MAR 115
... This is a University Studies (2B) course on introduction to climate. The course is designed by meteorologists and climatologists nationally recognized in atmospheric science education. In this course, students are introduced to the many elements of Earth's climate system in a dynamic and highly moti ...
... This is a University Studies (2B) course on introduction to climate. The course is designed by meteorologists and climatologists nationally recognized in atmospheric science education. In this course, students are introduced to the many elements of Earth's climate system in a dynamic and highly moti ...
European summer temperatures since Roman times
... mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statisticall ...
... mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statisticall ...
The Changing Himalayas - India Environment Portal
... 0.74 degrees Celsius over the last 100 years. Changes in precipitation are ambiguous with both increasing and decreasing trends in different parts of the region. The most serious changes are probably related to the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as high intense rainfalls lea ...
... 0.74 degrees Celsius over the last 100 years. Changes in precipitation are ambiguous with both increasing and decreasing trends in different parts of the region. The most serious changes are probably related to the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as high intense rainfalls lea ...
Biomes_Notes_from_Online-Long_Version
... that change the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and land surface. The debate about global warming and climate change centers on these factors. Some people think that climate change is caused by natural processes and is cyclical. Others think that human activities (for example, burning fossil f ...
... that change the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and land surface. The debate about global warming and climate change centers on these factors. Some people think that climate change is caused by natural processes and is cyclical. Others think that human activities (for example, burning fossil f ...
Detecting an external influence on recent changes
... for mesoscale processes and to some extent longer period internal variability such as the dominant climate modes. This dataset is used in an optimal detection analysis along with the biogeochemical output from two state-of-the-art ESMs (MPI-ESM-LR and HadGEM2-ES) participating in the CMIP5 experimen ...
... for mesoscale processes and to some extent longer period internal variability such as the dominant climate modes. This dataset is used in an optimal detection analysis along with the biogeochemical output from two state-of-the-art ESMs (MPI-ESM-LR and HadGEM2-ES) participating in the CMIP5 experimen ...
Oceanic forcing of the late 20 century Sahel drought
... investigate the mechanisms of the decreasing trend of Sahel rainfall in the second half of the 20th century. Results show that when the model is forced with observed SSTs it can quite realistically reproduce the spatial pattern and amplitude of the observed Sahelian drying. Further, while all tropic ...
... investigate the mechanisms of the decreasing trend of Sahel rainfall in the second half of the 20th century. Results show that when the model is forced with observed SSTs it can quite realistically reproduce the spatial pattern and amplitude of the observed Sahelian drying. Further, while all tropic ...
The Climate Change Debate in the United
... number of the working class in America. The result in taking economic policies as solution to the environmental problems off the table and it leaves you with lesser tools to explain and argue on the failure of the system and the necessary adaptive solutions. In a larger scheme the answer found by c ...
... number of the working class in America. The result in taking economic policies as solution to the environmental problems off the table and it leaves you with lesser tools to explain and argue on the failure of the system and the necessary adaptive solutions. In a larger scheme the answer found by c ...
Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp
... Salinas 2009, Dillon et al. 2010). Mass-specific metabolic rate typically increases with temperature and decreases with body size (Gillooly et al. 2001). Because higher ambient temperatures result in greater metabolic demands, individuals living at higher latitudes and cooler temperatures are expect ...
... Salinas 2009, Dillon et al. 2010). Mass-specific metabolic rate typically increases with temperature and decreases with body size (Gillooly et al. 2001). Because higher ambient temperatures result in greater metabolic demands, individuals living at higher latitudes and cooler temperatures are expect ...
What is meant by `balancing sources and sinks of greenhouse gases
... on (a) the cumulative anthropogenic emissions of long-lived GHGs, since these GHGs will contribute additional radiative forcing for many hundreds or thousands of years, and (b) the continuing anthropogenic emission rate of short-lived GHGs9. Thus, future radiative forcing and climate change could be ...
... on (a) the cumulative anthropogenic emissions of long-lived GHGs, since these GHGs will contribute additional radiative forcing for many hundreds or thousands of years, and (b) the continuing anthropogenic emission rate of short-lived GHGs9. Thus, future radiative forcing and climate change could be ...
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1
... indications of more frequent occurrence of spring and summer blocking in the Euro-Atlantic sector, while the amplitude of ENSO events weakens although they tend to appear more frequently. These indications are uncertain because of biases in the model’s representation of present-day conditions. Posit ...
... indications of more frequent occurrence of spring and summer blocking in the Euro-Atlantic sector, while the amplitude of ENSO events weakens although they tend to appear more frequently. These indications are uncertain because of biases in the model’s representation of present-day conditions. Posit ...
