Folio Bound VIEWS - Gray`s Anatomy
... formation of the middle embryonic layer. However, Balfour (1888 ) and others frequently made a distinction between the two processes, because in some embryos other methods of forming the middle layer were envisaged. Largely as a result of experimental studies (see below), the modern view of gastrula ...
... formation of the middle embryonic layer. However, Balfour (1888 ) and others frequently made a distinction between the two processes, because in some embryos other methods of forming the middle layer were envisaged. Largely as a result of experimental studies (see below), the modern view of gastrula ...
Plant Systematics Laboratory Manual
... 3. Understand the basics of taxonomy by performing exercises in its components. ...
... 3. Understand the basics of taxonomy by performing exercises in its components. ...
Developmental expression patterns of Arabidopsis
... families in plants; the Arabidopsis genome encodes 33 XTHs. To gain insight into the potential physiological relevance of the distinct members of this family, GUS reporter fusion genes were constructed, and plants expressing these transgenes were characterized to reveal spatial and temporal patterns ...
... families in plants; the Arabidopsis genome encodes 33 XTHs. To gain insight into the potential physiological relevance of the distinct members of this family, GUS reporter fusion genes were constructed, and plants expressing these transgenes were characterized to reveal spatial and temporal patterns ...
Descriptors for grapevine (Vitis spp.) - ECPGR
... and Evaluation categories. An updated and slightly modified list was prepared in the internationally accepted IPGRI format for descriptor lists and subsequently sent to a number of experts for their comments. A full list of the names and addresses of those involved is given in ‘Contributors’. In the ...
... and Evaluation categories. An updated and slightly modified list was prepared in the internationally accepted IPGRI format for descriptor lists and subsequently sent to a number of experts for their comments. A full list of the names and addresses of those involved is given in ‘Contributors’. In the ...
PLoS ONE
... control plants. Unfortunately, applying phenidone to earlier stages of flowering such as stage 1 or 2 delayed or even ceased flower opening and was, thus, not feasible in the context of the present study. Jasmonic acid is a multifunctional growth regulator in plants that modulates many developmental ...
... control plants. Unfortunately, applying phenidone to earlier stages of flowering such as stage 1 or 2 delayed or even ceased flower opening and was, thus, not feasible in the context of the present study. Jasmonic acid is a multifunctional growth regulator in plants that modulates many developmental ...
IRG 85 - the Scottish Rock Garden Club
... Parents: S. 'Jubilee' (female) x S. 'Tysoe Robin' (male) Grandparents: S. 'Tysoe Jubilee' = S. 'Gaydon-Love' x S. 'Tysoe Splendour' S. 'Tysoe Robin' = S. 'Coolock Kate' x S. 'Halford-Love' Cushion: tight, grey-green with vigorous growth. Rosettes: relatively small 11-12mm diameter, open with convex ...
... Parents: S. 'Jubilee' (female) x S. 'Tysoe Robin' (male) Grandparents: S. 'Tysoe Jubilee' = S. 'Gaydon-Love' x S. 'Tysoe Splendour' S. 'Tysoe Robin' = S. 'Coolock Kate' x S. 'Halford-Love' Cushion: tight, grey-green with vigorous growth. Rosettes: relatively small 11-12mm diameter, open with convex ...
Cytoplasmic Ca changes dynamically during the
... apparatus of the synergid cells, have been identified as pollen tube attractants (Okuda et al., 2009; Okuda and Higashiyama, 2010). In Arabidopsis, synergids and other embryo sac cells produce a diverse set of cysteine-rich proteins (Jones-Rhoades et al., 2007; Dresselhaus and Márton, 2009; Wuest et ...
... apparatus of the synergid cells, have been identified as pollen tube attractants (Okuda et al., 2009; Okuda and Higashiyama, 2010). In Arabidopsis, synergids and other embryo sac cells produce a diverse set of cysteine-rich proteins (Jones-Rhoades et al., 2007; Dresselhaus and Márton, 2009; Wuest et ...
The FORKED genes are essential for distal vein
... other, meeting at the apex of the leaf and interconnecting through a multitude of smaller transverse veins. In dicots, the pattern is reticulate with a basic pattern of secondary veins branching from the midvein and connecting to one another or to higher order (tertiary and quaternary) veins at thei ...
... other, meeting at the apex of the leaf and interconnecting through a multitude of smaller transverse veins. In dicots, the pattern is reticulate with a basic pattern of secondary veins branching from the midvein and connecting to one another or to higher order (tertiary and quaternary) veins at thei ...
