Stem and Root Anatomy and Functions. Vegetative Propagation
... 2. Which treatment(s) developed plants with the highest chlorophyll content, the most branches and pods, and highest mass? How variable were the results between replications What can you conclude from these observations?(15 points) 3. Using the data you collected, discuss chlorophyll content in old ...
... 2. Which treatment(s) developed plants with the highest chlorophyll content, the most branches and pods, and highest mass? How variable were the results between replications What can you conclude from these observations?(15 points) 3. Using the data you collected, discuss chlorophyll content in old ...
A Gain-of-Function Mutation in IAA28 Suppresses
... bind to auxin-responsive elements (AuxREs) found in the promoters of some Aux/IAA genes and other auxin-responsive genes (Ulmasov et al., 1999b). Both Aux/IAA proteins and ARFs can regulate the expression of reporter genes fused to AuxRE-containing promoters in transient assays (Ulmasov et al., 1997 ...
... bind to auxin-responsive elements (AuxREs) found in the promoters of some Aux/IAA genes and other auxin-responsive genes (Ulmasov et al., 1999b). Both Aux/IAA proteins and ARFs can regulate the expression of reporter genes fused to AuxRE-containing promoters in transient assays (Ulmasov et al., 1997 ...
V - . . (G
... leaves were collected from a talus pile mined from the upper and middle parts of the Xuanwei Formation of the Upper Permian at the Shan-JianShu site, Yueliangtian Coal Mine in Panxian County, Guizhou, China, in 1993. Additional information about the locality and stratigraphy can be found in H. Li et ...
... leaves were collected from a talus pile mined from the upper and middle parts of the Xuanwei Formation of the Upper Permian at the Shan-JianShu site, Yueliangtian Coal Mine in Panxian County, Guizhou, China, in 1993. Additional information about the locality and stratigraphy can be found in H. Li et ...
Rhynchostegium - Tela Botanica
... densely serrulate above; capsules inclined, asymmetric. 84. Stem leaves abruptly contracted to long apiculus; margin plane below, inflexed above; leaves of secondary stem imbricate and in + distinct spiral rows. Plants large, forming thick, strongly turgid patches. 84. Stem leaves acute, acuminate o ...
... densely serrulate above; capsules inclined, asymmetric. 84. Stem leaves abruptly contracted to long apiculus; margin plane below, inflexed above; leaves of secondary stem imbricate and in + distinct spiral rows. Plants large, forming thick, strongly turgid patches. 84. Stem leaves acute, acuminate o ...
Characterization of a cytokinesis defective (cyd1
... with the placement of the division site. Cytokinesis defects are also detectable in other cell types throughout the plant, defects which include cell wall protrusions, two or more nuclei in one cell, and reduced cell number. The extent of cytokinetic partitioning correlates with nuclear number in ab ...
... with the placement of the division site. Cytokinesis defects are also detectable in other cell types throughout the plant, defects which include cell wall protrusions, two or more nuclei in one cell, and reduced cell number. The extent of cytokinetic partitioning correlates with nuclear number in ab ...
Large scale cultivation of plant cell and tissue culture in bioreactors
... Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey ...
... Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey ...
Taro cultivar named `Pa`lehua`
... a deep, broadly acute to right angled sinus between lobes, up to 80.degree. to 90.degree., peltated, erect, with apex down, and palmate-venation, with entire margins (FIGS. 1, 2, and 6). Lamina appendages are absent. Leaf surface is flat and open. Color.--Abaxial leaf surface is dark green (R.H.S. # ...
... a deep, broadly acute to right angled sinus between lobes, up to 80.degree. to 90.degree., peltated, erect, with apex down, and palmate-venation, with entire margins (FIGS. 1, 2, and 6). Lamina appendages are absent. Leaf surface is flat and open. Color.--Abaxial leaf surface is dark green (R.H.S. # ...
Plant Diversity
... 2) Sporophytes use sporangia to make spores. 3) Gametophytes use gametangia to make gametes. ...
... 2) Sporophytes use sporangia to make spores. 3) Gametophytes use gametangia to make gametes. ...
Cytokinesis-Defective Mutants of Arabidopsis
... the cytoplasm after nuclear division. The key regulators of entry into S phase and mitosis appear largely conserved among plant, yeast, and animal cells (Assaad, 2001b). By contrast, the last phase of the cell cycle seems different in plants as compared with fungi and animals (Assaad, 2001b). Polo k ...
