part i introduction to floral diagrams - Assets
... angiosperms is enclosure of ovules by carpels (angiospermy), separating the flowering plants from their closest relatives (gymnosperms). Flowers are usually grouped into inflorescences that may be simple to highly complex, and are – at least in bud – often subtended by a specialized leaf, the bract, t ...
... angiosperms is enclosure of ovules by carpels (angiospermy), separating the flowering plants from their closest relatives (gymnosperms). Flowers are usually grouped into inflorescences that may be simple to highly complex, and are – at least in bud – often subtended by a specialized leaf, the bract, t ...
Expressing the Diphtheria Toxin A Subunit from
... generative cell undergoes DNA replication and divides once more to produce two haploid sperm cells within the vegetative cell cytoplasm. The vegetative cell and the two sperm cells each carry the same haploid genome and constitute the three-celled male gametophyte (pollen grain). One question raised ...
... generative cell undergoes DNA replication and divides once more to produce two haploid sperm cells within the vegetative cell cytoplasm. The vegetative cell and the two sperm cells each carry the same haploid genome and constitute the three-celled male gametophyte (pollen grain). One question raised ...
GINSENG AND OTHER MEDICINAL PLANTS
... a large extent gotten from this class of material. There are more than one thousand different kinds in use which are indigenous or naturalized in the United States. Some of these are very valuable and have, since their medicinal properties were discovered, come into use in all parts of the world; ot ...
... a large extent gotten from this class of material. There are more than one thousand different kinds in use which are indigenous or naturalized in the United States. Some of these are very valuable and have, since their medicinal properties were discovered, come into use in all parts of the world; ot ...
Lecture 2 Grass & Legumes
... from three different meristems or zones of growth. New tillers grow from axillary buds at the base of the plant, new leaves grow from apical meristems inside the stems, and intercalary meristems are secondary zones of growth at the base of the internode, sheath and blade. These are growth regions in ...
... from three different meristems or zones of growth. New tillers grow from axillary buds at the base of the plant, new leaves grow from apical meristems inside the stems, and intercalary meristems are secondary zones of growth at the base of the internode, sheath and blade. These are growth regions in ...
Burdock Root Class
... • This biennial herb has a stem that can usually stand about 3 to 4 feet tall. Each stem has multiple branches and the whole plant itself is a pale, dull green color. The lower leaves of the plant are huge, some growing to well over a foot long. These leaves are heart shaped and the bottoms are cove ...
... • This biennial herb has a stem that can usually stand about 3 to 4 feet tall. Each stem has multiple branches and the whole plant itself is a pale, dull green color. The lower leaves of the plant are huge, some growing to well over a foot long. These leaves are heart shaped and the bottoms are cove ...
Expression of axial and sonic hedgehog in wildtype and midline
... the pathways controlling the development of the notochord and Iloor plate. Previous reports of the expression patterns of ax I (zebrafish HNF-3f3, Strahle el al., 1993) and shh (Krauss el al., 1993) along the developing midline of gastrula and neurula stage zebrafish embryos are consistent with such ...
... the pathways controlling the development of the notochord and Iloor plate. Previous reports of the expression patterns of ax I (zebrafish HNF-3f3, Strahle el al., 1993) and shh (Krauss el al., 1993) along the developing midline of gastrula and neurula stage zebrafish embryos are consistent with such ...
Tissue layer and organ specificity of trichome
... In wild-type plants trichomes are exclusively initiated in the epidermal cell layer. This cell-layer specificity is lost in 35S::GL1 try mutants which produce trichomes also in subepidermal tissue layers. In mature leaves we observed subepidermal cells that were unusually large and contained a much ...
... In wild-type plants trichomes are exclusively initiated in the epidermal cell layer. This cell-layer specificity is lost in 35S::GL1 try mutants which produce trichomes also in subepidermal tissue layers. In mature leaves we observed subepidermal cells that were unusually large and contained a much ...
Molecular Mechanism of microRNA396 Mediating
... The online version of this article contains Web-only data. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.113.225144 ...
... The online version of this article contains Web-only data. www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.113.225144 ...
Successful Propagation Guide
... feeding, with initial sprouting of new growth above ground. Do not worry if the lower leaves turn yellow or brown - this is a good indication that the roots are growing, however, if they look burnt at the edges, the roots may not be developing correctly. Please note that hardwood cuttings can take a ...
