Ocean-Based Food Security Threatened in a High CO2 World
... acidification, its dependence on and consumption of fish and seafood and its level of adaptive capacity based on several socioeconomic factors. Country rankings are developed for risks from climate change and ocean acidification independently, as well as from both problems combined. Fish and seafood ...
... acidification, its dependence on and consumption of fish and seafood and its level of adaptive capacity based on several socioeconomic factors. Country rankings are developed for risks from climate change and ocean acidification independently, as well as from both problems combined. Fish and seafood ...
Climate-biosphere interactions on glacial
... climate change. Typical estimates for climate sensitivity to increased CO2 would attribute about 2C of the 6 C glacial-interglacial temperature change to different greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ), 2001]. The remainder of the warming was due to a de ...
... climate change. Typical estimates for climate sensitivity to increased CO2 would attribute about 2C of the 6 C glacial-interglacial temperature change to different greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ), 2001]. The remainder of the warming was due to a de ...
Prospectus for Future Research: Temperature Effects
... condition, algae are still susceptible to changes in the environment, and it is important to understand how the environment plays a role on their regulation processes and survival. Green macroalgae, are important components of ecosystems. Green macroalgae are large photosynthetic algae such as seawe ...
... condition, algae are still susceptible to changes in the environment, and it is important to understand how the environment plays a role on their regulation processes and survival. Green macroalgae, are important components of ecosystems. Green macroalgae are large photosynthetic algae such as seawe ...
Climate change, land use patterns and deforestation in Brazil
... How do deforestation patterns respond to climate change? For the moment, researchers have focused their attention on how human behavior is likely to influence land cover change and how various future land use scenarios will affect regional climate. Since deforestation is a main source of carbon diox ...
... How do deforestation patterns respond to climate change? For the moment, researchers have focused their attention on how human behavior is likely to influence land cover change and how various future land use scenarios will affect regional climate. Since deforestation is a main source of carbon diox ...
Climatic warming destabilizes forest ant communities
... At each site, nine chambers were warmed in increments of 0.5°C from 1.5° to 5.5°C above ambient temperature; three additional chambers had forced air, but no heat, and a final three chamberless controls had no forced air and no heat (Fig. 1, A and B). The open-top chambers were also open at the bott ...
... At each site, nine chambers were warmed in increments of 0.5°C from 1.5° to 5.5°C above ambient temperature; three additional chambers had forced air, but no heat, and a final three chamberless controls had no forced air and no heat (Fig. 1, A and B). The open-top chambers were also open at the bott ...
Climate Change: Implications For Defence
... There are concerns that tensions will increase due to climate-driven water variability in the transboundary drainage systems linked to the vast Tibetan Plateau in central Asia, where rivers supply more than one billion people with water. Climate change is expected to alter the dynamics of water runo ...
... There are concerns that tensions will increase due to climate-driven water variability in the transboundary drainage systems linked to the vast Tibetan Plateau in central Asia, where rivers supply more than one billion people with water. Climate change is expected to alter the dynamics of water runo ...
Robustness of pattern scaled climate change scenarios for adaptation decision support
... The extent to which these limitations impose any constraint on the use of pattern scaling to estimate changes in climatic risks for decision support is discussed in section 3. Meanwhile, in the remaining of this section the plausibility of three basic assumptions that should be satisfied for the patt ...
... The extent to which these limitations impose any constraint on the use of pattern scaling to estimate changes in climatic risks for decision support is discussed in section 3. Meanwhile, in the remaining of this section the plausibility of three basic assumptions that should be satisfied for the patt ...
Research priorities in land use and land
... the consequences of the overall evolution of the Earth system in a more comprehensive and sophisticated way than previously imagined. To some degree, the realization that a major link between human and physical systems is through the carbon cycle is compelling both communities to examine each other’ ...
... the consequences of the overall evolution of the Earth system in a more comprehensive and sophisticated way than previously imagined. To some degree, the realization that a major link between human and physical systems is through the carbon cycle is compelling both communities to examine each other’ ...
Future change of the Indian Ocean basin
... Indian Ocean is anomalously positive to the west reduced. This differential heating is related to a persistent shoaling of the thermocline in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (Alory et al. 2007; Tokinaga et al. 2012), which in turn leads to strengthening of IOD by enhancing thermocline feedback d ...
... Indian Ocean is anomalously positive to the west reduced. This differential heating is related to a persistent shoaling of the thermocline in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (Alory et al. 2007; Tokinaga et al. 2012), which in turn leads to strengthening of IOD by enhancing thermocline feedback d ...
