ch8
... Meristem identity genes control the transition from a vegetative shoot to a floral shoot. These genes confer floral identity on the peripheral zone cells that give rise to primordia, so that they produce flowers rather than vegetative structures. Some of these genes are under the influence of photop ...
... Meristem identity genes control the transition from a vegetative shoot to a floral shoot. These genes confer floral identity on the peripheral zone cells that give rise to primordia, so that they produce flowers rather than vegetative structures. Some of these genes are under the influence of photop ...
TREE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND FRUITING
... Shoot growth in litchi is not continuous. Generally, there is a rapid period of shoot elongation and leaf expansion followed by a period of leaf maturation, before the next period of shoot growth. In litchi, the duration and interval of growth are strongly related to environmental conditions. Combin ...
... Shoot growth in litchi is not continuous. Generally, there is a rapid period of shoot elongation and leaf expansion followed by a period of leaf maturation, before the next period of shoot growth. In litchi, the duration and interval of growth are strongly related to environmental conditions. Combin ...
Control of bolting and flowering in sugar beet Early flowering in
... Vernalisation in sugar beet Sugar beet plants require vernalisation Temperature: 8°C Lenght: ~ 70 gg Early flowering Spring sowing (4-6 leaves stage) Fall sowing Temperature: 3-5°C Lenght: few days ...
... Vernalisation in sugar beet Sugar beet plants require vernalisation Temperature: 8°C Lenght: ~ 70 gg Early flowering Spring sowing (4-6 leaves stage) Fall sowing Temperature: 3-5°C Lenght: few days ...
Phenology and effect of climate on apple cultivars
... flowers are a prerequisite for the formation of the crop (Tromp et al. 2005). The amount and quality of flowers are central factors determining the size of the crop, thus representing the potential yield in the orchard. For scientists, the interest for this subject lies not only in its economic impo ...
... flowers are a prerequisite for the formation of the crop (Tromp et al. 2005). The amount and quality of flowers are central factors determining the size of the crop, thus representing the potential yield in the orchard. For scientists, the interest for this subject lies not only in its economic impo ...
Myosin XIK of Arabidopsis thaliana Accumulates at the Root Hair Tip
... cytoskeleton. In Arabidopsis thaliana, disruption of the myosin XIK gene leads to reduced elongation of the highly polar root hairs, suggesting that the encoded motor protein is involved in this cell growth. Detailed live-cell observations in this study revealed that xik root hairs elongated more sl ...
... cytoskeleton. In Arabidopsis thaliana, disruption of the myosin XIK gene leads to reduced elongation of the highly polar root hairs, suggesting that the encoded motor protein is involved in this cell growth. Detailed live-cell observations in this study revealed that xik root hairs elongated more sl ...
Root Hair Development | SpringerLink
... in Arabidopsis Mutants in which the distribution of trichoblasts throughout the root epidermis is disrupted have proven very informative in unraveling molecular mechanisms responsible for epidermal cell differentiation (Table 1). At the extremes of the phenotypes of these cell-fate mutants are plant ...
... in Arabidopsis Mutants in which the distribution of trichoblasts throughout the root epidermis is disrupted have proven very informative in unraveling molecular mechanisms responsible for epidermal cell differentiation (Table 1). At the extremes of the phenotypes of these cell-fate mutants are plant ...
as a PDF
... observed in leaf, flower and inflorescence characteristics of some cultivars were classified into eight categories (Table 2). There were variants in leaf characteristics such as creased leaf (Fig. 3A), narrow leaf (Fig. 3B) and thick leaf (Table 3). The variant with thick leaves and thick flowers wa ...
... observed in leaf, flower and inflorescence characteristics of some cultivars were classified into eight categories (Table 2). There were variants in leaf characteristics such as creased leaf (Fig. 3A), narrow leaf (Fig. 3B) and thick leaf (Table 3). The variant with thick leaves and thick flowers wa ...
Pharmacognosy practice II.
... A. The leaves are dark brownish-green or dark greyish-green, often much twisted and shrunken during drying, thin and brittle, ovate or triangular-ovate, dentately lobed with an acuminate apex and often unequal at the base. Young leaves are pubescent on the veins, older leaves are nearly glabrous. St ...
... A. The leaves are dark brownish-green or dark greyish-green, often much twisted and shrunken during drying, thin and brittle, ovate or triangular-ovate, dentately lobed with an acuminate apex and often unequal at the base. Young leaves are pubescent on the veins, older leaves are nearly glabrous. St ...
GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 and STEROL
... In sexually reproducing plants, the meiocyte-producing archesporal cell lineage is maintained at the diploid state to consolidate the formation of haploid gametes. In search of molecular factors that regulate this ploidy consistency, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, called enlarged tetrad ...
... In sexually reproducing plants, the meiocyte-producing archesporal cell lineage is maintained at the diploid state to consolidate the formation of haploid gametes. In search of molecular factors that regulate this ploidy consistency, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, called enlarged tetrad ...
WEED FLORA AND WEED DISTRIBUTION IN GRAPES
... the family Portulacaceae. Common name is Indian Purslane. In tamil it is called as Paruppu Keerai. The main stem is short and erect bearing a number of lateral branches which lie prostrate on the ground, they grow to a length of 4-20 inches and are green or ...
... the family Portulacaceae. Common name is Indian Purslane. In tamil it is called as Paruppu Keerai. The main stem is short and erect bearing a number of lateral branches which lie prostrate on the ground, they grow to a length of 4-20 inches and are green or ...
Variable cotyledon numbers in Mammillaria beneckei
... flowers. One of the most outstanding properties of these spiral systems is that they are almost always composed of two adjacent numbers of the Fibonacci series. In the Fibonacci series, the next number can be calculated by taking the sum of the two preceding terms: 1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, and so ...
