This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
... Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A. Supplementary data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A. Supplementary data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Historical and Idealized Climate Model Experiments: An EMIC
... community contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Historical simulations start at 850 CE and continue through to 2005. The standard simulations include changes in forcing from solar luminosity, Earth’s orbital configuration, CO2, additional greenhouse g ...
... community contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Historical simulations start at 850 CE and continue through to 2005. The standard simulations include changes in forcing from solar luminosity, Earth’s orbital configuration, CO2, additional greenhouse g ...
SEMIQUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL CLIMATE
... The decision to choose the indicators listed in Table II was made from a pragmatic (data availability) as well as from a systematic point of view (importance of sectors). NRW is densely populated and the federal state with the highest economic power in Germany. This is taken into account by the over ...
... The decision to choose the indicators listed in Table II was made from a pragmatic (data availability) as well as from a systematic point of view (importance of sectors). NRW is densely populated and the federal state with the highest economic power in Germany. This is taken into account by the over ...
PDF
... and governments need to come to the process with clear understanding and agreement regarding their respective roles and responsibilities. One approach could be for governments to pose clear formulations of policy-relevant questions to authors at the earliest stage. These questions could be responded ...
... and governments need to come to the process with clear understanding and agreement regarding their respective roles and responsibilities. One approach could be for governments to pose clear formulations of policy-relevant questions to authors at the earliest stage. These questions could be responded ...
An Examination of the Factors Affecting Relative and Absolute Sea
... processes. While the general nature of these factors is well-understood, the details are not. As indicated in this report, even estimates of past sea level rise for the past few decades are relatively poorly constrained. Without a much improved comprehension of the many processes and their feedbacks ...
... processes. While the general nature of these factors is well-understood, the details are not. As indicated in this report, even estimates of past sea level rise for the past few decades are relatively poorly constrained. Without a much improved comprehension of the many processes and their feedbacks ...
Combined speeds of climate and land
... (Fig. 2). Interestingly, the directional effects of high cropland demand on land-use speed varied by region, with land-use speeds increasing in New England (with more forest to cropland conversion) and decreasing in the upper midwest (slower rates of urbanization). At a continental scale, speeds wer ...
... (Fig. 2). Interestingly, the directional effects of high cropland demand on land-use speed varied by region, with land-use speeds increasing in New England (with more forest to cropland conversion) and decreasing in the upper midwest (slower rates of urbanization). At a continental scale, speeds wer ...
Now You “Sea” Ice, Now You Don`t
... ISBN 978-1-933531-23-6 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
... ISBN 978-1-933531-23-6 1. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary) 2. Human ecology--Study and teaching (Secondary) 3. Climatic changes--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Activity programs. I. Sandro, Luke H. II. Lee, Richard E. III. Title. QC981.8.C5C697 2008 577.2’20712--dc22 ...
early human health effects of climate change and stratospheric
... About this book The agenda for action on environment and health in Europe for the beginning of the next century will be defined at the Third Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in London, June 1999. This background document has been prepared by the Working Group on the Early Human Heal ...
... About this book The agenda for action on environment and health in Europe for the beginning of the next century will be defined at the Third Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in London, June 1999. This background document has been prepared by the Working Group on the Early Human Heal ...
Recent developments on the South American monsoon system
... As much of this study relies on observational data, it is relevant to note that station precipitation data are not well distributed over South America, being particularly sparse in the central continent and more abundant in the east. Besides, long time series of station data are few. These drawbacks ...
... As much of this study relies on observational data, it is relevant to note that station precipitation data are not well distributed over South America, being particularly sparse in the central continent and more abundant in the east. Besides, long time series of station data are few. These drawbacks ...
How climate adaptation in cities creates a resilient place for
... by others. These efforts to understand and reduce climate risks improve the cities’ economic competitiveness. The city of Oslo, for example, reports, “[w]e estimate Oslo is relatively resilient compared with other Norwegian cities. This could then make Oslo more attractive for business settlement.” ...
... by others. These efforts to understand and reduce climate risks improve the cities’ economic competitiveness. The city of Oslo, for example, reports, “[w]e estimate Oslo is relatively resilient compared with other Norwegian cities. This could then make Oslo more attractive for business settlement.” ...
Planning for climate change impacts on hydropower in the Far North
... southern half of the state between 1980 and 2008, though few regions show any statistical significance. These authors also reviewed more than a dozen other studies on precipitation trend analyses in Alaska and showed that results are entirely dependent on the sites used and the period of time select ...
