Bradford, Mark A., et al. "Climate fails to predict wood decomposition
... Climate–decomposition relationships are typically developed from regional to global studies that use the mean response of decomposition to climate and litter quality drivers2–5 . There is growing awareness in other areas of global change science that using mean responses masks the fine-scale variati ...
... Climate–decomposition relationships are typically developed from regional to global studies that use the mean response of decomposition to climate and litter quality drivers2–5 . There is growing awareness in other areas of global change science that using mean responses masks the fine-scale variati ...
before the secretary of the interior petition to list the emperor penguin
... predators such as emperor penguins. Containing more than half of Southern Ocean krill stocks, the southwest Atlantic sector has suffered a decline in krill density of as great as 80% since the 1970s, at least in part caused by changes in ocean biological productivity brought on by climate change. Oc ...
... predators such as emperor penguins. Containing more than half of Southern Ocean krill stocks, the southwest Atlantic sector has suffered a decline in krill density of as great as 80% since the 1970s, at least in part caused by changes in ocean biological productivity brought on by climate change. Oc ...
SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE CARIBBEAN
... The nations of CARICOM3 (the Caribbean Community) exemplify many of these characteristics, and even though they contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions4, these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most impacted by climate change in the coming decades. Caribbea ...
... The nations of CARICOM3 (the Caribbean Community) exemplify many of these characteristics, and even though they contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions4, these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most impacted by climate change in the coming decades. Caribbea ...
1 Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Climate Change and
... The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the target of reducing GHG emissions.13 For the purposes of GHG emissions reduction, the UNFCCC divides the world into Annex I countries14 and developing countries, legally bindin ...
... The Kyoto Protocol is a highly centralized, top-down agreement12 on climate change, which has proven to be very rigid in the target of reducing GHG emissions.13 For the purposes of GHG emissions reduction, the UNFCCC divides the world into Annex I countries14 and developing countries, legally bindin ...
report on adaptation challenges in pacific island countries
... lives within 1.5 km of the shore and many of these countries are less than a few meters above sea level. An increase of as little as half a meter, along with increased incidents of storm surges, would inundate many critical areas and threaten their populations. While the rate of sea level rise will ...
... lives within 1.5 km of the shore and many of these countries are less than a few meters above sea level. An increase of as little as half a meter, along with increased incidents of storm surges, would inundate many critical areas and threaten their populations. While the rate of sea level rise will ...
Document
... frequency. Nevertheless, the absolute deviations are in many cases considerable. Plavcova and Kysely (2011; 2013) also found that the model spread is largest during summer. Two CAP9SLP circulation types (A CEU and W SEUc) do not occur during summer in the reanalysis data. This is correctly represent ...
... frequency. Nevertheless, the absolute deviations are in many cases considerable. Plavcova and Kysely (2011; 2013) also found that the model spread is largest during summer. Two CAP9SLP circulation types (A CEU and W SEUc) do not occur during summer in the reanalysis data. This is correctly represent ...
Target Atmospheric CO : Where Should Humanity Aim?
... global mean CO2, 385 ppm, is already in the dangerous zone. Despite rapid current CO2 growth, ~2 ppm/year, we show that it is conceivable to reduce CO2 this century to less than the current amount, but only via prompt policy changes. 1.1. Climate Sensitivity A global climate forcing, measured in W/m ...
... global mean CO2, 385 ppm, is already in the dangerous zone. Despite rapid current CO2 growth, ~2 ppm/year, we show that it is conceivable to reduce CO2 this century to less than the current amount, but only via prompt policy changes. 1.1. Climate Sensitivity A global climate forcing, measured in W/m ...
Identifying Uncertainties in Arctic Climate Predictions
... subjected to a specific level of greenhouse gases rather than at a specific point in future time5. Hence we will consider the uncertainty, or the spread6 in projections of ...
... subjected to a specific level of greenhouse gases rather than at a specific point in future time5. Hence we will consider the uncertainty, or the spread6 in projections of ...
this PDF file
... express their perceptions on whether changes have been observed on climatic elements and associated extreme events in their localities in the last two decades. Farmers were asked what their experiences were about extreme events such as drought and others in the stated time. The selected Kebelles fro ...
... express their perceptions on whether changes have been observed on climatic elements and associated extreme events in their localities in the last two decades. Farmers were asked what their experiences were about extreme events such as drought and others in the stated time. The selected Kebelles fro ...
