Evolution of the YABBY gene family in seed plants
... (Lee et al. 2005). Similarly, Arabidopsis INO expression is restricted to the outermost cell layer of the outer integument of the ovule and promotes outer integument growth (Villanueva et al. 1999). Abaxial expression has been also reported for INO orthologs in eudicots (McAbee et al. 2005), eumagno ...
... (Lee et al. 2005). Similarly, Arabidopsis INO expression is restricted to the outermost cell layer of the outer integument of the ovule and promotes outer integument growth (Villanueva et al. 1999). Abaxial expression has been also reported for INO orthologs in eudicots (McAbee et al. 2005), eumagno ...
k. i 3
... which solidifies or stays semi-solid. It is used in patches as an analgesic. The decoction of its bark is used as sudorific, and macerated in alcohol against rheumatism. Valdizan states that the pulverized resin boiled is used to cure the “sangre lubia”. In case of headache, patches are applied on t ...
... which solidifies or stays semi-solid. It is used in patches as an analgesic. The decoction of its bark is used as sudorific, and macerated in alcohol against rheumatism. Valdizan states that the pulverized resin boiled is used to cure the “sangre lubia”. In case of headache, patches are applied on t ...
5_Araceae MorphoAnatomical Character Analysis
... Tetrad pollen was thought previously to be a good diagnostic character to separate Xanthosoma from Caladium (Mayo and Bogner, 1988), but more recent studies have shown that this is not the case (Bogner & Gonçalves, 2005). 10. Pollen shape: ellipsoid < 0 >; hamburger-shaped < 1 >; globose < 2 > 11. M ...
... Tetrad pollen was thought previously to be a good diagnostic character to separate Xanthosoma from Caladium (Mayo and Bogner, 1988), but more recent studies have shown that this is not the case (Bogner & Gonçalves, 2005). 10. Pollen shape: ellipsoid < 0 >; hamburger-shaped < 1 >; globose < 2 > 11. M ...
Eurasian Watermilfoil - the Idaho Weed Awareness Campaign!
... Poison Hemlock is a plant that is known for its harmfulness to both humans and many animals. It is plant that can grow up to 10 feet tall. It takes two growing seasons for poison hemlock to grow to its fullest. This is known as being biennial. The stem of the plant is smooth and its color is green w ...
... Poison Hemlock is a plant that is known for its harmfulness to both humans and many animals. It is plant that can grow up to 10 feet tall. It takes two growing seasons for poison hemlock to grow to its fullest. This is known as being biennial. The stem of the plant is smooth and its color is green w ...
a. YOUNG PLANT WITH BEGINNINGS OF ROOTS, STEM, LEAVES
... http://www.paeonia.com/assets/decoration/seed_pod.jpg http://www.tfrc.csiro.au/research/SeedDispersal04.jpg http://http://www.agedstore.com/images/plant/models/568888.jpg http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/Angiosperm/Seeds/LegGermSdlingBIODMod.jpg http://www.seedbiology.de/hormones.asp ...
... http://www.paeonia.com/assets/decoration/seed_pod.jpg http://www.tfrc.csiro.au/research/SeedDispersal04.jpg http://http://www.agedstore.com/images/plant/models/568888.jpg http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/Angiosperm/Seeds/LegGermSdlingBIODMod.jpg http://www.seedbiology.de/hormones.asp ...
biosynthesis, perception, signal transduction and action
... the regulation of JA biosynthesis is determined by a positive feedback loop, substrate availability and tissue specificity. Additional regulation is provided by the concurrent action of the branches in the LOX pathway. Among the seven different branches known for the LOX pathway (Feussner and Waster ...
... the regulation of JA biosynthesis is determined by a positive feedback loop, substrate availability and tissue specificity. Additional regulation is provided by the concurrent action of the branches in the LOX pathway. Among the seven different branches known for the LOX pathway (Feussner and Waster ...
Mass spectrometry imaging of glucosinolates in arabidopsis flowers
... Plants are sessile organisms with advanced chemical defence systems. The characterisation and localisation of endogenous plant defence metabolites can help to understand some crucial aspects of plant defence towards pathogenic and herbivore attack. An important class of plant defence chemicals are g ...
