Impact of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet interactions on climate
... where it affects ice sheet dynamics. It enables ice sheets to depress the underlying bed, which can increase their volume by 25–30% for the same surface elevation. The bedrock adjustment model consists of a viscous asthenosphere, described by a single isostatic relaxation time, which underlies a rig ...
... where it affects ice sheet dynamics. It enables ice sheets to depress the underlying bed, which can increase their volume by 25–30% for the same surface elevation. The bedrock adjustment model consists of a viscous asthenosphere, described by a single isostatic relaxation time, which underlies a rig ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEMPERATURE, HUMAN HEALTH, AND ADAPTATION:
... degrees of interval validity. Whether or not these studies are externally valid to make projections of impacts due to permanent climate change is clearly more questionable. At the very least, economic theory suggests that these impacts derived from short‐run fl ...
... degrees of interval validity. Whether or not these studies are externally valid to make projections of impacts due to permanent climate change is clearly more questionable. At the very least, economic theory suggests that these impacts derived from short‐run fl ...
vulnerability analysis to climate change in the caribbean belize
... fuel discharge areas, roads and airports – all of key importance to the three national economies. ...
... fuel discharge areas, roads and airports – all of key importance to the three national economies. ...
Global Climate Projections
... multi-model AOGCM mean warming simulated for a given scenario. The greater uncertainty at higher values results in part from uncertainties in the carbon cycle feedbacks. The multimodel mean SAT warming and associated uncertainty ranges for 2090 to 2099 relative to 1980 to 1999 are B1: +1.8°C (1.1°C ...
... multi-model AOGCM mean warming simulated for a given scenario. The greater uncertainty at higher values results in part from uncertainties in the carbon cycle feedbacks. The multimodel mean SAT warming and associated uncertainty ranges for 2090 to 2099 relative to 1980 to 1999 are B1: +1.8°C (1.1°C ...
Assessment of the Effects of Large- scale Climate Oscillations on the
... Evidence of the positive IPO regime can be seen in reduced Bay of Plenty rainfall totals during the end of the 20th century. These changes are also reflected in decreased flood flows. Similarly, the shorter term ENSO cycle was found to impact Bay of Plenty rainfall and river flow. La Niña conditions ...
... Evidence of the positive IPO regime can be seen in reduced Bay of Plenty rainfall totals during the end of the 20th century. These changes are also reflected in decreased flood flows. Similarly, the shorter term ENSO cycle was found to impact Bay of Plenty rainfall and river flow. La Niña conditions ...
High-latitude cooling associated with landscape
... and severity by the end of the 21st century, due primarily to longer growing seasons and exacerbated mid-summer drought. Studies using fire weather indices or statistical relationships between burn area and climate variables from climate models generally predict increases in burn area on the order o ...
... and severity by the end of the 21st century, due primarily to longer growing seasons and exacerbated mid-summer drought. Studies using fire weather indices or statistical relationships between burn area and climate variables from climate models generally predict increases in burn area on the order o ...
Climate change during the last 150 million years: reconstruction
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
... both the past 100 Ma [3,4,9,15,16] and the Phanerozoic [5–7]. This indicates a significant role of the carbon cycle on the long-term climate change. The middle to Late Cretaceous is known to have been one of the warmest periods during the Phanerozoic: the average global temperature was probably >6ºC ...
Predicting the sensitivity of butterfly phenology to temperature over
... date for each species in each location for each year. Since the majority of median estimates were based on 1–2 records (90%), it is not known, for those species with multiple yearly generations (n = 83), which generation these record(s) were a part of. This likely reduced the precision of our estima ...
... date for each species in each location for each year. Since the majority of median estimates were based on 1–2 records (90%), it is not known, for those species with multiple yearly generations (n = 83), which generation these record(s) were a part of. This likely reduced the precision of our estima ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Plant Growth, Ecosystem Services
... 2008). Even though plants have their own natural mechanisms to tolerate some level of adverse conditions, physiological responses of forest (plants) under climate change condition are highly determined by the limiting factors of a particular site of forest growth. For example, increasing ...
... 2008). Even though plants have their own natural mechanisms to tolerate some level of adverse conditions, physiological responses of forest (plants) under climate change condition are highly determined by the limiting factors of a particular site of forest growth. For example, increasing ...
Extreme Events
... These increases vary seasonally, with particularly large changes in late summer and autumn in the east of Tasmania, and increases in the north and west across the majority of seasons. The projected increase in 1‑day rainfall totals show similarity to the spatial pattern to the projected increase in ...
... These increases vary seasonally, with particularly large changes in late summer and autumn in the east of Tasmania, and increases in the north and west across the majority of seasons. The projected increase in 1‑day rainfall totals show similarity to the spatial pattern to the projected increase in ...
- Wiley Online Library
... 2007). Hence, with its earlier and more intense warming, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau serves as a sensitive indicator of regional and global climate change (Li & Fang, 1999). The future projections based on the IPCC global climate models clearly indicate that the warming trend on the plateau will con ...
