Arctic Climate Issues 2014: Short-Lived Climate
... Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since preindustrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as large as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arctic warmi ...
... Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since preindustrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as large as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arctic warmi ...
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... where production and export potential could be reduced. At the same time, more frequent extreme weather patterns can also adversely impact trade by disrupting transportation, supply chains and logistics. While global markets can play a stabilizing role for prices and supplies, and provide alternativ ...
... where production and export potential could be reduced. At the same time, more frequent extreme weather patterns can also adversely impact trade by disrupting transportation, supply chains and logistics. While global markets can play a stabilizing role for prices and supplies, and provide alternativ ...
Climate Change and US Agriculture
... This report explores some of the impacts that climate change, with warmer and more variable weather, may have on agriculture in the United States. Its aim is to elucidate how warmer temperatures and an increase in extreme weather events (including spells of very high temperatures, torrential rains a ...
... This report explores some of the impacts that climate change, with warmer and more variable weather, may have on agriculture in the United States. Its aim is to elucidate how warmer temperatures and an increase in extreme weather events (including spells of very high temperatures, torrential rains a ...
UNITED NATIONS ENVRIONMENT PROGRAM
... main dimensions: social wellbeing, economic development, and environmental protection. Further, the World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere resulted in the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, which was tasked with gathering date and reporting on climate chan ...
... main dimensions: social wellbeing, economic development, and environmental protection. Further, the World Conference on the Changing Atmosphere resulted in the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, which was tasked with gathering date and reporting on climate chan ...
Are there pre-Quaternary geological analogues for a future
... the principle be reversed and extended so that the past becomes the key to the future? The search for geological analogues for future climate change is not new, but what is new is a realization that, given current and projected levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we must travel far into th ...
... the principle be reversed and extended so that the past becomes the key to the future? The search for geological analogues for future climate change is not new, but what is new is a realization that, given current and projected levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we must travel far into th ...
Species-specific responses of an alpine plant community
... above the ground by ca. 1.5°C, and soil temperature ca. 5 cm below ground by ca. 1°C (Klanderud & Totland 2005a), which is a conservative increase compared to the predicted warming of ca. 3 °C within 2100 in this area (Anon. 2007). To increase soil nutrient availability, we added slow release granul ...
... above the ground by ca. 1.5°C, and soil temperature ca. 5 cm below ground by ca. 1°C (Klanderud & Totland 2005a), which is a conservative increase compared to the predicted warming of ca. 3 °C within 2100 in this area (Anon. 2007). To increase soil nutrient availability, we added slow release granul ...
Text - American Meteorological Society
... Some common features of changing variability have emerged in the literature. On interannual time scales there is evidence of decreasing variability of winter mean temperatures and increasing variability of summer mean temperatures in Europe (Rowell 2005; Scherrer et al. 2005). Gregory and Mitchell ( ...
... Some common features of changing variability have emerged in the literature. On interannual time scales there is evidence of decreasing variability of winter mean temperatures and increasing variability of summer mean temperatures in Europe (Rowell 2005; Scherrer et al. 2005). Gregory and Mitchell ( ...
Sea Ice–Albedo Feedback and Nonlinear Arctic Climate Change
... But it is unlikely that atmospheric heat transport would not respond to changes in shortwave absorption. The region north of 70°N receives more energy from the atmospheric transport than it absorbs from the Sun, and together they make up nearly all of the OLR; the surface flux is small [Serreze and ...
... But it is unlikely that atmospheric heat transport would not respond to changes in shortwave absorption. The region north of 70°N receives more energy from the atmospheric transport than it absorbs from the Sun, and together they make up nearly all of the OLR; the surface flux is small [Serreze and ...
Dynamic Earth - The State Museum of Pennsylvania
... is broken down into simpler forms by decomposers. In the ocean, waste and dead organisms rain down on the sea bottom, where they are incorporated into ocean sediments. Through heat and pressure, the sediments lithify and the carbon is locked up in rock. In rock, carbon can be removed from active cyc ...
... is broken down into simpler forms by decomposers. In the ocean, waste and dead organisms rain down on the sea bottom, where they are incorporated into ocean sediments. Through heat and pressure, the sediments lithify and the carbon is locked up in rock. In rock, carbon can be removed from active cyc ...
Attributing regional trends of evapotranspiration and gross primary
... into the atmospheric boundary layer (Ozdogan and Salvucci, 2004). Burn and Hesch (2007) revealed that decreasing wind speed and raised water vapour deficit responded to the trend of ETp in the Canadian Prairies. On a large scale, precipitation is usually the principal factor determining actual ET ch ...
