Aquaporins: Highly Regulated Channels
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
... channel activity or gating of PIPs is regulated by different mechanisms (heteromerization, phosphorylation, interaction with SYP121, protonation, pressure gradient, and Ca2+ concentration). Question marks indicate possible regulation mechanisms not yet supported by experimental evidence. In the bull ...
Characterization of New Players in Planar Polarity
... pathways that control planar polarity and cell fate specification in plants. A concentration gradient of the plant hormone auxin provides an instructive cue that coordinates polar assembly of signalling complexes at plasma membranes of root epidermal cells; however, knowledge about additional player ...
... pathways that control planar polarity and cell fate specification in plants. A concentration gradient of the plant hormone auxin provides an instructive cue that coordinates polar assembly of signalling complexes at plasma membranes of root epidermal cells; however, knowledge about additional player ...
Poison Hemlock Lesson 1 Upper - the Idaho Weed Awareness
... Poison Hemlock is a plant that is known for its harmfulness to both humans and many animals. It is plant that can grow up to 10 feet tall. It takes two growing seasons for poison hemlock to grow to its fullest. This is known as being biennial. The stem of the plant is smooth and its color is green w ...
... Poison Hemlock is a plant that is known for its harmfulness to both humans and many animals. It is plant that can grow up to 10 feet tall. It takes two growing seasons for poison hemlock to grow to its fullest. This is known as being biennial. The stem of the plant is smooth and its color is green w ...
Full Paper
... Enhanced CO2 condition improved all the growth and biomass parameters in the selected five groundnuts due to improved photosynthesis. This clearly reveals that the mechanism of enhanced CO 2 action. It was also evident that root, shoot and leaf characters of recorded response with elevated CO2. Sinc ...
... Enhanced CO2 condition improved all the growth and biomass parameters in the selected five groundnuts due to improved photosynthesis. This clearly reveals that the mechanism of enhanced CO 2 action. It was also evident that root, shoot and leaf characters of recorded response with elevated CO2. Sinc ...
Disruption of a DNA Topoisomerase I Gene Affects
... plant morphogenesis. Here, we show that disruption of an Arabidopsis topoisomerase (topo) I gene named TOP1 affects phyllotaxis and plant architecture. The divergence angles and internode lengths between two successive flowers were more random in the top1 mutant than in the wild type. The top1 pl ...
... plant morphogenesis. Here, we show that disruption of an Arabidopsis topoisomerase (topo) I gene named TOP1 affects phyllotaxis and plant architecture. The divergence angles and internode lengths between two successive flowers were more random in the top1 mutant than in the wild type. The top1 pl ...
Evo-devo and the search for homology (``sameness``) in biological
... organism (Fig. 1A and B) or between organisms that are (at least distantly) related to each other (Fig. 2A–D). Some developmental biologists then try to understand how alterations in gene expression and function lead to changes in body shape and pattern (Shubin et al., 1997; Hawkins, 2002; Wilkins, ...
... organism (Fig. 1A and B) or between organisms that are (at least distantly) related to each other (Fig. 2A–D). Some developmental biologists then try to understand how alterations in gene expression and function lead to changes in body shape and pattern (Shubin et al., 1997; Hawkins, 2002; Wilkins, ...
Louisiana Crops Newsletter - May 2015
... Neither vegetative nor reproductive developmental periods are characterized by exclusively vegetative or reproductive events. During the vegetative period, floral parts are initiated and develop within the bud. Assuming proper environmental conditions, these floral primordia eventually become devel ...
... Neither vegetative nor reproductive developmental periods are characterized by exclusively vegetative or reproductive events. During the vegetative period, floral parts are initiated and develop within the bud. Assuming proper environmental conditions, these floral primordia eventually become devel ...
Radial secondary growth and formation of successive cambia and
... parenchyma cells at a distance of about three to six cell layers outside the phloem produced by the previous cambium. During the development of new cambium, one or two parenchyma layers undergo repeated divisions and result in the formation of fiveto six-layered wide bands of meristematic cells. Ini ...
