Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem Carlos M. Duarte1
... Table 1) by which solid soils turns into fluid soil and eventually ponds and aquatic ecosystems (Lawrence et al. 2008). Thermokarst lakes and ponds are formed in a depression by meltwater from thawing permafrost, often enhanced by the collapse of ground levels associated with permafrost thawing (Jor ...
... Table 1) by which solid soils turns into fluid soil and eventually ponds and aquatic ecosystems (Lawrence et al. 2008). Thermokarst lakes and ponds are formed in a depression by meltwater from thawing permafrost, often enhanced by the collapse of ground levels associated with permafrost thawing (Jor ...
Past and projected trends in London`s urban heat island
... materials during the day and subsequent nighttime radiation. The UHI is also more marked at night see Fig. 1 because reduced nocturnal turbulent mixing keeps the warmer air near the surface. Conversely, the urban± rural contrast is generally weaker during winter because solar energy absorption is lo ...
... materials during the day and subsequent nighttime radiation. The UHI is also more marked at night see Fig. 1 because reduced nocturnal turbulent mixing keeps the warmer air near the surface. Conversely, the urban± rural contrast is generally weaker during winter because solar energy absorption is lo ...
Document
... warming or acidification will have the greatest impact, and whether or not species will be able to cope with the effects of acidification through adaptation. The CPR survey is providing a critical baseline (both in space and time) and is currently monitoring these vulnerable organisms in case they b ...
... warming or acidification will have the greatest impact, and whether or not species will be able to cope with the effects of acidification through adaptation. The CPR survey is providing a critical baseline (both in space and time) and is currently monitoring these vulnerable organisms in case they b ...
The Australian Aerosol and Climate Research Program: A
... significant (net negative) contribution by aerosol to global climate forcing, with this forcing being highly uncertain. Reduction of the uncertainty in the aerosol forcing estimate is required to correspondingly improve projections of future climate. The review of “Future Climate Change Research and ...
... significant (net negative) contribution by aerosol to global climate forcing, with this forcing being highly uncertain. Reduction of the uncertainty in the aerosol forcing estimate is required to correspondingly improve projections of future climate. The review of “Future Climate Change Research and ...
Ensemble projections of future streamflow droughts in Europe
... periods analyzed and ways to assess the statistical significance of the trends. These factors can explain some contradictory results, found for example over central and northern Europe, which highlight the intrinsic ambiguity in quantifying trends in droughts (Orlowsky and Seneviratne, 2013). Detect ...
... periods analyzed and ways to assess the statistical significance of the trends. These factors can explain some contradictory results, found for example over central and northern Europe, which highlight the intrinsic ambiguity in quantifying trends in droughts (Orlowsky and Seneviratne, 2013). Detect ...
Draft Interim Climate Change Guidelines
... as antecedent wetness, baseflow, tailwater levels and oceanic processes (e.g. wind, waves and tides) are not considered. Recommended Procedure for Design Flood Estimation and Planning in Australia A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions wil ...
... as antecedent wetness, baseflow, tailwater levels and oceanic processes (e.g. wind, waves and tides) are not considered. Recommended Procedure for Design Flood Estimation and Planning in Australia A six-step procedure for the incorporation of climate change in flood designs or planning decisions wil ...
Selection of Climate Models for Developing - hi
... Models (GCMs) that were used for the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report are bundled in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) (Taylor et al. 2012). The envelope approach for selecting climate models considers each models’ projected average change of a climatic variable over ...
... Models (GCMs) that were used for the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report are bundled in the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) (Taylor et al. 2012). The envelope approach for selecting climate models considers each models’ projected average change of a climatic variable over ...
Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural
... shipping emission rate from Corbett et al. [1999], which totaled 4.24 Tg S/a by 29.5 g S/kg fuel [Corbett and Koehler, 2003, Table 1, for 1999 data] and multiplying the result by 1.02 g BC C/kg fuel for shipping [Bond et al., 2004]. That for POC was obtained in the same manner, but by multiplying th ...
... shipping emission rate from Corbett et al. [1999], which totaled 4.24 Tg S/a by 29.5 g S/kg fuel [Corbett and Koehler, 2003, Table 1, for 1999 data] and multiplying the result by 1.02 g BC C/kg fuel for shipping [Bond et al., 2004]. That for POC was obtained in the same manner, but by multiplying th ...
Signs of Climate Change in Nordic Nature
... Climate change has been a central issue in environmental monitoring ever since the United Nations (UN) Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 1994 (e.g. EEA 2008). The main effort has been put towards monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases in order to evaluate the effectiveness of emission reduct ...
... Climate change has been a central issue in environmental monitoring ever since the United Nations (UN) Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 1994 (e.g. EEA 2008). The main effort has been put towards monitoring the emission of greenhouse gases in order to evaluate the effectiveness of emission reduct ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... the global carbon budget and the ‘ambition gap’ that stands between present pledges and the chance of keeping average global warming to below the ‘guardrail’ of 2 degrees Celsius. It then turns to aspects of Australia’s current approach to the 2020 target and concludes by proposing a 2020 target and ...
... the global carbon budget and the ‘ambition gap’ that stands between present pledges and the chance of keeping average global warming to below the ‘guardrail’ of 2 degrees Celsius. It then turns to aspects of Australia’s current approach to the 2020 target and concludes by proposing a 2020 target and ...