... 2007). Hence, with its earlier and more intense warming, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau serves as a sensitive indicator of regional and global climate change (Li & Fang, 1999). The future projections based on the IPCC global climate models clearly indicate that the warming trend on the plateau will con ...
Background Report on ICTs and Climate Change
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
as a PDF
... 10been an unprecedented increase in the number of bathing infections that have been associated with 11warm water Vibrio species. For example, during the hot summer of 2006 wound infections linked to 12contact with Baltic and North Sea waters were reported from Germany (V. vulnificus) (Frank et al., ...
... 10been an unprecedented increase in the number of bathing infections that have been associated with 11warm water Vibrio species. For example, during the hot summer of 2006 wound infections linked to 12contact with Baltic and North Sea waters were reported from Germany (V. vulnificus) (Frank et al., ...
2015 Issue - Northwest Climate Science Center
... to help land managers develop adaptation strategies. Managers at North Cascades National Park have already employed the project’s results into their management practice for dealing with introduced fish species. The study is also being expanded into the Midwest, focusing on Indiana and Illinois’ Kank ...
... to help land managers develop adaptation strategies. Managers at North Cascades National Park have already employed the project’s results into their management practice for dealing with introduced fish species. The study is also being expanded into the Midwest, focusing on Indiana and Illinois’ Kank ...
North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the
... 1997; Timmermann et al. 2005a). It is suggested that the intermediate/deep water formation tends to resume in the North Pacific when the Atlantic MOC is suppressed (Saenko et al. 2004; Timmermann et al. 2005b; Krebs and Timmermann 2007; Mikolajewicz et al. 2007). This interbasin seesaw may explain t ...
... 1997; Timmermann et al. 2005a). It is suggested that the intermediate/deep water formation tends to resume in the North Pacific when the Atlantic MOC is suppressed (Saenko et al. 2004; Timmermann et al. 2005b; Krebs and Timmermann 2007; Mikolajewicz et al. 2007). This interbasin seesaw may explain t ...
Chapter 4: Traditional Ricardian Method and
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
... climate such as wind speed or sunlight but one must be careful about variables such as evapotranspiration that already reflect precipitation and temperature to avoid double counting effects. ...
Public Understanding of Climate Change in the United States
... Intrinsically Difficult to Understand Some fundamental attributes of climate change make it hard to understand.5 The main causes of climate change (greenhouse gases) are invisible, its impacts are geographically and temporally distant for most Americans, and, as discussed below, its signals are hard ...
... Intrinsically Difficult to Understand Some fundamental attributes of climate change make it hard to understand.5 The main causes of climate change (greenhouse gases) are invisible, its impacts are geographically and temporally distant for most Americans, and, as discussed below, its signals are hard ...
Predicting population consequences of ocean climate
... (White & Burnham, 1999) using live resighting data of marked individuals. Recapture probability was used as an estimate of breeding probability (i.e. the proportion of a population attempting to reproduce in a given year). All individuals were marked as chicks at 20–30 days of age. The first capture ...
... (White & Burnham, 1999) using live resighting data of marked individuals. Recapture probability was used as an estimate of breeding probability (i.e. the proportion of a population attempting to reproduce in a given year). All individuals were marked as chicks at 20–30 days of age. The first capture ...
Dynamic Coasts in a Changing Climate
... to very low energy, ice-locked, sedimentary coasts in the northwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. They include deeply indented fiord topography, cliffs cut in bedrock or glacial/proglacial deposits, beaches, spits and barrier islands, dunes, salt marshes and tidal flats, ice-rich permafrost coasts ...
... to very low energy, ice-locked, sedimentary coasts in the northwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. They include deeply indented fiord topography, cliffs cut in bedrock or glacial/proglacial deposits, beaches, spits and barrier islands, dunes, salt marshes and tidal flats, ice-rich permafrost coasts ...
Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
... for transportation, as a repository of genetic and biological information, and as sinks for wastes. These functions are shared by the coastal margins of the oceans. Approximately 20% of the world’s human population live within 30 km of the sea, and nearly double that number live within the nearest 1 ...
... for transportation, as a repository of genetic and biological information, and as sinks for wastes. These functions are shared by the coastal margins of the oceans. Approximately 20% of the world’s human population live within 30 km of the sea, and nearly double that number live within the nearest 1 ...
Vulnerability to climate change and adaptation strategies of local
... While data on temperatures show significant changes, long-term precipitation trends are more difficult to identify and predict. McSweeney et al. (2012) found no statistically significant trends in precipitation. The future predictions of annual rainfall show no substantial change, but it is predicte ...
... While data on temperatures show significant changes, long-term precipitation trends are more difficult to identify and predict. McSweeney et al. (2012) found no statistically significant trends in precipitation. The future predictions of annual rainfall show no substantial change, but it is predicte ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: Saudi Arabia
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
... climate has changed and will continue to change in future in response to human activities. Across the world, this is already being felt as changes to the local weather that people experience every day. Our ability to provide useful information to help everyone understand how their environment has ch ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.