... flowers. One of the most outstanding properties of these spiral systems is that they are almost always composed of two adjacent numbers of the Fibonacci series. In the Fibonacci series, the next number can be calculated by taking the sum of the two preceding terms: 1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, and so ...
Radial Expansion of Root Cells and Elongation of Root Hairs of
... water radiolysis. Ethylene production was induced immediately after gamma irradiation and reached a steady level after about 2 h. Addition of the ethylene precursor 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid partly induced a similar expansion of root cells and elongation of root hairs. Addition of an inhi ...
... water radiolysis. Ethylene production was induced immediately after gamma irradiation and reached a steady level after about 2 h. Addition of the ethylene precursor 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid partly induced a similar expansion of root cells and elongation of root hairs. Addition of an inhi ...
Stem nematode on Narcissus and Tulip
... White or purplish streaks increase in size as the flower develops on one side of the stem, just below the flower. ...
... White or purplish streaks increase in size as the flower develops on one side of the stem, just below the flower. ...
Promotion of adventitious root formation of difficult-to
... strong genetic control, and the traits were strongly correlated with each other. They identified five QTLs related to root growth trajectory; four of the QTLs were derived from P. euroamerieana and one from P. deltoides. By matching their findings with QTL and gene expression studies in P. triehoear ...
... strong genetic control, and the traits were strongly correlated with each other. They identified five QTLs related to root growth trajectory; four of the QTLs were derived from P. euroamerieana and one from P. deltoides. By matching their findings with QTL and gene expression studies in P. triehoear ...
Cycas
... The word gymnosperm has been derived from Greek words where gymnos means naked and sperma means seeds. The word gymnosperm was first used by Theophrastus in 300 B.C. Gymnosperms act as bridge between pteridophytes and angiosperms. Gymnosperms flourished well during Mesozoic era. Hence the Mesozoic e ...
... The word gymnosperm has been derived from Greek words where gymnos means naked and sperma means seeds. The word gymnosperm was first used by Theophrastus in 300 B.C. Gymnosperms act as bridge between pteridophytes and angiosperms. Gymnosperms flourished well during Mesozoic era. Hence the Mesozoic e ...
Plants Chaps 21-23 - SunsetRidgeMSBiology
... c. absorbs and transports water by osmosis d. grows close to the ground ____ 38. Club mosses and ferns have unique characteristics that place them on a different branch of the evolutionary tree from the bryophytes. Below are listed several characteristics of club mosses, ferns, and bryophytes. Which ...
... c. absorbs and transports water by osmosis d. grows close to the ground ____ 38. Club mosses and ferns have unique characteristics that place them on a different branch of the evolutionary tree from the bryophytes. Below are listed several characteristics of club mosses, ferns, and bryophytes. Which ...
Embryo sac formation and early embryo development inAgave
... The process of megagametogenesis starts with the increase in size of the FM, which is about 43 μm long and 25 μm wide. At this stage, the hypostase starts to be visible just above the FM in the nucellar tissue; this structure was detected as a well defined and intensely stained group of cells, which ...
... The process of megagametogenesis starts with the increase in size of the FM, which is about 43 μm long and 25 μm wide. At this stage, the hypostase starts to be visible just above the FM in the nucellar tissue; this structure was detected as a well defined and intensely stained group of cells, which ...
presentation source
... Calyx 5 (4, 6-9) sepals, distinct or basally connate Corolla 5 (0, 4, 6-9) petals, distinct Androecium 8 (4-12) stamens, distinct Gynoecium 2 (3+) carpels, connate, winged; superior; 2 styles or 1 style deeply divided Fruit= samaroid schizocarp with 1 seed maturing per locule (Floral formula: Ca 5 C ...
... Calyx 5 (4, 6-9) sepals, distinct or basally connate Corolla 5 (0, 4, 6-9) petals, distinct Androecium 8 (4-12) stamens, distinct Gynoecium 2 (3+) carpels, connate, winged; superior; 2 styles or 1 style deeply divided Fruit= samaroid schizocarp with 1 seed maturing per locule (Floral formula: Ca 5 C ...
A Uniform, Objective, and Adaptive System for Expressing Rice
... been used widely for describing rice growth and development. Terms that have been used to describe plant developmental time include plastochron and phyllochron. Plant age can be expressed in a biologically meaningful way by the CLN produced on the main stem. The time interval between successive leaf ...
... been used widely for describing rice growth and development. Terms that have been used to describe plant developmental time include plastochron and phyllochron. Plant age can be expressed in a biologically meaningful way by the CLN produced on the main stem. The time interval between successive leaf ...
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
... (a) Annuals : Plants live for one year. The plants which produce flowers and seeds within one season are called annuals eg. pea (b) Biennials : Plants which complete their life cycle in two seasons are called biennials. In the first year, the plants remain in the vegetative state. In the second year ...
... (a) Annuals : Plants live for one year. The plants which produce flowers and seeds within one season are called annuals eg. pea (b) Biennials : Plants which complete their life cycle in two seasons are called biennials. In the first year, the plants remain in the vegetative state. In the second year ...
Flower sexual behaviour - Formatted
... types: amoeboid and secretory tapetum. The former is characterized by an early breakdown of the inner and radial walls of its cells. In Secretory type, the tapetal cells remain in their original position throughout the microspore development. The tapetum is a higly active layer of cells investing t ...
... types: amoeboid and secretory tapetum. The former is characterized by an early breakdown of the inner and radial walls of its cells. In Secretory type, the tapetal cells remain in their original position throughout the microspore development. The tapetum is a higly active layer of cells investing t ...
Ectopic Expression of BABY BOOM Triggers a
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001941. ...
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001941. ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.