(Michael Oppenheimer) (January 2014)
... 1997 Measuring time in the greenhouse: an editorial essay (with B. C. O’Neill and S. R. Gaffin). Climatic Change, 37, 491. 1998 Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature, 393, ...
... 1997 Measuring time in the greenhouse: an editorial essay (with B. C. O’Neill and S. R. Gaffin). Climatic Change, 37, 491. 1998 Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature, 393, ...
Extreme Events and Disasters are the Biggest Threat to Taiwan
... north to the south part of Taiwan and has been one of the major reasons for the seasonal precipitation distribution. During wintertime, the prevailing northeast wind results in precipitation in the windward side, i.e., the north and the northeast of Taiwan. In summer, southwest Taiwan becomes the ma ...
... north to the south part of Taiwan and has been one of the major reasons for the seasonal precipitation distribution. During wintertime, the prevailing northeast wind results in precipitation in the windward side, i.e., the north and the northeast of Taiwan. In summer, southwest Taiwan becomes the ma ...
Progress in Oceanography
... Weaver and Hillaire-Marcel, 2004). Therefore, detection and monitoring climate change of the Arctic have become a very important and active area of research in recent years (e.g. Rothrock et al., 1999; Hilmer and Lemke, 2000; Hansen et al., 2001; Peterson et al., 2002; Dickson et al., 2002; Curry et ...
... Weaver and Hillaire-Marcel, 2004). Therefore, detection and monitoring climate change of the Arctic have become a very important and active area of research in recent years (e.g. Rothrock et al., 1999; Hilmer and Lemke, 2000; Hansen et al., 2001; Peterson et al., 2002; Dickson et al., 2002; Curry et ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... because they are not strongly dependent on future emissions. In addition, on average, the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events over land will likely increase over much of the world (Supplementary Section 4.2). A reduction in return period for historical once-in-20-year precipitation ...
... because they are not strongly dependent on future emissions. In addition, on average, the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation events over land will likely increase over much of the world (Supplementary Section 4.2). A reduction in return period for historical once-in-20-year precipitation ...
An Eclectic and Incomplete Bibliography on Climate Change and
... EcoAmerica (climate change communication) http://ecoamerica.org/research/) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 6th assessment cycle, https://www.ipcc.ch/. During this cycle, the Panel will produce three Special Reports, a Methodology Report on national greenhouse gas inventories and th ...
... EcoAmerica (climate change communication) http://ecoamerica.org/research/) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 6th assessment cycle, https://www.ipcc.ch/. During this cycle, the Panel will produce three Special Reports, a Methodology Report on national greenhouse gas inventories and th ...
4b. GCOS-indicators_WDAC6 - World Climate Research Programme
... Ø For historic indicators, global indicators make sense. However, for the future ones, data should be more local and relevant. Local is important as it focusses on the population’s concerns and so attracts people’s attention. While the input may be global, the use is local. ...
... Ø For historic indicators, global indicators make sense. However, for the future ones, data should be more local and relevant. Local is important as it focusses on the population’s concerns and so attracts people’s attention. While the input may be global, the use is local. ...
P:\10 Publications\Books\Why Scientists Disagree\Second Edition\(6
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
... and its impacts on sea-level rise, ice melts, glacial retreats, impact on crop production, extreme weather events, rainfall changes, etc. have not properly considered factors such as physical impacts of human activities, natural variability in climate, lopsided models used in the prediction of produ ...
2014 Energy and Climate Outlook
... hitting cumulative emissions levels that the IPCC Working Group I shows to be consistent with a 50% chance of holding temperature increase to less than 2°C. ...
... hitting cumulative emissions levels that the IPCC Working Group I shows to be consistent with a 50% chance of holding temperature increase to less than 2°C. ...
3.1.13 Caspian Sea level fluctuations as a consequence of regional
... external factors such as solar radiation or absorbing gas concentration is known, it is a major task to translate such changes into an accurate assessment of the resulting climate change. This difficulty occurs primarily because the terrestrial climate system can respond to the imposed changes by re ...
... external factors such as solar radiation or absorbing gas concentration is known, it is a major task to translate such changes into an accurate assessment of the resulting climate change. This difficulty occurs primarily because the terrestrial climate system can respond to the imposed changes by re ...
Clouds in a Warmer Climate: Friend or Foe?
... City, OK (denoted OKC) and St. Louis, MO (denoted STL), in the western central U.S. and Midwestern U.S., cloud). Various studies have used other means to define this term, however, which makes the comparison among different studies sometimes difficult. ...
... City, OK (denoted OKC) and St. Louis, MO (denoted STL), in the western central U.S. and Midwestern U.S., cloud). Various studies have used other means to define this term, however, which makes the comparison among different studies sometimes difficult. ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.