... Plants are sessile organisms with advanced chemical defence systems. The characterisation and localisation of endogenous plant defence metabolites can help to understand some crucial aspects of plant defence towards pathogenic and herbivore attack. An important class of plant defence chemicals are g ...
Function of MAP20 and MYB103 in Cellulose and Lignin Formation
... regulation underlying secondary cell wall formation. Here, functional analysis was performed on two genes specifically involved in secondary cell wall formation, using Arabidopsis and Populus as model species. PttMAP20 was earlier identified as a wood-specific microtubule-associated protein in hybri ...
... regulation underlying secondary cell wall formation. Here, functional analysis was performed on two genes specifically involved in secondary cell wall formation, using Arabidopsis and Populus as model species. PttMAP20 was earlier identified as a wood-specific microtubule-associated protein in hybri ...
THE FLOWER - Millennium Organization
... The ovary may be simple, formed of a single carpel or compounds of more than one ...
... The ovary may be simple, formed of a single carpel or compounds of more than one ...
Native Plant Identification Guide
... 2. Skim through this guide and look for plants with a similar shape and size. 3. Compare the descriptions in the guide with the leaf you are trying to identify. 4. Use technical details of the plant to verify species. 5. Compare to weed look-alikes from the weed guide to rule out weed species. This ...
... 2. Skim through this guide and look for plants with a similar shape and size. 3. Compare the descriptions in the guide with the leaf you are trying to identify. 4. Use technical details of the plant to verify species. 5. Compare to weed look-alikes from the weed guide to rule out weed species. This ...
Hairy Root and Its Application in Plant Genetic Engineering
... Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn. causes hairy root disease in plants. Hairy root-infected A. rhizogenes is characterized by a high growth rate and genetic stability. Hairy root cultures have been proven to be an efficient means of producing secondary metabolites that are normally biosynthesized in roo ...
... Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn. causes hairy root disease in plants. Hairy root-infected A. rhizogenes is characterized by a high growth rate and genetic stability. Hairy root cultures have been proven to be an efficient means of producing secondary metabolites that are normally biosynthesized in roo ...
The biology of the endophyte/grass partnership
... branching hyphae (Fig. 10). This network of hyphae is located below the leaf expansion zone and originating from here are the long, seldom-branched hyphae growing between the columns of leaf cells. Hyphal branches sometimes link two hyphae separated by a column of cells (Fig. 11). Hyphae are present ...
... branching hyphae (Fig. 10). This network of hyphae is located below the leaf expansion zone and originating from here are the long, seldom-branched hyphae growing between the columns of leaf cells. Hyphal branches sometimes link two hyphae separated by a column of cells (Fig. 11). Hyphae are present ...
What are soybeans? - Illinois Ag in the Classroom
... heating its buildings in Beltsville, Maryland, and fueling all its diesel vehicles, generators and equipment sterilizers with B20 ...
... heating its buildings in Beltsville, Maryland, and fueling all its diesel vehicles, generators and equipment sterilizers with B20 ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... Gladiolus is a flower of glamour and perfection which is known as the queen of bulbous flowers due to its flower spikes with florets of massive form, brilliant colours, attractive shapes, varying size and excellent shelf life. Gladiolus stands fourth in the international cut flower trade after carna ...
... Gladiolus is a flower of glamour and perfection which is known as the queen of bulbous flowers due to its flower spikes with florets of massive form, brilliant colours, attractive shapes, varying size and excellent shelf life. Gladiolus stands fourth in the international cut flower trade after carna ...
Physiology of Flowering- The Case of Mango Makhmale Sandip,
... floral induction. However, their direct role in mango flowering is still not conclusive. It is believed that these act in association with other phytohormones like ethylene, cytokinin or gibberellins through manipulation in cell elongation process. Role of cytokinins Cytokinins are compounds with a ...
... floral induction. However, their direct role in mango flowering is still not conclusive. It is believed that these act in association with other phytohormones like ethylene, cytokinin or gibberellins through manipulation in cell elongation process. Role of cytokinins Cytokinins are compounds with a ...