... the cytoplasm after nuclear division. The key regulators of entry into S phase and mitosis appear largely conserved among plant, yeast, and animal cells (Assaad, 2001b). By contrast, the last phase of the cell cycle seems different in plants as compared with fungi and animals (Assaad, 2001b). Polo k ...
Glossary Words
... Adnate Cap: Gills that are broadly attached to the stalk (See diagram). Alternate: Leaves that sprout on alternating sides of a twig, not opposing each other. (See diagram) Apex: Highest point of an object; the top or tip. Attached Gills: (See diagram). Axis: The central stem of a compound leaf arou ...
... Adnate Cap: Gills that are broadly attached to the stalk (See diagram). Alternate: Leaves that sprout on alternating sides of a twig, not opposing each other. (See diagram) Apex: Highest point of an object; the top or tip. Attached Gills: (See diagram). Axis: The central stem of a compound leaf arou ...
The Embryology of Patella1
... the animal pole, while in doing so they encroach more and more upon the segmentation cavity and finally nearly obliterate it. PI. I, Fig. 15, shows a surface view of these four cells, while PL I, Fig. 16, is a section through an embryo of the same stage. An optical section of the embryo at the end o ...
... the animal pole, while in doing so they encroach more and more upon the segmentation cavity and finally nearly obliterate it. PI. I, Fig. 15, shows a surface view of these four cells, while PL I, Fig. 16, is a section through an embryo of the same stage. An optical section of the embryo at the end o ...
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide
... Hand removal of individual plants (including roots) can limit spread of small infestations Repeated cultivation and improved drainage of wet areas have also been reported to be effective Apply 2,4-D to actively growing plants ...
... Hand removal of individual plants (including roots) can limit spread of small infestations Repeated cultivation and improved drainage of wet areas have also been reported to be effective Apply 2,4-D to actively growing plants ...
Class III Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Gene
... The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains five class III homeodomain-leucine zipper genes. We have isolated loss-offunction alleles for each family member for use in genetic analysis. This gene family regulates apical embryo patterning, embryonic shoot meristem formation, organ polarity, vascular dev ...
... The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains five class III homeodomain-leucine zipper genes. We have isolated loss-offunction alleles for each family member for use in genetic analysis. This gene family regulates apical embryo patterning, embryonic shoot meristem formation, organ polarity, vascular dev ...
Identification of Phloem Involved in Assimilate Loading in Leaves by
... (data not shown). No staining was present in any other tissues of mature flowers, including those of petals, stamens, carpels, or peduncles. Stem samples were free of stain except that in one sample of an older stem, irregular patches of stain were evident in the cortex and pith, especially the form ...
... (data not shown). No staining was present in any other tissues of mature flowers, including those of petals, stamens, carpels, or peduncles. Stem samples were free of stain except that in one sample of an older stem, irregular patches of stain were evident in the cortex and pith, especially the form ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Most photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll between the two epidermal layers. • Palisade Mesophyll – Compactly stacked, barrelshaped parenchyma cells, commonly in two rows – Contains most of leaf’s chloroplasts • Spongy Mesophyll ...
... Most photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll between the two epidermal layers. • Palisade Mesophyll – Compactly stacked, barrelshaped parenchyma cells, commonly in two rows – Contains most of leaf’s chloroplasts • Spongy Mesophyll ...
PDF
... ('om piles published and unpublished information on genetic markers studied in the M cdicago saliva L. species complex i:, a summary form and makes sueh information more accessible. The compilation is limited largely to traitH for which a factorial hypothesis of inheritance has been proposed. Some o ...
... ('om piles published and unpublished information on genetic markers studied in the M cdicago saliva L. species complex i:, a summary form and makes sueh information more accessible. The compilation is limited largely to traitH for which a factorial hypothesis of inheritance has been proposed. Some o ...
Dof5.6/HCA2, a Dof Transcription Factor Gene, Regulates
... tissue in the interfascicular regions of inflorescence stems and loss of the defined vascular bundles are observed, suggesting that COV1, encoding a predicted membrane protein, plays a role in the maintenance or the initiation of a defined pattern of vascular bundles (Parker et al., 2003). The mutan ...