... into the atmospheric boundary layer (Ozdogan and Salvucci, 2004). Burn and Hesch (2007) revealed that decreasing wind speed and raised water vapour deficit responded to the trend of ETp in the Canadian Prairies. On a large scale, precipitation is usually the principal factor determining actual ET ch ...
chapter
... genetic and an empirical approach, which allows description of the climatic regions and also provides information as to why such climates are found where they occur. One empirical classification system, published by C. W. Thornthwaite in 1948, identified moisture regions using the water-budget appro ...
... genetic and an empirical approach, which allows description of the climatic regions and also provides information as to why such climates are found where they occur. One empirical classification system, published by C. W. Thornthwaite in 1948, identified moisture regions using the water-budget appro ...
Implementation Plan for the AMY modeling activity
... – Extreme event projection and evaluation and reduction of uncertainty in global warming projection – Prediction and evaluatation of disaster environment – Assessment climate-change impacts on flood risk and its reduction measures on global and local scales ...
... – Extreme event projection and evaluation and reduction of uncertainty in global warming projection – Prediction and evaluatation of disaster environment – Assessment climate-change impacts on flood risk and its reduction measures on global and local scales ...
Belanger OLLI week4 slides - Denver Climate Study Group
... Glacial-interglacial change. Over the course of the past 24,000 years, CO2 concentrations have risen (black curve) (1) as Earth emerged from glaciation, as shown by climate records from Greenland and Antarctica (blue curves) (14, 15). Schmitt et al. (2) report a record of the change in the 13C/12C ...
... Glacial-interglacial change. Over the course of the past 24,000 years, CO2 concentrations have risen (black curve) (1) as Earth emerged from glaciation, as shown by climate records from Greenland and Antarctica (blue curves) (14, 15). Schmitt et al. (2) report a record of the change in the 13C/12C ...
Young People`s Burden: Requirement of Negative CO2 Emissions
... asked the Court to dismiss the case, in part based on the argument that the requested rate of fossil fuel emissions reduction was implausible. Magistrate Judge Coffin stated that he was “troubled” by the severity of the requested emissions reduction rate, but he also noted that some of the alleged c ...
... asked the Court to dismiss the case, in part based on the argument that the requested rate of fossil fuel emissions reduction was implausible. Magistrate Judge Coffin stated that he was “troubled” by the severity of the requested emissions reduction rate, but he also noted that some of the alleged c ...
Eyring_CCMValOverview_SPARCSSG_091028
... • Ch.6: Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles • Ch.7: Clouds and aerosols • Ch.8: Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing • Ch.9: Evaluation of climate models • Ch.10: Detection and attribution of climate change: from global to regional • Ch.11: Near-term climate change: projections and predict ...
... • Ch.6: Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles • Ch.7: Clouds and aerosols • Ch.8: Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing • Ch.9: Evaluation of climate models • Ch.10: Detection and attribution of climate change: from global to regional • Ch.11: Near-term climate change: projections and predict ...
Robust Bayesian Uncertainty Analysis of Climate System Properties
... make the application of rigorous statistical methods possible, while they are still able to reproduce the mean climate characteristics on a global scale. Furthermore, due to the simplified nature of such models, modelindependent climate system properties, such as the climate sensitivity, can be trea ...
... make the application of rigorous statistical methods possible, while they are still able to reproduce the mean climate characteristics on a global scale. Furthermore, due to the simplified nature of such models, modelindependent climate system properties, such as the climate sensitivity, can be trea ...
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
... chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functioning of the Earth System. These unintended consequences on the global life support system that underpins the rapidly expanding human enterprise lie at the heart o ...
... chemicals are strong evidence that humanity can overwhelm important chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the functioning of the Earth System. These unintended consequences on the global life support system that underpins the rapidly expanding human enterprise lie at the heart o ...
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration
... The topic of the possible effects of climate change on migration has gained considerable prominence in recent years (McAdam, 2010a). The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC - a group of prominent climate scientists) has predicted that global warming will lead to an increasing frequency and s ...
... The topic of the possible effects of climate change on migration has gained considerable prominence in recent years (McAdam, 2010a). The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC - a group of prominent climate scientists) has predicted that global warming will lead to an increasing frequency and s ...
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Migration and
... The topic of the possible effects of climate change on migration has gained considerable prominence in recent years (McAdam, 2010a). The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC - a group of prominent climate scientists) has predicted that global warming will lead to an increasing frequency and s ...
... The topic of the possible effects of climate change on migration has gained considerable prominence in recent years (McAdam, 2010a). The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC - a group of prominent climate scientists) has predicted that global warming will lead to an increasing frequency and s ...
Annex B. Glossary of Terms
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
... precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. Climate change Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period ( ...
Modeled current and future soil thermal regime for northeast Canada
... JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, D18111, doi:10.1029/2005JD007027, 2006 ...
... JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, D18111, doi:10.1029/2005JD007027, 2006 ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.