shining club moss bristly club moss crow’s foot
... are extremely soft and wooly dense yellow flowers occur in spikes ...
... are extremely soft and wooly dense yellow flowers occur in spikes ...
Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology
... vary strongly across major plant lineages, with many early groups having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate me ...
... vary strongly across major plant lineages, with many early groups having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate me ...
Tansley review
... vary strongly across major plant lineages, with many early groups having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate me ...
... vary strongly across major plant lineages, with many early groups having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate me ...
An efficient protocol for the production of triploid plants from
... A characteristic feature of the shoots from endosperm callus was the preponderance of multi-cellular glands on the surface of the shoots. These glands, occasionally stalked, were found in large numbers on younger leaves close to the shoot apex (Fig. 2 A – C). Such structures have never before been o ...
... A characteristic feature of the shoots from endosperm callus was the preponderance of multi-cellular glands on the surface of the shoots. These glands, occasionally stalked, were found in large numbers on younger leaves close to the shoot apex (Fig. 2 A – C). Such structures have never before been o ...
Identifying Coccothrinax - South Florida Palm Society
... interested and you are a member of the International Palm Society, you can freely download their paper from www.palms.org. All of the species in this key are currently accepted by the online Monocot Checklist based at Kew. The Kew Palm Checklist contains around 106 taxa of which 65 are currently acc ...
... interested and you are a member of the International Palm Society, you can freely download their paper from www.palms.org. All of the species in this key are currently accepted by the online Monocot Checklist based at Kew. The Kew Palm Checklist contains around 106 taxa of which 65 are currently acc ...
Arabidopsis root hair development in adaptation to iron
... development of additional root hairs that lead to an increase of the absorptive surface of the root. The increased root hair frequency of Fe- and P-deficient Arabidopsis was realized by different strategies. Phosphate-deficient plants increased the number of root hairs while in Festarved plants root ...
... development of additional root hairs that lead to an increase of the absorptive surface of the root. The increased root hair frequency of Fe- and P-deficient Arabidopsis was realized by different strategies. Phosphate-deficient plants increased the number of root hairs while in Festarved plants root ...
Auxin Is Required for Leaf Vein Pattern in
... nutrients and transfer of fixed carbon are vital for plant survival. The challenge of this material transfer is especially acute in leaves, because this is where most fixed carbon is produced, and because the high surface area to volume ratio can result in significant water loss. Plants solve this p ...
... nutrients and transfer of fixed carbon are vital for plant survival. The challenge of this material transfer is especially acute in leaves, because this is where most fixed carbon is produced, and because the high surface area to volume ratio can result in significant water loss. Plants solve this p ...
SHORT INTEGUMENTS1/SUSPENSOR1/CARPEL FACTORY, a
... 17 to the end of exon 19. The two RT-PCR signals were barely visible from wild-type leaf RNA, but higher levels were detected with RNA from wildtype flowers and seeds. Both SIN1/SUS1/CAFspecific PCR products were detected in RNA from flowers and seeds of sin1-1 and sin1-2 point mutants, suggesting t ...
... 17 to the end of exon 19. The two RT-PCR signals were barely visible from wild-type leaf RNA, but higher levels were detected with RNA from wildtype flowers and seeds. Both SIN1/SUS1/CAFspecific PCR products were detected in RNA from flowers and seeds of sin1-1 and sin1-2 point mutants, suggesting t ...
Section 2 Lactation Physiology
... Growth factors secreted locally from mammary tissue may mediate, via a paracrine or autocrine mechanism, estrogen effects on mammogenesis. Prolactin was discovered to be critically important for initiation of lactation in the periparturient period in several species, including ...
... Growth factors secreted locally from mammary tissue may mediate, via a paracrine or autocrine mechanism, estrogen effects on mammogenesis. Prolactin was discovered to be critically important for initiation of lactation in the periparturient period in several species, including ...
On the Growth in Length of the Prog Embryo.
... blastopore, the embryo grows in length by the proliferation of cells at the spot which formerly formed part of the lips of the blastopore. There is very little doubt that rapid growth at this spot takes place before the final closure of the blastopore ; the question is, when does this growth begin ? ...