... parenchyma cells at a distance of about three to six cell layers outside the phloem produced by the previous cambium. During the development of new cambium, one or two parenchyma layers undergo repeated divisions and result in the formation of fiveto six-layered wide bands of meristematic cells. Ini ...
Alligator weed control manual
... Alligator weed requires a warm growing season, and in Australia this can be between September and May, but the growing season is commonly referred to as November to May. Growth generally slows or ceases in temperate zone winters. However, if severe frost has killed the above-ground stem and leaf mat ...
... Alligator weed requires a warm growing season, and in Australia this can be between September and May, but the growing season is commonly referred to as November to May. Growth generally slows or ceases in temperate zone winters. However, if severe frost has killed the above-ground stem and leaf mat ...
And the answer is… - Moore Public Schools
... Based on the data in the graph, if both groves have the same number of orange trees, what might the plant specialist conclude about the effectiveness of the new pesticide used in grove B? A. The pesticide is effective only after three months of growth. B. The pesticide does not have any effect on o ...
... Based on the data in the graph, if both groves have the same number of orange trees, what might the plant specialist conclude about the effectiveness of the new pesticide used in grove B? A. The pesticide is effective only after three months of growth. B. The pesticide does not have any effect on o ...
View
... with other asexual plant complexes, apomixis and hybridization are closely linked in H. perforatum [28], and interestingly the dosage of genetic factors has been proposed to influence the penetrance of apomixis, as tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes tend to be more apomictic and sexual respectively, ...
... with other asexual plant complexes, apomixis and hybridization are closely linked in H. perforatum [28], and interestingly the dosage of genetic factors has been proposed to influence the penetrance of apomixis, as tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes tend to be more apomictic and sexual respectively, ...
Identification of the ABCE floral gene orthologs
... considered as D class genes in Arabidopsis based on their functions in ovule development ...
... considered as D class genes in Arabidopsis based on their functions in ovule development ...
3. Functions and regulation of plant ß-1,3-glucanases (PR
... For more general information on plant ß-1,3-glucanases, the reader is referred to the extensive reviews by Stone and Clarke, 7 Meins et al., 4 Simmons, 6 and Høj and Fincher. 5 3.2. Structural classes of ß-1,3-glucanases and PR-2 nomenclature ß-1,3-Glucanases (ßGlu) exist as multiple structural isof ...
... For more general information on plant ß-1,3-glucanases, the reader is referred to the extensive reviews by Stone and Clarke, 7 Meins et al., 4 Simmons, 6 and Høj and Fincher. 5 3.2. Structural classes of ß-1,3-glucanases and PR-2 nomenclature ß-1,3-Glucanases (ßGlu) exist as multiple structural isof ...
Senescence and programmed cell death
... organs or individuals may be rather imprecise if the focus is not on (specific groups of) cells, with or without the context of their development in the organ or organism. Imprecision, can come about, for example, when the heterogeneity of cell types in organs is overlooked. It has been known for a ...
... organs or individuals may be rather imprecise if the focus is not on (specific groups of) cells, with or without the context of their development in the organ or organism. Imprecision, can come about, for example, when the heterogeneity of cell types in organs is overlooked. It has been known for a ...
An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development: Plant Anatomy
... appeared since the publication of the seminal textbooks of Katherine Esau during the 1950s and 1960s, but no single book that, in my opinion, incorporates both the basic knowledge of plant anatomy and contemporary information and ideas about the development of structure and form that could be used a ...
... appeared since the publication of the seminal textbooks of Katherine Esau during the 1950s and 1960s, but no single book that, in my opinion, incorporates both the basic knowledge of plant anatomy and contemporary information and ideas about the development of structure and form that could be used a ...
Tendrils
... The genus Smilax is unique in two respects. It is one of the few monocots with stipules and it is the only genus where the stipules are modified into tendrils. ...
... The genus Smilax is unique in two respects. It is one of the few monocots with stipules and it is the only genus where the stipules are modified into tendrils. ...