Confused by Crucifers?--A Mustard Identification Workshop
... a “crucifer.” Our word “mustard” comes from the Latin mustum and Old French mustarde, meaning “must” (a term for the fruit and skins of crushed grapes), perhaps a reference to the crushing of mustard seeds necessary to produce the pungent yellow powder. Botanically speaking, what makes a mustard a m ...
... a “crucifer.” Our word “mustard” comes from the Latin mustum and Old French mustarde, meaning “must” (a term for the fruit and skins of crushed grapes), perhaps a reference to the crushing of mustard seeds necessary to produce the pungent yellow powder. Botanically speaking, what makes a mustard a m ...
Cylindropuntia
... Erect, branching shrub 0.3-1.5m tall. Often forms patches several metres wide. ...
... Erect, branching shrub 0.3-1.5m tall. Often forms patches several metres wide. ...
Eurasian Watermilfoil - Fraser Basin Council
... •Large number of seeds are produced by Eurasian watermilfoil •Seeds are viable, and germinate underwater •Few, if any, seedlings survive to maturity underwater •Seed propagation not important in most lakes www.gri.msstate.edu ...
... •Large number of seeds are produced by Eurasian watermilfoil •Seeds are viable, and germinate underwater •Few, if any, seedlings survive to maturity underwater •Seed propagation not important in most lakes www.gri.msstate.edu ...
EMF Genes Interact with Late-Flowering Genes to Regulate
... the flower formation in emfl-1 mutants. emfl-1 ld-1 and emfl-1 fca-1 double mutants—The majority of the double mutants in this group also showed a reduction of plants bolting to 30% (Table 1). Among those double mutants which bolted (Fig. 2E, F), the bolting time and the number of sessile leaves pro ...
... the flower formation in emfl-1 mutants. emfl-1 ld-1 and emfl-1 fca-1 double mutants—The majority of the double mutants in this group also showed a reduction of plants bolting to 30% (Table 1). Among those double mutants which bolted (Fig. 2E, F), the bolting time and the number of sessile leaves pro ...
Evaluating Potential Plant Hormone Cross Talk between Auxin and
... grown on IAA concentrations of 2.5 µM (A) and 5.0 µM (B) showed altered growth in their orientation compared to that of wild type. Circles indicate selected F2 seedlings. . 33 Figure 9. GUS analysis for representative F2 generation dark-grown seedlings which showed growth inhibition when grown on p ...
... grown on IAA concentrations of 2.5 µM (A) and 5.0 µM (B) showed altered growth in their orientation compared to that of wild type. Circles indicate selected F2 seedlings. . 33 Figure 9. GUS analysis for representative F2 generation dark-grown seedlings which showed growth inhibition when grown on p ...
Paedomorphosis, Secondary Woodiness, and Insular
... xylary cell and tissue types, such as rays (Kribs, 1935) and wood parenchyma (Kribs, 1937). Several of the major Baileyan trends concern tracheary elements, especially vessels (Bailey, 1944; Bailey & Tupper, 1918; Frost, 1930a, b, 1931). The vessels which occur in plants found earliest in the fossil ...
... xylary cell and tissue types, such as rays (Kribs, 1935) and wood parenchyma (Kribs, 1937). Several of the major Baileyan trends concern tracheary elements, especially vessels (Bailey, 1944; Bailey & Tupper, 1918; Frost, 1930a, b, 1931). The vessels which occur in plants found earliest in the fossil ...
(1) Bud scales these are scaly stipules which enclose and protect
... is said to be Imparipinnate e.g. Rose, Azadirachta indica, Murraya sp. etc. Pinnate compound leaves can be described based on the number of leaflets on them. The following types are known: Unifoliate are those having only one leaflet e.g. Desmodium, Bauhinia sp. Bifoliate are those having two leafle ...
... is said to be Imparipinnate e.g. Rose, Azadirachta indica, Murraya sp. etc. Pinnate compound leaves can be described based on the number of leaflets on them. The following types are known: Unifoliate are those having only one leaflet e.g. Desmodium, Bauhinia sp. Bifoliate are those having two leafle ...
Biology of the Papaya Plant
... (Carneiro and Cruz 2009). Along with stem thickening, the fibers of the outer collenchyma layer yield, leaving wide spaces later occupied by parenchyma and periderm, so that rigidity shifts to the inner layers, which widen to allow for stem expansion. In addition to buffering daily water balance, st ...
