agricultural zones and under normal climatic conditions there should fall enough precipitation to rain-feed crops and pastures (Mukwaya et al. 2011, Nema 2010) With climate change the seasonal patterns are becoming more extreme from what they are today, this wil ...
Clustering Earth Science Data: Goals, Issues and Results
... greenness index [NASA].) The goal of this work was to use clustering as an initial step for deriving continental-scale to global-scale vegetation maps. After the removal of components with a period of one year or less, clustering was also used to group points that had similar patterns of inter-annua ...
... greenness index [NASA].) The goal of this work was to use clustering as an initial step for deriving continental-scale to global-scale vegetation maps. After the removal of components with a period of one year or less, clustering was also used to group points that had similar patterns of inter-annua ...
New Insights on the Physical Nature of the Atmospheric Greenhouse
... of Saturn), and Triton (a moon of Neptune). Twelve relationships (models) suggested by DA are explored via non-linear regression analyses that involve dimensionless products comprised of solar irradiance, greenhouse-gas partial pressure/density and total atmospheric pressure/density as forcing varia ...
... of Saturn), and Triton (a moon of Neptune). Twelve relationships (models) suggested by DA are explored via non-linear regression analyses that involve dimensionless products comprised of solar irradiance, greenhouse-gas partial pressure/density and total atmospheric pressure/density as forcing varia ...
scientific questions and motivations
... changes in Northern Eurasia are many and we can expect others will arise as we learn more about the system. The major uncertainty which justifies our science questions is that during the past, we have evidence of significant and rapid changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and land cove ...
... changes in Northern Eurasia are many and we can expect others will arise as we learn more about the system. The major uncertainty which justifies our science questions is that during the past, we have evidence of significant and rapid changes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and land cove ...
The physical concept of climate forcing
... the spatial variability, individual months are rarely in global balance as well. Even globally averaged, the net radiative fluxes varied by about 0.5 W/m2 over the past few years.13 These observed variations are due to internal fluctuations within the climate system.14 El Niño is such an example of ...
... the spatial variability, individual months are rarely in global balance as well. Even globally averaged, the net radiative fluxes varied by about 0.5 W/m2 over the past few years.13 These observed variations are due to internal fluctuations within the climate system.14 El Niño is such an example of ...
Climate warming will reduce growth and survival of Scots pine
... for MAT shift and !noise" includes variance due to factors unrelated to MAT). Given this, one would expect that a relatively large number of sites would likely be required to adequately characterize the response of a single population to an inferred gradient, such as in DMAT, across multiple sites. ...
... for MAT shift and !noise" includes variance due to factors unrelated to MAT). Given this, one would expect that a relatively large number of sites would likely be required to adequately characterize the response of a single population to an inferred gradient, such as in DMAT, across multiple sites. ...
The Atmospheric Energy Constraint on Global
... climate and the biosphere, and is of great practical importance to society. Climate models robustly predict an increase in global-mean precipitation in response to CO2 doubling. They agree that the magnitude of this increase will be less than the increase of water vapor concentrations (Held and Sode ...
... climate and the biosphere, and is of great practical importance to society. Climate models robustly predict an increase in global-mean precipitation in response to CO2 doubling. They agree that the magnitude of this increase will be less than the increase of water vapor concentrations (Held and Sode ...
![The impact of climate change on children[6]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010087075_1-c007715022f7097bf945cf5303e872da-300x300.png)
The impact of climate change on children[6]
... is harder to map the influence of climate change on extremes than on averages, but it is increasing. By 2015, the number of people affected by climate-related disasters each year is likely to rise, for a number of different reasons, by an estimated 50%, from an average of 250 million over the last d ...
... is harder to map the influence of climate change on extremes than on averages, but it is increasing. By 2015, the number of people affected by climate-related disasters each year is likely to rise, for a number of different reasons, by an estimated 50%, from an average of 250 million over the last d ...
The Wegman report
... specifically during the 1990s. The MBH98 and MBH99 papers are focused on paleoclimate temperature reconstruction and conclusions therein focus on what appear to be a rapid rise in global temperature during the 1990s when compared with temperatures of the previous millennium. These conclusions genera ...
... specifically during the 1990s. The MBH98 and MBH99 papers are focused on paleoclimate temperature reconstruction and conclusions therein focus on what appear to be a rapid rise in global temperature during the 1990s when compared with temperatures of the previous millennium. These conclusions genera ...
Talking about a revolution: climate change and the media
... empowering people to make informed choices. Yet public, private and political reactions to climate change are still small relative to what powerful scientific, economic and moral arguments demand. It has been said that the most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t being said. In th ...
... empowering people to make informed choices. Yet public, private and political reactions to climate change are still small relative to what powerful scientific, economic and moral arguments demand. It has been said that the most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t being said. In th ...
Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate
... Even though such projections of the future are relatively crude, it is important to begin the assessment of the human impacts of potential climate changes on a global basis, as has been recently done for the United States (Smith and Tirpak, 1989). Because of time lags inherent in the climate system, ...
... Even though such projections of the future are relatively crude, it is important to begin the assessment of the human impacts of potential climate changes on a global basis, as has been recently done for the United States (Smith and Tirpak, 1989). Because of time lags inherent in the climate system, ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.