The US Economic Impacts of Climate Change and the Costs of
... triggered by past emissions. Although these policies are gaining momentum, their importance is not understood by many, including Congress, the public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on t ...
... triggered by past emissions. Although these policies are gaining momentum, their importance is not understood by many, including Congress, the public and the media. All too frequently, inaction is motivated by the perceived high cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of not taking on t ...
Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme
... distribution, pattern, frequency, variability of precipitation and their inter-relationships in urban cities. Arora et al. (2005) explored trends of annual average and seasonal temperatures using the MK test at the country and regional scales in India. It was observed that annual mean temperature, m ...
... distribution, pattern, frequency, variability of precipitation and their inter-relationships in urban cities. Arora et al. (2005) explored trends of annual average and seasonal temperatures using the MK test at the country and regional scales in India. It was observed that annual mean temperature, m ...
Media Attention for Climate Change around the World: Data
... Gordon et al. (2010) find, in contrast, that uncertainty is hardly an issue at all and that “scientific conflict/controversy” accounts for less than five percent of all comments made about climate change in the Mexican newspaper “Reforma” from 2004‐2006. It is difficult t ...
... Gordon et al. (2010) find, in contrast, that uncertainty is hardly an issue at all and that “scientific conflict/controversy” accounts for less than five percent of all comments made about climate change in the Mexican newspaper “Reforma” from 2004‐2006. It is difficult t ...
The implications of climate change scenario selection for future
... over future climate evolution at the scale of this transition zone, advances in climate science (perhaps including higherresolution earth system models) will be required before these consequences can be projected with much confidence (Seager and Vecchi, 2010). The topography of the basin also influe ...
... over future climate evolution at the scale of this transition zone, advances in climate science (perhaps including higherresolution earth system models) will be required before these consequences can be projected with much confidence (Seager and Vecchi, 2010). The topography of the basin also influe ...
Climate and Culture - George Mason University
... (b) global negotiations and discourses. For me it is logical to begin with the insight and progress from field-site research where I, and many anthropologists, began doing climate change research largely prompted by the concerns of our field collaborators. I review place-based ...
... (b) global negotiations and discourses. For me it is logical to begin with the insight and progress from field-site research where I, and many anthropologists, began doing climate change research largely prompted by the concerns of our field collaborators. I review place-based ...
Quantification of hydrologic impacts of climate change in a
... physically based, distributed hydrologic model. The highresolution forcings in reference and future conditions (30year records for each period) were provided by four combinations of global and regional climate models, bias-corrected and downscaled in space and time (from ∼ 25 km, 24 h to 5 km, 1 h) ...
... physically based, distributed hydrologic model. The highresolution forcings in reference and future conditions (30year records for each period) were provided by four combinations of global and regional climate models, bias-corrected and downscaled in space and time (from ∼ 25 km, 24 h to 5 km, 1 h) ...
Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The
... Atlantic, the regional sea level pressure expression of the NAM, which is referred to as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; Figure 1), dominates the forcing of changes in ocean conditions. In the Pacific sector, the surface expression of the NAM is weaker, and regional sea level pressure variabili ...
... Atlantic, the regional sea level pressure expression of the NAM, which is referred to as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; Figure 1), dominates the forcing of changes in ocean conditions. In the Pacific sector, the surface expression of the NAM is weaker, and regional sea level pressure variabili ...
IOCCG Report 9
... If the assimilation number is not spatially uniform and constant in time, how might it be distributed? One possibility is that it could be a continuous function of an environmental property, such as temperature. In general, for the ecophysiological parameters of interest (e.g., the assimilation numb ...
... If the assimilation number is not spatially uniform and constant in time, how might it be distributed? One possibility is that it could be a continuous function of an environmental property, such as temperature. In general, for the ecophysiological parameters of interest (e.g., the assimilation numb ...
Climate Change and Small Island Developing States
... UNFCCC policy measures, most notably the Kyoto Protocol addressing greenhouse gas reduction, factor in only human-induced climate change. Since UNFCCC’s definition is encompassed by IPCC’s definition, this paper adopts IPCC’s broader approach. Significant challenges, however, exist in decoupling lon ...