Root Hairs
... connected during much of their development (Duckett et al., 1994). The root epidermis of Arabidopsis, like other members of the family Brassicaceae, possesses a distinct position-dependent pattern of root hair cells and non-hair cells (Cormack, 1935; 1949; Bunning, 1951; Dolan et al., 1994; Galway e ...
... connected during much of their development (Duckett et al., 1994). The root epidermis of Arabidopsis, like other members of the family Brassicaceae, possesses a distinct position-dependent pattern of root hair cells and non-hair cells (Cormack, 1935; 1949; Bunning, 1951; Dolan et al., 1994; Galway e ...
Allelopathic effects of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) on germination
... of teak leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P. zeylanica and that is corroborated by earlier reports by Jayakumar et at. (1987); Sahoo et al. (2007); Macias et al. (2000); Lalmuanpuii & Sahoo (2011); Das et al. (2012) and Manimegalai et al. (2012). Inhibitory effect on seed germination ...
... of teak leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P. zeylanica and that is corroborated by earlier reports by Jayakumar et at. (1987); Sahoo et al. (2007); Macias et al. (2000); Lalmuanpuii & Sahoo (2011); Das et al. (2012) and Manimegalai et al. (2012). Inhibitory effect on seed germination ...
Rolled Vernation - CSU Turf Program
... blade.………………………………………………………………...…….……...…….quackgrass 1. Blunt auricles with short hairs; surface of upright-growing leaves shows strong veination/ribbing; leaf edges rough; very short, inconspicuous membranous ligule; base of leaf sheaths may be slightly purple; often grows in clumps in bluegrass ...
... blade.………………………………………………………………...…….……...…….quackgrass 1. Blunt auricles with short hairs; surface of upright-growing leaves shows strong veination/ribbing; leaf edges rough; very short, inconspicuous membranous ligule; base of leaf sheaths may be slightly purple; often grows in clumps in bluegrass ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology
... PsJN was determined using grapevine fruiting cuttings with emphasis on putative inflorescence colonization under nonsterile conditions. Two-week-old rooted plants harbouring flower bud initials, grown in nonsterile soil, were inoculated with PsJN
... PsJN was determined using grapevine fruiting cuttings with emphasis on putative inflorescence colonization under nonsterile conditions. Two-week-old rooted plants harbouring flower bud initials, grown in nonsterile soil, were inoculated with PsJN
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
... 30) Auxin triggers the acidification of cell walls that results in rapid growth, but also stimulates sustained, long-term cell elongation. What best explains how auxin brings about this dual growth response? A) Auxin binds to different receptors in different cells. B) Different concentrations of aux ...
... 30) Auxin triggers the acidification of cell walls that results in rapid growth, but also stimulates sustained, long-term cell elongation. What best explains how auxin brings about this dual growth response? A) Auxin binds to different receptors in different cells. B) Different concentrations of aux ...
Effects of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. leaves on the
... detrimental effect on another (receptor) plant. Allelopathy was first coined by Molish 1937 to include both inhibitory (harmful) and beneficial (stimulatory) effects of plants on each other (Rice, 1984 and Willis, 1985). Also, Weir et al. (2004) described allelopathy as any direct or indirect effect ...
... detrimental effect on another (receptor) plant. Allelopathy was first coined by Molish 1937 to include both inhibitory (harmful) and beneficial (stimulatory) effects of plants on each other (Rice, 1984 and Willis, 1985). Also, Weir et al. (2004) described allelopathy as any direct or indirect effect ...
Aquaporins: Highly Regulated Channels Controlling Plant Water
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
Cloning and Characterization of the WAX2 Gene of Arabidopsis
... acyl-CoA precursors (normally converted primarily to C 29 alkanes) toward the primary alcohol branch of the wax pathway. The leaves of wax2 did not exhibit a similar skewing in the chain length distribution of wax homologs, except that certain shorter chain length wax constituents in all classes wer ...
... acyl-CoA precursors (normally converted primarily to C 29 alkanes) toward the primary alcohol branch of the wax pathway. The leaves of wax2 did not exhibit a similar skewing in the chain length distribution of wax homologs, except that certain shorter chain length wax constituents in all classes wer ...
Aquaporins: Highly Regulated Channels
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.