... blastopore, the embryo grows in length by the proliferation of cells at the spot which formerly formed part of the lips of the blastopore. There is very little doubt that rapid growth at this spot takes place before the final closure of the blastopore ; the question is, when does this growth begin ? ...
Distribution and Regulation of Auxin in Arabidopsis Root Cells
... Distribution and Regulation of Auxin in Arabidopsis Root Cells Abstract The plant hormone auxin (IAA) coordinates many of the important processes in plant development. For example, IAA is critical for normal embryogenesis, root development, cell elongation, and the tropic responses such as gravitro ...
... Distribution and Regulation of Auxin in Arabidopsis Root Cells Abstract The plant hormone auxin (IAA) coordinates many of the important processes in plant development. For example, IAA is critical for normal embryogenesis, root development, cell elongation, and the tropic responses such as gravitro ...
flowering behaviour of kagzi lime under sub
... Washim and Amaravati districts. There is an urgent need for regulation of cropping and fruit maturity in this fruit. In this paper results of the study on periodicity and extent of flowering in kagzi line species are compared. ...
... Washim and Amaravati districts. There is an urgent need for regulation of cropping and fruit maturity in this fruit. In this paper results of the study on periodicity and extent of flowering in kagzi line species are compared. ...
Allium cepa Linnaeus, Lilliaceae
... Prehistoric remains of cultivated plants are often extremely helpful for reconstructing their evolution and history. This is especially true for seed crops, but much less so for vegetable species like onion, which have little chance of long-term preservation. Therefore, one has to rely mostly upon w ...
... Prehistoric remains of cultivated plants are often extremely helpful for reconstructing their evolution and history. This is especially true for seed crops, but much less so for vegetable species like onion, which have little chance of long-term preservation. Therefore, one has to rely mostly upon w ...
Modes of Action and Functions of ERECTA-family
... Stimulated by Activation of NB-LRR-Type UNI Proteins (Uchida et al. 2011 Plant Cell Physiol) Shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which maintain stem cells at the tips of stems, and axillary meristems (AMs), which arise at leaf axils for branch formation, play significant roles in the establishment of pla ...
... Stimulated by Activation of NB-LRR-Type UNI Proteins (Uchida et al. 2011 Plant Cell Physiol) Shoot apical meristems (SAMs), which maintain stem cells at the tips of stems, and axillary meristems (AMs), which arise at leaf axils for branch formation, play significant roles in the establishment of pla ...
Hoary Alyssum
... Family. Native to Eurasia, it is believed to have been introduced to North America as a contaminant of crop seed.1 Reproduction is only by seed and germination can occur from early spring through to fall. All parts of the plant are covered with short, stellate hairs.3 It is adapted to cold winters a ...
... Family. Native to Eurasia, it is believed to have been introduced to North America as a contaminant of crop seed.1 Reproduction is only by seed and germination can occur from early spring through to fall. All parts of the plant are covered with short, stellate hairs.3 It is adapted to cold winters a ...
1 - Monash University Research Repository
... root growth and development of root hairs (Schiefelbein and Benfey, 1991; Lynch, 1995). These mechanisms assist roots in adapting to their environment, facilitating the location and utilisation of scarce resources. Many root systems have also evolved finely-tuned symbiotic interactions with soil mic ...
... root growth and development of root hairs (Schiefelbein and Benfey, 1991; Lynch, 1995). These mechanisms assist roots in adapting to their environment, facilitating the location and utilisation of scarce resources. Many root systems have also evolved finely-tuned symbiotic interactions with soil mic ...
Cell type-specific manipulation of salt tolerance genes in wheat and
... Putative cortex-specific promoters driving HvHKT1;5 do not appear to reduce shoot Na+ ......................................................................................................... 129 ...
... Putative cortex-specific promoters driving HvHKT1;5 do not appear to reduce shoot Na+ ......................................................................................................... 129 ...
Review: Nutrient loading of developing seeds
... source leaves and their unloading from the phloem in seed sinks. Phloem loading in source leaves and along the axial path (re-mobilisation from storage reserves; xylem–phloem transfer) sets the phloem sap concentration of each transported nutrient. In addition, path properties determine hydraulic co ...