... tissue in the interfascicular regions of inflorescence stems and loss of the defined vascular bundles are observed, suggesting that COV1, encoding a predicted membrane protein, plays a role in the maintenance or the initiation of a defined pattern of vascular bundles (Parker et al., 2003). The mutan ...
A Cotton Gene Encoding MYB-Like Transcription Factor is
... It is believed that a large number of genes play important roles in this highly programmed process (Chang et al. 2011, Wilson et al. 2011). Not surprisingly, MYB proteins are involved in regulation of plant microgamete development. AtMYB103 specifically expressed in the tapetum and middle layer of a ...
... It is believed that a large number of genes play important roles in this highly programmed process (Chang et al. 2011, Wilson et al. 2011). Not surprisingly, MYB proteins are involved in regulation of plant microgamete development. AtMYB103 specifically expressed in the tapetum and middle layer of a ...
7. Jaya Sree S., Vijayakumar N., Suseela Gomathi K., Mary Helen P. A.
... Various types of plants i.e. trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses etc. have been used extensively to cure illnesses and diseases, (Lambert et al., 1997) for therapeutic purposes, and for relieving stress, fevers, pains and infections (National Research Council, 1992). For a long period of time, plants h ...
... Various types of plants i.e. trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses etc. have been used extensively to cure illnesses and diseases, (Lambert et al., 1997) for therapeutic purposes, and for relieving stress, fevers, pains and infections (National Research Council, 1992). For a long period of time, plants h ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... parenchyma. Companion cells are absent. 6. Xylem consists of trachieds and xylem parenchyma only. Vessels are absent except in Gnetales. The xylem is either endarch or mesarch. 7. Secondary growth is seen in all the members. It is usually normal. However, anomalous secondary growth may be found in C ...
... parenchyma. Companion cells are absent. 6. Xylem consists of trachieds and xylem parenchyma only. Vessels are absent except in Gnetales. The xylem is either endarch or mesarch. 7. Secondary growth is seen in all the members. It is usually normal. However, anomalous secondary growth may be found in C ...
Bio-Botany - Textbooks Online
... Other colorless forms ingest small food particles and carryout intracellular digestion (holozoic nutrition). If green species of Euglena are kept in darkness they lose their chloroplasts and become colourless and survive saprotrophically. Chloroplasts return when the organisms are returned to light ...
... Other colorless forms ingest small food particles and carryout intracellular digestion (holozoic nutrition). If green species of Euglena are kept in darkness they lose their chloroplasts and become colourless and survive saprotrophically. Chloroplasts return when the organisms are returned to light ...
Plant reproduction - The Physics Teacher
... A clone is a group of organisms which are formed by asexual reproduction (members have identical genotypes) e.g. potato, strawberry, amoeba, identical twins, ‘Dolly’ the sheep was cloned from the udder cells of another sheep. ...
... A clone is a group of organisms which are formed by asexual reproduction (members have identical genotypes) e.g. potato, strawberry, amoeba, identical twins, ‘Dolly’ the sheep was cloned from the udder cells of another sheep. ...
Effects of Plant Size, Temperature, and Light Intensity on Flowering
... even though information on the effect of plant size on flowering characteristics is still scarce for current genotypes. Temperature constantly higher than 26∘ C promotes the vegetative growth and inhibits flower transition in Phalaenopsis, while reduction of temperatures below 26∘ C, especially duri ...
... even though information on the effect of plant size on flowering characteristics is still scarce for current genotypes. Temperature constantly higher than 26∘ C promotes the vegetative growth and inhibits flower transition in Phalaenopsis, while reduction of temperatures below 26∘ C, especially duri ...
HAESA, an Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, controls
... sion corresponds to stage 14–15 (Smyth et al. 1990), around the time when the abscission zones first begin to differentiate (Bleecker and Patterson 1997). However, this inflorescence expression is not dependent on pollination, as removal of anthers to prevent self-pollination without disturbing othe ...
... sion corresponds to stage 14–15 (Smyth et al. 1990), around the time when the abscission zones first begin to differentiate (Bleecker and Patterson 1997). However, this inflorescence expression is not dependent on pollination, as removal of anthers to prevent self-pollination without disturbing othe ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.