The Structure of Economic Modeling of the Potential Impacts
... The planet has not seen CO2 levels as high as the current 400 ppm for at least 800,000 7 The equivalence comes from adding, in radiative forcing equivalent, across the GHGs. There are a number of ways to express GHG equivalent concentrations: “Kyoto” GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, and three fluorinated gasse ...
... The planet has not seen CO2 levels as high as the current 400 ppm for at least 800,000 7 The equivalence comes from adding, in radiative forcing equivalent, across the GHGs. There are a number of ways to express GHG equivalent concentrations: “Kyoto” GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, and three fluorinated gasse ...
Climate variability and malaria epidemics in the highlands of East
... the human population size increase, and thus the human population size that each hospital has served remains similar during the study period’, is not supported by the article cited [3] which actually says the opposite: ‘The situation at specific sites cannot be inferred from these national data, but ...
... the human population size increase, and thus the human population size that each hospital has served remains similar during the study period’, is not supported by the article cited [3] which actually says the opposite: ‘The situation at specific sites cannot be inferred from these national data, but ...
Document
... Increased UV-B radiation will also have grave consequences for vegetation. Important cereal grains and fiber crops have shown sensitivity to UV-B radiation. Recent field studies have shown a 20% reduction in soybean yield from a simulated 25% ozone depletion. Increased production of ground-level oz ...
... Increased UV-B radiation will also have grave consequences for vegetation. Important cereal grains and fiber crops have shown sensitivity to UV-B radiation. Recent field studies have shown a 20% reduction in soybean yield from a simulated 25% ozone depletion. Increased production of ground-level oz ...
A Decade of Synthesis and Modeling in the U.S. Joint Global Ocean
... Indian Ocean. A main finding is strong spatial and temporal variations in surface bioavailable iron levels caused by both the patterns in atmospheric dust deposition and circulation. The magnitude and mechanisms of biogeochemical variability in temperate and subtropical regions are not as well reso ...
... Indian Ocean. A main finding is strong spatial and temporal variations in surface bioavailable iron levels caused by both the patterns in atmospheric dust deposition and circulation. The magnitude and mechanisms of biogeochemical variability in temperate and subtropical regions are not as well reso ...
The Culture and Discourse of Climate Skepticism Andrew J
... to partner with the municipal government on GHG emission reduction efforts through voluntary programs and initiatives. That Chamber’s website also lists a number of talks from high‐profile sustainability speakers about the economic benefits of addressing climate change. It would be illuminating ...
... to partner with the municipal government on GHG emission reduction efforts through voluntary programs and initiatives. That Chamber’s website also lists a number of talks from high‐profile sustainability speakers about the economic benefits of addressing climate change. It would be illuminating ...
Alberto Montanari - University of Bologna
... • There are few records of directly measured glacier mass balances, and they stretch back only to the mid 20th century. When areal weighting and spatial interpolation are used to estimate large-scale patterns from the available data, the 1990s trend towards glacier retreat appears to have leveled of ...
... • There are few records of directly measured glacier mass balances, and they stretch back only to the mid 20th century. When areal weighting and spatial interpolation are used to estimate large-scale patterns from the available data, the 1990s trend towards glacier retreat appears to have leveled of ...
Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia Climate
... Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of positive summer trend. Negative spring precipitation trend weakened in the area of Hvar. Prec ...
... Osijek, where attenuation of negative spring precipitation trend was observed, but still remaining statistically significant, as well as weakening of negative autumn precipitation trend and strengthening of positive summer trend. Negative spring precipitation trend weakened in the area of Hvar. Prec ...
Conclusion: Reconstructing and Modelling Past Oceans 1 A
... The CLIMAP (Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) project reconstructed the surface of the Earth at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at 21,000 years BP [CLIMAP Project Members, 1976, 1981]. Although the reconstruction was based on ocean sediment proxy data, the expertise of scien ...
... The CLIMAP (Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction) project reconstructed the surface of the Earth at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at 21,000 years BP [CLIMAP Project Members, 1976, 1981]. Although the reconstruction was based on ocean sediment proxy data, the expertise of scien ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... first peacock butterfly seen flying, the first crocus in bloom—as a mark that the long, dark winter is finally over. Fall has not captured as much enthusiasm as spring, but some good records exist, for example, for the turning of leaf color for trees. The longest records of direct phenological observatio ...
... first peacock butterfly seen flying, the first crocus in bloom—as a mark that the long, dark winter is finally over. Fall has not captured as much enthusiasm as spring, but some good records exist, for example, for the turning of leaf color for trees. The longest records of direct phenological observatio ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.