... UNFCCC policy measures, most notably the Kyoto Protocol addressing greenhouse gas reduction, factor in only human-induced climate change. Since UNFCCC’s definition is encompassed by IPCC’s definition, this paper adopts IPCC’s broader approach. Significant challenges, however, exist in decoupling lon ...
Impacts of climate change on Australia`s World Heritage properties
... and biological diversity. There are currently 17 sites in Australia recognised by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as possessing characteristics considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. Because of their universal significance, these 17 sites are lis ...
... and biological diversity. There are currently 17 sites in Australia recognised by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as possessing characteristics considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. Because of their universal significance, these 17 sites are lis ...
Chapter 4 Climate change and its implications for catastrophe
... years. It is suggested that a correlation exists between warmer periods and heightened hurricane activity (Goldenberg et al. ,Science, 2001). As a warm phase is reached, then warmer SSTs, reduced vertical wind shear over the Atlantic and an African Easterly Jet (AEJ) are all conducive to tropical cy ...
... years. It is suggested that a correlation exists between warmer periods and heightened hurricane activity (Goldenberg et al. ,Science, 2001). As a warm phase is reached, then warmer SSTs, reduced vertical wind shear over the Atlantic and an African Easterly Jet (AEJ) are all conducive to tropical cy ...
REPORT CARD Sea-Level Rise 2012
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I
... Koubbi, 2014) but will not include assessments of climate change impacts. A clear gap in these reviews is a close examination of how specific changes in physical habitats may impact directly on the ecology of species at different trophic levels (Fig. 1), thereby giving rise to indirect impacts on on ...
... Koubbi, 2014) but will not include assessments of climate change impacts. A clear gap in these reviews is a close examination of how specific changes in physical habitats may impact directly on the ecology of species at different trophic levels (Fig. 1), thereby giving rise to indirect impacts on on ...
fisheries management
... these scales has distinct implications for development of policy that will be robust NO ...
... these scales has distinct implications for development of policy that will be robust NO ...
SoE 08 Part 4.1 Atmos - Commissioner for Environmental
... cause of warming during the past several decades2. The IPCC states that “no known mode of internal variability leads to such widespread, near universal warming as has been observed in the past few decades”3, which leaves external factors, such as human activities, as the most likely causes of the wa ...
... cause of warming during the past several decades2. The IPCC states that “no known mode of internal variability leads to such widespread, near universal warming as has been observed in the past few decades”3, which leaves external factors, such as human activities, as the most likely causes of the wa ...
Multi-hazard assessment in Europe under climate change
... pronounced in areas prone to multiple climate hazards. In this context, a multi-hazard assessment accounting for possible regional variations in intensity and frequency of climate extremes is essential to identify areas potentially more exposed to climate change. A number of climate change impact st ...
... pronounced in areas prone to multiple climate hazards. In this context, a multi-hazard assessment accounting for possible regional variations in intensity and frequency of climate extremes is essential to identify areas potentially more exposed to climate change. A number of climate change impact st ...
Document
... are determined by their atmosphere and their relationship to the sun. Because Venus is much closer to the sun than Earth is, it is much hotter. The surface temperature of Venus is 887°F (475°C)–hot enough to melt lead. Venus is subject to an extreme greenhouse effect. Its atmosphere traps more heat ...
... are determined by their atmosphere and their relationship to the sun. Because Venus is much closer to the sun than Earth is, it is much hotter. The surface temperature of Venus is 887°F (475°C)–hot enough to melt lead. Venus is subject to an extreme greenhouse effect. Its atmosphere traps more heat ...
Drought in the Sahel - Lund University Publications
... zone with precipitation values between 150 and 400 mm (Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS), 1999). The annual average of precipitation is 371 mm, derived from the period 1961-1990. One has to note that this 30-year period was itself a substantially dry pe ...
... zone with precipitation values between 150 and 400 mm (Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS), 1999). The annual average of precipitation is 371 mm, derived from the period 1961-1990. One has to note that this 30-year period was itself a substantially dry pe ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.