The Critical Decade 2013
... The Climate Commission brings together internationally renowned climate scientists, as well as policy and business leaders, to provide an independent and reliable source of information about climate change to the Australian public. This is the Climate Commission’s 26th publication and follows a seri ...
... The Climate Commission brings together internationally renowned climate scientists, as well as policy and business leaders, to provide an independent and reliable source of information about climate change to the Australian public. This is the Climate Commission’s 26th publication and follows a seri ...
Donner Webbe Kiribati KAP 2013
... extrapolate future sea-level rise using semi-empirical models led to estimates of up to 2 m sea-level rise by 2100. The recent Fifth IPCC Assessment (‘‘AR5’’) reported a likely range of 0.52–0.98 m sea-level rise by 2100 in the RCP8.5 scenario (Church et al. 2013), the scenario which most closely ma ...
... extrapolate future sea-level rise using semi-empirical models led to estimates of up to 2 m sea-level rise by 2100. The recent Fifth IPCC Assessment (‘‘AR5’’) reported a likely range of 0.52–0.98 m sea-level rise by 2100 in the RCP8.5 scenario (Church et al. 2013), the scenario which most closely ma ...
Tuvalu and Climate Change in the Sydney Morning
... established discourse of denial that is somewhat influential in questioning climate change knowledge by appealing to apparent inconsistencies in empirical evidence. This denial discourse posits that either climate change is not scientifically provable or that it is not a serious issue. According to ...
... established discourse of denial that is somewhat influential in questioning climate change knowledge by appealing to apparent inconsistencies in empirical evidence. This denial discourse posits that either climate change is not scientifically provable or that it is not a serious issue. According to ...
Climate Change and Heat Deaths: Newest Estimates
... across the study cities with the most pronounced increases projected to occur in the Southeast and Northeast. This increase becomes more dramatic toward the end of the twenty-first century as the anticipated impact of climate change intensifies. The health impact associated with different emissions ...
... across the study cities with the most pronounced increases projected to occur in the Southeast and Northeast. This increase becomes more dramatic toward the end of the twenty-first century as the anticipated impact of climate change intensifies. The health impact associated with different emissions ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... certain group of countries cannot solve it unless the world acts globally. Almost two decades ago, most countries joined an international treaty—the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)—to begin considering what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with arising ...
... certain group of countries cannot solve it unless the world acts globally. Almost two decades ago, most countries joined an international treaty—the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)—to begin considering what can be done to reduce global warming and to cope with arising ...
Sweden facing climate change - Government Offices of Sweden
... The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that global warming so far has been 0.7 degrees over the last 100 years. The rate of warming in the last 50 years has been almost double that in the whole 100-year period, and it is very likely that this has been largely caused ...
... The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that global warming so far has been 0.7 degrees over the last 100 years. The rate of warming in the last 50 years has been almost double that in the whole 100-year period, and it is very likely that this has been largely caused ...
Observed Climate Change and the Negligible Global Effect of
... are also negligible. A complete cessation of all anthropogenic emissions from Georgia will result in a global sea-level rise savings by the year 2100 of an estimated 0.08 cm, or about three hundredths of an inch. Again, this value is climatically irrelevant. ...
... are also negligible. A complete cessation of all anthropogenic emissions from Georgia will result in a global sea-level rise savings by the year 2100 of an estimated 0.08 cm, or about three hundredths of an inch. Again, this value is climatically irrelevant. ...
- White Rose Research Online
... change communication from environmental communication in general: 1) The cause of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, is mainly invisible, 2) at least in the Western world, most people perceive the impacts as temporally and geographically distant, 3) modern society has been insulated from its ...
... change communication from environmental communication in general: 1) The cause of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, is mainly invisible, 2) at least in the Western world, most people perceive the impacts as temporally and geographically distant, 3) modern society has been insulated from its ...
Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to
... a country’s flood protection strategy, since local sea level changes can deviate substantially from the global mean. This is illustrated by the fact that over the past 15 years, satellites have measured a global mean sea level rise at a rate of about 3 mm/yr, while over that period, local changes va ...
... a country’s flood protection strategy, since local sea level changes can deviate substantially from the global mean. This is illustrated by the fact that over the past 15 years, satellites have measured a global mean sea level rise at a rate of about 3 mm/yr, while over that period, local changes va ...
Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial
... Perhaps the greatest source of known uncertainty in glacial boundary conditions relates to ice-sheet thickness. Although the geographical extents of LGM and deglacial ice-sheets are fairly well mapped (Denton and Hughes, 1981, 2002; Dyke and Prest, 1987; Anderson et al., 2002; Clark and Mix, 2002; B ...
... Perhaps the greatest source of known uncertainty in glacial boundary conditions relates to ice-sheet thickness. Although the geographical extents of LGM and deglacial ice-sheets are fairly well mapped (Denton and Hughes, 1981, 2002; Dyke and Prest, 1987; Anderson et al., 2002; Clark and Mix, 2002; B ...
- Inderscience Online
... change must be treated in terms of ‘packageable solutions’ in order to earn the attention of the media as well as avoid successful counter-claims by climate sceptics. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in one of its most recent publications (Headline Statements from the Summary for ...
... change must be treated in terms of ‘packageable solutions’ in order to earn the attention of the media as well as avoid successful counter-claims by climate sceptics. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in one of its most recent publications (Headline Statements from the Summary for ...
Amplification and dampening of soil respiration by changes in
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
... One of the most important feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change is the potential release of soil carbon as temperature increases, especially at high latitudes (Field et al., 2007). The amount of carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by a fact ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.