... (Carneiro and Cruz 2009). Along with stem thickening, the fibers of the outer collenchyma layer yield, leaving wide spaces later occupied by parenchyma and periderm, so that rigidity shifts to the inner layers, which widen to allow for stem expansion. In addition to buffering daily water balance, st ...
Abstract Book
... Last but not least, we gratefully acknowledge the generous support of research institutions, research institutes and foundations, the SFBV and all the other partners including sponsors and exhibitors. Without their participation, this congress would not have been possible. We hope that this Congress ...
... Last but not least, we gratefully acknowledge the generous support of research institutions, research institutes and foundations, the SFBV and all the other partners including sponsors and exhibitors. Without their participation, this congress would not have been possible. We hope that this Congress ...
Polar Auxin Transport And Auxin Induced Development: Root
... Signaling molecules, including steroids, peptids, radicals of oxygen and nitrogen as well as the six classical phytohormone groups (auxins, abscisic acid, cytokinines, ethylene, jasmonates and gibberellines) are extremely important in plants. Controlled plant growth would not be possible without the ...
... Signaling molecules, including steroids, peptids, radicals of oxygen and nitrogen as well as the six classical phytohormone groups (auxins, abscisic acid, cytokinines, ethylene, jasmonates and gibberellines) are extremely important in plants. Controlled plant growth would not be possible without the ...
Applied and fundamental aspects of BABY BOOM
... a totipotent cell are difficult to follow for a number of reasons. One problem is that somatic embryogenesis is usually induced from cells that are part of a highly complex tissue or organ that can comprise a mixture of different cell types. Imaging or cell tracking can also be difficult when the ce ...
... a totipotent cell are difficult to follow for a number of reasons. One problem is that somatic embryogenesis is usually induced from cells that are part of a highly complex tissue or organ that can comprise a mixture of different cell types. Imaging or cell tracking can also be difficult when the ce ...
Weed Seedling Identification Guide
... the Northern Great Plains states. For broadleaf plants, this guide will be most useful if you have both cotyledon and first true leaves available. For grasses, choose plants with three or more blades and use the newest for examination; characteristics regarding ligule and collar region may not be fu ...
... the Northern Great Plains states. For broadleaf plants, this guide will be most useful if you have both cotyledon and first true leaves available. For grasses, choose plants with three or more blades and use the newest for examination; characteristics regarding ligule and collar region may not be fu ...
1.3Mb
... 2. Importance of knowledge about development control in quinoa In a crop cycle, we can distinguish between separate periods characterized by the initiation of specific organs and the pattern of distribution of photoassimilates. These periods are known as phases or stages, where a phase can be define ...
... 2. Importance of knowledge about development control in quinoa In a crop cycle, we can distinguish between separate periods characterized by the initiation of specific organs and the pattern of distribution of photoassimilates. These periods are known as phases or stages, where a phase can be define ...
The Leafy Spurge Plant
... The horizontal underground structures are roots and not underground stems (rhizomes) (12). All under ground stem tissue examined in leafy spurge was vertical and a product of adventitious bud development from horizontal, vertical, and oblique roots. There are two types of roots produced on plants ( ...
... The horizontal underground structures are roots and not underground stems (rhizomes) (12). All under ground stem tissue examined in leafy spurge was vertical and a product of adventitious bud development from horizontal, vertical, and oblique roots. There are two types of roots produced on plants ( ...
Vascular Architecture of a Large-leafed Genotype of Trifolium repens
... The objectives of this study were to identify the vascular connections from roots to upper axial bundles in one genotype of Trifolium repens L. ‘ Grasslands Kopu ’, identify pathways followed by the transpiration stream, and establish whether these pathways could account for previously-observed patt ...
... The objectives of this study were to identify the vascular connections from roots to upper axial bundles in one genotype of Trifolium repens L. ‘ Grasslands Kopu ’, identify pathways followed by the transpiration stream, and establish whether these pathways could account for previously-observed patt ...
Signal Transduction in Plant–Insect Interactions: From Membrane
... The conduction of bioelectrochemical excitation is a rapid method of long distance signal transmission between plant tissues and organs. Plants promptly respond to changes in luminous intensity, osmotic pressure, temperature, cutting, mechanical stimulation, water availability, wounding, and chemica ...
... The conduction of bioelectrochemical excitation is a rapid method of long distance signal transmission between plant tissues and organs. Plants promptly respond to changes in luminous intensity, osmotic pressure, temperature, cutting, mechanical stimulation, water availability, wounding, and chemica ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.