Download Application of micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and

International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences.
Available online at www.ijagcs.com
IJACS/2012/4-11/718-720
ISSN 2227-670X ©2012 IJACS Journal
Application of micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 on
the growth and development of Gladiolus variety
“Oscar
Mahshid Fakhraie Lahijie
National Plant Genetic Division. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj Iran
Corresponding author email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study foliar spray of
Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and floral characteristics Gladiolus variety “Oscar”. The experiment
was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the field, Varamin
Research Center. The evaluated was response and to find out the optimum dose of the same for
production of gladiolus variety "Oscar".
an efficient concentration of Feso4 and Znso4 on quality and productivity of gladiolus.
the optimum dose of Feso4 and Znso4 Plants were grown and treated with three levels of 0, 0.5%,
and 1% of two micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 and their various combinations at two- leaf and sixleaf stages. The results disclosed that solutions of Feso4 and Znso4 significantly affected plant
growth and floral characteristics of gladiolus. Higher conttents of both Feso4 and Znso4 speed the
plant growth and increased flowering characteristics. Application of 1 % Feso4 accelerated
flowering earlier than Znso4, as well as elongated days to spike emergence (21.49 days) and first
florets opening (38.28). The results showed that 2% of both Feso4 and Znso4 solutions and their
mixture delayed the days from basal floret opening and number of floret at a time. The flowering
properties like plant height (83.47 cm), length of spike (66.03cm), number of leaves (9.52 /plant)
floret number (11.55/spike), diameter of floret (8.53cm) wrere significantly different other treatments
when a mixed solution of 2% Feso4 and Znso4 was applied. It is concluded that no application of
micronutrients on gladiolus ornamental at the commercial scale will produce poor quality of
vegetative growth and low number of florets. However, It is suggested that micronutrients play a
vital role on the growth and development of gladiolus plants, because of its stimulatory and catalytic
effects on flower yield and metabolic processes.
Key words: Gladiolus, Feso4, Znso4, floret, floral, characteristics
INTRODUCTION
Gladiolus (Gladiolus) belongs to the family of Irridaceae. It is grown primarily as cut flowers. Gladiolus
flowers bear an economic and Asiatic value for its beauty and elegance .Longer florets are very interesting as
cut flower for ornamentation when arranged in vases. Gladiolus flowers are mainly exported and foreign
markets demand however, ornaments with high quality must meet the international needs of exportable
flowering plants. But the paramount problem the farmers are faceting judicial use of chemical fertilizers.
Fertilizer requirements in ornamental plants like other crops has vital role on the growth, quality of flowers, corm
and cormels production, especially when grown in reclaiming soil. (Manhgoub etal., 2006).Results of other
researches showed that in gladiolus, application of Zn recorded with high values of plant development, leaf
area, floret length and number of florets.(Paradhan etal., 2004). In gladiolus, zinc and sulphate enhanced plant
growth through activating of some of enzymes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates (Farahat etal.,2007).
Indeed, micronutrients noticeably increased number of flowers and flowering stem of gladiolus (Prabhat and
Arora, 2000). Duration of flowering and Corm production /plant was elongated along with 0.4% Feso4+0.2%
Znso4 in gladiolus (Kumar et al.,2000). Nutritional requirements of gladiolus generally vary and depend on the
prior fertilization of the mother corm. However, gladiolus crop grown on sandy soils should contain micronutrient
such as iron and boron that could be applied as fritted elements during the land preparation (Hadler etal.,
2007). The easiest method of correcting iron deficiency is the side dressing of 10 to 20 pounds of cheated iron
per acre in moist soils near the root zone(Marousky,2008). Improvement of gladiolus plant characteristics like
leaf size and number of corms when corms and cormlets were treated with a micronutrient solution of Zn and
Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (11), 718-720, 2012
resulted as the most effective nutrient examined on (Sharova etal.,2009). A viability of Zink is markedly
decreased under neutral or slightly alkaline soil or foliar spray to prevent the Zink deficiency (Woltz, 2000).