... feeding, with initial sprouting of new growth above ground. Do not worry if the lower leaves turn yellow or brown - this is a good indication that the roots are growing, however, if they look burnt at the edges, the roots may not be developing correctly. Please note that hardwood cuttings can take a ...
Section Peltanthera, subsection Centranthifolii [synonym
... “Plants herbaceous; leaves entire; corolla red, pink, rarely purple shades. This subsection is also known as Section Gentianoides (why a group of red-flowered plants would be called “gentian-like” I have no idea). The corollas usually lack a prominent lower lip and are generally scarlet. Distributio ...
... “Plants herbaceous; leaves entire; corolla red, pink, rarely purple shades. This subsection is also known as Section Gentianoides (why a group of red-flowered plants would be called “gentian-like” I have no idea). The corollas usually lack a prominent lower lip and are generally scarlet. Distributio ...
PDF
... used to spray plants twice weekly (on Mondays and Thursdays) for 12 weeks. Filtered seawater was collected using salt spray collectors arranged parallel to the coastline at about 10 m from mean seawater level (mean tide line). Each salt spray collector was made up of polypropylene filter gauze wrapp ...
... used to spray plants twice weekly (on Mondays and Thursdays) for 12 weeks. Filtered seawater was collected using salt spray collectors arranged parallel to the coastline at about 10 m from mean seawater level (mean tide line). Each salt spray collector was made up of polypropylene filter gauze wrapp ...
The Plant Vascular System
... Hydroids often form a central strand in the gametophyte stem/sporophyte seta in the mosses (Figure 1A, B). During their development, these hydroid cells undergo various structural modifications to the cell wall and are dead at maturity (Figure 1C, D). Although in some cases the hydroid wall may beco ...
... Hydroids often form a central strand in the gametophyte stem/sporophyte seta in the mosses (Figure 1A, B). During their development, these hydroid cells undergo various structural modifications to the cell wall and are dead at maturity (Figure 1C, D). Although in some cases the hydroid wall may beco ...
Application of micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and
... ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study foliar spray of Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and floral characteristics Gladiolus variety “Oscar”. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the field, Varamin Research Cen ...
... ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study foliar spray of Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and floral characteristics Gladiolus variety “Oscar”. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the field, Varamin Research Cen ...
Pruning impacts on shoot-root
... The results showed that bract length, weight and bract numbers per plant were significantly decreased by complete pruning in the final season (Table 1). Bract length and weight was almost similar in all treatments in first season. In the final season, the highest bract length and weight was observed ...
... The results showed that bract length, weight and bract numbers per plant were significantly decreased by complete pruning in the final season (Table 1). Bract length and weight was almost similar in all treatments in first season. In the final season, the highest bract length and weight was observed ...
Culturally Important Plants of the Lakota (excerpt)
... 7. Artemisia ludoviciana, ceremonial sage, pȟeží hóta wápe blaskáska (peh-zhee hoe-tah ah-pay blahskah) Leaves and stems burned as incense and "smudging." That is, the sage is burned and the smoke breathed in, and wafted all over the body to purify one's self. An infusion of the plant is used to tr ...
... 7. Artemisia ludoviciana, ceremonial sage, pȟeží hóta wápe blaskáska (peh-zhee hoe-tah ah-pay blahskah) Leaves and stems burned as incense and "smudging." That is, the sage is burned and the smoke breathed in, and wafted all over the body to purify one's self. An infusion of the plant is used to tr ...
Monoacylglycerols Are Components of Root Waxes
... biotic and abiotic stresses, limits gas and water exchange, and is likely involved in developmental processes during plant growth (Kolattukudy, 2001; Nawrath, 2006). Usually, cutin polyesters are composed largely of C16 and C18 v-hydroxy fatty acid monomers, which often have midchain functionality, ...
... biotic and abiotic stresses, limits gas and water exchange, and is likely involved in developmental processes during plant growth (Kolattukudy, 2001; Nawrath, 2006). Usually, cutin polyesters are composed largely of C16 and C18 v-hydroxy fatty acid monomers, which often have midchain functionality, ...
Bond, Steven (1991) Control of rhizome growth in Alstroemeria. PhD
... is grown as a cut flower crop and as such in the last few years. In terms of crop area ...
... is grown as a cut flower crop and as such in the last few years. In terms of crop area ...
Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the development of N
... 4.2. Development of the symbiosis between sinorhizobia and Acacia and Prosopis trees ...............................................................................................55 4.2.1. Infection trough the root hairs...............................................................56 4.2.2. The st ...
... 4.2. Development of the symbiosis between sinorhizobia and Acacia and Prosopis trees ...............................................................................................55 4.2.1. Infection trough the root hairs...............................................................56 4.2.2. The st ...
Fighting Giant Hogweed
... The seedlings germinate early Plants grow quickly early on, beating their competition to the sunlight with their large leaves It can regenerate quickly if cut back down to ground level, even when in seed set It doesn’t have any specialized ...
... The seedlings germinate early Plants grow quickly early on, beating their competition to the sunlight with their large leaves It can regenerate quickly if cut back down to ground level, even when in seed set It doesn’t have any specialized ...
The Histology of the Pulp
... Recognize, Capture Foreign Ag Non-Phagocytic Increased in Carious Teeth Class II MHC Positive ...
... Recognize, Capture Foreign Ag Non-Phagocytic Increased in Carious Teeth Class II MHC Positive ...
Clonal analysis of NARROW SHEATH1 - Development
... never directly on, the midvein of the adjacent leaf. This pattern of alternate leaf sectoring is observed in meristematic chimeras of distichous plants such as maize, in which successive leaves are initiated approximately 180° apart (Fig. 1; Steffenson, 1968; Scanlon and Freeling, 1997). In this way ...
... never directly on, the midvein of the adjacent leaf. This pattern of alternate leaf sectoring is observed in meristematic chimeras of distichous plants such as maize, in which successive leaves are initiated approximately 180° apart (Fig. 1; Steffenson, 1968; Scanlon and Freeling, 1997). In this way ...
Botanical Description of Coleus forskohlii: A Review
... stem and leaf tissues exhibited the presence of standard antioxidative polyphenols and more potent polyphenols. Rasineni et al. (2008) suggest that Coleus can be used as an important source of phenolic compounds with significantly high antioxidant activity (Rasineni et al., 2008). Coleus is a rich s ...
... stem and leaf tissues exhibited the presence of standard antioxidative polyphenols and more potent polyphenols. Rasineni et al. (2008) suggest that Coleus can be used as an important source of phenolic compounds with significantly high antioxidant activity (Rasineni et al., 2008). Coleus is a rich s ...
Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution - Assets
... implicated almost all groups of fossil and living gymnosperms as potential angiosperm ancestors (Crane, 1985a). The role of the plant fossil record in contributing to an understanding of angiosperm origins and early evolution was also uncertain. Some authors assumed that palaeobotanical data were ei ...
... implicated almost all groups of fossil and living gymnosperms as potential angiosperm ancestors (Crane, 1985a). The role of the plant fossil record in contributing to an understanding of angiosperm origins and early evolution was also uncertain. Some authors assumed that palaeobotanical data were ei ...
Plant Growth Regulators III: Gibberellins, Ethylene, Abscisic Acid
... GA3 does not assist in the establishment of the shoot apices of all plants. It was found to be inhibitory to growth of meristems tips of some kinds of geraniums (Theiler, 1977) and flax (Lane, 1979), and in rose, apices grew rapidly and formed abnormal attenuated leaves, but no roots or new leaves w ...
... GA3 does not assist in the establishment of the shoot apices of all plants. It was found to be inhibitory to growth of meristems tips of some kinds of geraniums (Theiler, 1977) and flax (Lane, 1979), and in rose, apices grew rapidly and formed abnormal attenuated leaves, but no roots or new leaves w ...
WORMWOOD Absinthii herba DEFINITION Wormwood consists of
... epidermis of the corolla (surface view [A, C, F]), consisting of cells with wavy and slightly thickened [Fc] or unthickened [Ac] walls, numerous uniseriate, multicellular, covering trichomes, often with 1 cell collapsed [Aa], glandular trichomes with a unicellular head and a unicellular [Ca, Fb] or ...
... epidermis of the corolla (surface view [A, C, F]), consisting of cells with wavy and slightly thickened [Fc] or unthickened [Ac] walls, numerous uniseriate, multicellular, covering trichomes, often with 1 cell collapsed [Aa], glandular trichomes with a unicellular head and a unicellular [Ca, Fb] or ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.