Adaptation - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... the climate-related impacts that are expected to grow in number and intensity in the decades to come. ...
... the climate-related impacts that are expected to grow in number and intensity in the decades to come. ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... climate change experiments, factors that contribute to the response of those models, changes in variability and changes in extremes. Section 9.4 is a synthesis of our assessment of model projections of climate change. In a departure from the organisation of the SAR, the assessment of regional inform ...
... climate change experiments, factors that contribute to the response of those models, changes in variability and changes in extremes. Section 9.4 is a synthesis of our assessment of model projections of climate change. In a departure from the organisation of the SAR, the assessment of regional inform ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 FIRST-‐ORDER DRAFT Expert Review
... of considering the mechanisms behind ecoogical change and have mechanisms to explain specie-‐specific responses, I appreciated chap 6 very much. It is the first time, finally, that I read a report not ...
... of considering the mechanisms behind ecoogical change and have mechanisms to explain specie-‐specific responses, I appreciated chap 6 very much. It is the first time, finally, that I read a report not ...
2.0 Climate Change: Scenarios for the Indian Ocean Territories
... Climate change is not likely to threaten the culture and traditions of the communities. However it is clear that cultural values, religion and belief systems in the IOT can and will potentially influence their responses to climate and climate change as well as their responses to mitigation and adapt ...
... Climate change is not likely to threaten the culture and traditions of the communities. However it is clear that cultural values, religion and belief systems in the IOT can and will potentially influence their responses to climate and climate change as well as their responses to mitigation and adapt ...
A simple carbon cycle representation for
... (See e.g. Goodess et al, 2003). Care must be taken however to ensure that simplifications do not produce inaccurate behavior that can affect damage estimates. Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linear ...
... (See e.g. Goodess et al, 2003). Care must be taken however to ensure that simplifications do not produce inaccurate behavior that can affect damage estimates. Many simple IAMs use a linearized representation of ocean carbon uptake (for review, see Hof et al, 2012; van Vuuren et al, 2011), but linear ...
weather and climate: engaging youth
... the rate of global warming; without this ocean sink, atmospheric CO2 levels would already be greater than 450 ppm. However, the continuation of such a fundamental and rapid change to ocean chemistry is likely to be bad news for life in the sea; it will not only cause problems for many organisms with ...
... the rate of global warming; without this ocean sink, atmospheric CO2 levels would already be greater than 450 ppm. However, the continuation of such a fundamental and rapid change to ocean chemistry is likely to be bad news for life in the sea; it will not only cause problems for many organisms with ...
U. S. Senate Minority Report:
... research by Australian climate data analyst John McLean revealed that the IPCC's peerreview process for the Summary for Policymakers leaves much to be desired. (LINK) (LINK) & (LINK) (Note: The 52 scientists who participated in the 2007 IPCC Summary for Policymakers had to adhere to the wishes of th ...
... research by Australian climate data analyst John McLean revealed that the IPCC's peerreview process for the Summary for Policymakers leaves much to be desired. (LINK) (LINK) & (LINK) (Note: The 52 scientists who participated in the 2007 IPCC Summary for Policymakers had to adhere to the wishes of th ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: South Korea
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
Article - Biogeosciences
... over the period of observation. Nevertheless, distinguishing the effects of climate variability and functional change on IAV of the carbon balance at a specific stage of an ecosystem is of interest. It allows the evaluation of the necessity of incorporating functional change modules into mechanistic ...
... over the period of observation. Nevertheless, distinguishing the effects of climate variability and functional change on IAV of the carbon balance at a specific stage of an ecosystem is of interest. It allows the evaluation of the necessity of incorporating functional change modules into mechanistic ...
Impact of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet interactions on climate
... where it affects ice sheet dynamics. It enables ice sheets to depress the underlying bed, which can increase their volume by 25–30% for the same surface elevation. The bedrock adjustment model consists of a viscous asthenosphere, described by a single isostatic relaxation time, which underlies a rig ...
... where it affects ice sheet dynamics. It enables ice sheets to depress the underlying bed, which can increase their volume by 25–30% for the same surface elevation. The bedrock adjustment model consists of a viscous asthenosphere, described by a single isostatic relaxation time, which underlies a rig ...
A Review of Drought in the Middle East and Southwest Asia
... often much larger. Most of the highest values are in regions with little to no precipitation or at ...
... often much larger. Most of the highest values are in regions with little to no precipitation or at ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.