Types of Root System In Angiosperms
... iii.lateral roots develop endogenously, obliquely in acropetal manner. Adventitious root system • The growth of radicle is arrested • A bunch of uniform roots arises from the base of the stem, not from radicle • As they do not develop from the radicle these are called adventitious roots. • All the r ...
... iii.lateral roots develop endogenously, obliquely in acropetal manner. Adventitious root system • The growth of radicle is arrested • A bunch of uniform roots arises from the base of the stem, not from radicle • As they do not develop from the radicle these are called adventitious roots. • All the r ...
Mutation of the RESURRECTION1 Locus of
... resurrection1 (rst1), which possesses a dramatic alteration in its cuticular waxes and produces shrunken nonviable seeds due to arrested embryo development. The RST1 gene sequence associated with these phenotypes was verified by three independent, allelic, insertion mutants, designated rst1-1, rst1- ...
... resurrection1 (rst1), which possesses a dramatic alteration in its cuticular waxes and produces shrunken nonviable seeds due to arrested embryo development. The RST1 gene sequence associated with these phenotypes was verified by three independent, allelic, insertion mutants, designated rst1-1, rst1- ...
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
... adventitious shoot formation • Adventitious shoot formation is the de-novo development of shoots from cell clusters in the absence of pre-existing meristems. • In some species (e.g. Saintpaulia), many shoots can be induced (3000 from one leaf). • In other species (e.g. coffee), it may be necessary t ...
... adventitious shoot formation • Adventitious shoot formation is the de-novo development of shoots from cell clusters in the absence of pre-existing meristems. • In some species (e.g. Saintpaulia), many shoots can be induced (3000 from one leaf). • In other species (e.g. coffee), it may be necessary t ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)
... C) cell expansion is greater on the dark side of the stem. D) auxin is inactive on the dark side of the stem. E) phytochrome stimulates florigen production. Answer: C Topic: Concept 39.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 10) Which of the following is a major mechanism whereby hormones control plant develo ...
... C) cell expansion is greater on the dark side of the stem. D) auxin is inactive on the dark side of the stem. E) phytochrome stimulates florigen production. Answer: C Topic: Concept 39.2 Skill: Application/Analysis 10) Which of the following is a major mechanism whereby hormones control plant develo ...
FLOWER SHOW SUCCESS TIPS • All plant materials must be fresh
... Stem should be strong, sturdy with length in proportion to bloom size and no longer than 36 inches. No evidence of recent or improper disbudding. One set of leaves required; two or more sets preferred. Opposite leaves must be identical in size, form, and pattern. Bedding types well-branched; branche ...
... Stem should be strong, sturdy with length in proportion to bloom size and no longer than 36 inches. No evidence of recent or improper disbudding. One set of leaves required; two or more sets preferred. Opposite leaves must be identical in size, form, and pattern. Bedding types well-branched; branche ...
25 | seedless plants
... releases sperm. Many seedless plants produce sperm equipped with flagella that enable them to swim in a moist environment to the archegonia: the female gametangium. The embryo develops inside the archegonium as the sporophyte. Gametangia are prominent in seedless plants, but are very rarely found in ...
... releases sperm. Many seedless plants produce sperm equipped with flagella that enable them to swim in a moist environment to the archegonia: the female gametangium. The embryo develops inside the archegonium as the sporophyte. Gametangia are prominent in seedless plants, but are very rarely found in ...
All About aloe vera
... Egyptian Queen Cleopatra associated its use with physical beauty. It was used to great effect by Greek and Roman physicians. Researchers have found that both the ancient Chinese and Indian used Aloe Vera. In the Philippines it is used with milk for kidney infections. Aloes are referred to in the Bib ...
... Egyptian Queen Cleopatra associated its use with physical beauty. It was used to great effect by Greek and Roman physicians. Researchers have found that both the ancient Chinese and Indian used Aloe Vera. In the Philippines it is used with milk for kidney infections. Aloes are referred to in the Bib ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.