... southern half of the state between 1980 and 2008, though few regions show any statistical significance. These authors also reviewed more than a dozen other studies on precipitation trend analyses in Alaska and showed that results are entirely dependent on the sites used and the period of time select ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making:
... Circulation Models (GCMs, also known as global climate models) outputs focus mostly on changes to temperature and precipitation rather than specific impacts relevant to people; and 3) almost all of the climate change information available is stored in difficult to access formats based on. Climate mo ...
... Circulation Models (GCMs, also known as global climate models) outputs focus mostly on changes to temperature and precipitation rather than specific impacts relevant to people; and 3) almost all of the climate change information available is stored in difficult to access formats based on. Climate mo ...
- NERC Open Research Archive
... Burn et al. 2012). The detailed statistical issues are not addressed here; rather, it is important to note several general points, which should be considered in assessing the evidence for climate-driven changes in UK river flows. Kundzewicz and Robson (2004) recommend 50 years to detect a climate-dr ...
... Burn et al. 2012). The detailed statistical issues are not addressed here; rather, it is important to note several general points, which should be considered in assessing the evidence for climate-driven changes in UK river flows. Kundzewicz and Robson (2004) recommend 50 years to detect a climate-dr ...
A climate change report card for water Working Technical Paper a review
... Burn et al. 2012). The detailed statistical issues are not addressed here; rather, it is important to note several general points, which should be considered in assessing the evidence for climate-driven changes in UK river flows. Kundzewicz and Robson (2004) recommend 50 years to detect a climate-dr ...
... Burn et al. 2012). The detailed statistical issues are not addressed here; rather, it is important to note several general points, which should be considered in assessing the evidence for climate-driven changes in UK river flows. Kundzewicz and Robson (2004) recommend 50 years to detect a climate-dr ...
the impact of climate change on the development - UN
... Session held at Marrakesh from 20 October to 10 November 2001, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a02.pdf ...
... Session held at Marrakesh from 20 October to 10 November 2001, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a02.pdf ...
A Framework for the Development of New Socio
... and adaptation. Over the last several decades, the climate change research community has produced two widely-used sets of scenarios. The development of a new scenario set is now underway. This volume reports on a novel and central component of this effort – the development of shared socio-economic d ...
... and adaptation. Over the last several decades, the climate change research community has produced two widely-used sets of scenarios. The development of a new scenario set is now underway. This volume reports on a novel and central component of this effort – the development of shared socio-economic d ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
... Table 3.1: Climate change and related factors relevant to global agricultural production ........................ 18 Table 3.2: Share of agricultural employment in total employment (2000)............................................... 19 Table 3.3: Summary of Caribbean agricultural exports by countr ...
... Table 3.1: Climate change and related factors relevant to global agricultural production ........................ 18 Table 3.2: Share of agricultural employment in total employment (2000)............................................... 19 Table 3.3: Summary of Caribbean agricultural exports by countr ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... indicate that the general spatial patterns of warming and precipitation are similar for the other SRES scenarios, with a 30% difference in warming relative to A1B depending on the scenario (B1 coolest, A2 warmest). The trends are roughly linear in time, so that the results in Fig. 3 can be interpol ...
... indicate that the general spatial patterns of warming and precipitation are similar for the other SRES scenarios, with a 30% difference in warming relative to A1B depending on the scenario (B1 coolest, A2 warmest). The trends are roughly linear in time, so that the results in Fig. 3 can be interpol ...
Effect of climate change on air quality
... indicate that the general spatial patterns of warming and precipitation are similar for the other SRES scenarios, with a 30% difference in warming relative to A1B depending on the scenario (B1 coolest, A2 warmest). The trends are roughly linear in time, so that the results in Fig. 3 can be interpol ...
... indicate that the general spatial patterns of warming and precipitation are similar for the other SRES scenarios, with a 30% difference in warming relative to A1B depending on the scenario (B1 coolest, A2 warmest). The trends are roughly linear in time, so that the results in Fig. 3 can be interpol ...
CIRES-Climate Change - Colorado Water Conservation Board
... warming, Governor Ritter issued the Colorado Climate Action Plan (CCAP) in 2007. The CCAP sets out a goal to prepare the state to adapt to those climate changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources t ...
... warming, Governor Ritter issued the Colorado Climate Action Plan (CCAP) in 2007. The CCAP sets out a goal to prepare the state to adapt to those climate changes “that cannot be avoided” (CCAP 2007, p. 3). Recommendations in the CCAP include assessing the vulnerability of Colorado’s water resources t ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.