... source leaves and their unloading from the phloem in seed sinks. Phloem loading in source leaves and along the axial path (re-mobilisation from storage reserves; xylem–phloem transfer) sets the phloem sap concentration of each transported nutrient. In addition, path properties determine hydraulic co ...
Some Wayside Flowers of Central Korea
... The graceful little Gerbera Anandria, Shultz is another early arrival The flower somewhat resembles that of the common Daisy, though the foliage and growth are quite different, the leaves of the former being arrow-shaped, and the general growth of slight and delicate nature. Also the pink florets o ...
... The graceful little Gerbera Anandria, Shultz is another early arrival The flower somewhat resembles that of the common Daisy, though the foliage and growth are quite different, the leaves of the former being arrow-shaped, and the general growth of slight and delicate nature. Also the pink florets o ...
Troublesome Weeds of New Mexico
... Five fused petals (0.8-1.2 in. long) are yellow-green in color with conspicuous purple veins and a purple throat; seeds found in green, oblong pods (0.5-1.2 in. long) that are covered with long hairs, with an opening at one end that resembles a ...
... Five fused petals (0.8-1.2 in. long) are yellow-green in color with conspicuous purple veins and a purple throat; seeds found in green, oblong pods (0.5-1.2 in. long) that are covered with long hairs, with an opening at one end that resembles a ...
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TUSSER, ANTHERAEA PERNYI
... appears as a delicate pink cloud among the greyish yolk spheres. These nuclei soon divide rapidly and give rise to many smaller nuclei which are scattered in the yolk around the micropyle pole. The nuclei are surrounded also by a small mass of cytoplasm, and protoplasmic continuity seems to exist be ...
... appears as a delicate pink cloud among the greyish yolk spheres. These nuclei soon divide rapidly and give rise to many smaller nuclei which are scattered in the yolk around the micropyle pole. The nuclei are surrounded also by a small mass of cytoplasm, and protoplasmic continuity seems to exist be ...
GREAT BURDOCK
... The root contains B-factor (for burdock), a substance that is capable of reducing mutation. The roots contain five novel caffeoylquinic acids that produce significant anti-oxidant effect. Y. Ito et al, in 1986 Mutation Research, and Dombradi in Chemotherapy (1970) indicate that burdock root may redu ...
... The root contains B-factor (for burdock), a substance that is capable of reducing mutation. The roots contain five novel caffeoylquinic acids that produce significant anti-oxidant effect. Y. Ito et al, in 1986 Mutation Research, and Dombradi in Chemotherapy (1970) indicate that burdock root may redu ...
Leaf Arrangements
... If you start to look for these types of patterns, you will see the clockwise and counter-clockwise spirals in many different plant structures. ...
... If you start to look for these types of patterns, you will see the clockwise and counter-clockwise spirals in many different plant structures. ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... knowledge of carbon isotope discrimination throughout the CO2 assimilation process: that is, (i) during CO2 diffusion in air from outside the leaf through stomata into the intercellular air spaces; (ii) during Rubisco and PEPcase carboxylation (and the relative rate of the two reactions); and (iii) ...
... knowledge of carbon isotope discrimination throughout the CO2 assimilation process: that is, (i) during CO2 diffusion in air from outside the leaf through stomata into the intercellular air spaces; (ii) during Rubisco and PEPcase carboxylation (and the relative rate of the two reactions); and (iii) ...
hca: an Arabidopsis mutant exhibiting unusual
... of the stem of hca but also at the subapical and middle portions (Figure 1k–n). No interfascicular fibers were present in the subapical zone of hca. Parenchyma cells were found in the interfascicular fiber position between enlarged vascular bundles (Figure 1l). In the middle portion of the stem, a c ...
... of the stem of hca but also at the subapical and middle portions (Figure 1k–n). No interfascicular fibers were present in the subapical zone of hca. Parenchyma cells were found in the interfascicular fiber position between enlarged vascular bundles (Figure 1l). In the middle portion of the stem, a c ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.