The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the response of gladiolus to Feso4 and Znso4
application and an optimum requirement of plant for growth, flowering, flower quality and corm production.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a field trail, Feso4 and Znso4 were used as nutrient solutions on a gladiolus CV."Oscar" for two
consecutive years (2000 to 2002) at the Research Farm of Varamin Research Centers, Iran. Soil samples were
taken from the field and analyzed for chemical compositions as shown in Table 1. Based on the soil analysis,
farm yard manure was mixed in the field at the rate of 130 ton/ha. Uniform size corms (2 cm in diameter) were
planted at the depth of 10 cm. The unit plot size was 1×2 m2 and plant spaced 15 cm with a row distance of 25
cm. A commercial variety named CV. Oscar was grown and given a foliar application of Feso4 and Znso4 of 0,
0.5%, and 1% solutions and all possible combinations of two chemicals at two- leaf and six-leaf stages. All
cultural practices (Irrigation, weeding, and etc.) were performed uniformly. The experiment was laid out as a
Randomized Complete Block Design. Plant characteristics such as plant height, length spike, number of leaves,
floret number and floret size (cm), diameter of floret (cm), length of floret (cm), florets opened /spike and days
for basal floret open were measured. The data were analyzed using a SAS software program and LSD test was
made for mean comparisons.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table1. Chemical properties of soil samples in the experimental field at Varamin Research Farm.
pH
6.7
OM
1.5
Ca
Mg
0.5
meq/100g
0.7
K
P
S
B
Cu
0.18
10
11
0.16
0.3
Fe
Mn
21
0.5
Zn
µ g-1
1.5
1.00
Table2. Mean comparison of f FeSo4 foliar application on the growth and flowering characteristics of gladiolus.
Treatment
s
control
Feso40.5
%
Feso41%
Cv% at
5%
Plant
height(c
m
73.62c
Length of
spike(cm)
61.38c
No of
leaves
8.52c
No of florets
9.29c
Diameter
of
floret(cm)
6.41c
Length of
floret(cm)
8.11c
Florets
//spike
22.9a
Days to
floret open
21.3a
76.14b
87.12a
64.31b
64.99a
9.00b
9.40a
10.04b
10.84a
6.97b
7.79a
8.67b
8.73a
21.9b
18.5c
2.3.1b
24.0c
9.5
9.00
10.5
7.15
9.2
9.60
6.00
9.5
Table 3 Mean comparison of f ZnSo4 foliar application on the growth and flowering characteristics of gladiolus.
Treatment
s
control
Znso40.5
%
Znso41%
Cv% at
5%
Plant
height(c
m)
73.62c
Length of
floret(cm)
59.88c
No of
leaves
7.96c
No of florets
10.13c
Diameter
of
floret(cm)
6.58c
Length of
floret(cm)
8.62c
Florets
opened
at /spike
2.2.9a
Days to
floret
opening
21.3a
76.5b
78.14a
66.85 a
61.05b
8.66b
9.52c
10.76b
11.06a
7.34b
7.53a
9.15b
9.39a
26.1b
20.3c
22.4b
24.7c
9.30
9.00
10.50
7.15
9.35
9.60
6.5
10
Table4-Effect of Feso4 and Znso4 foliar interaction on the yield of Gladiolus G
Oscar"
Treatment
s
control
Znso41%+
Feso41%
Cv% at
5%
Plant
height(c
m)
Length of
spike(cm)
No of
leaves
73.62b
59.88b
7.96b
83.47a
66.03a
10.25a
8.75
9.4
9.75
Diameter
of
floret(cm)
Length of
floret(cm)
Florets
opened
at /spike
Days for
floret open
6.58b
8.62b
2.29b
21.3b
11.55a
8.53a
19.99a
2.12a
21.8a
8.5
8.72
8.95
0.29
12
No of floret
10.13b
The results indicated that by an increase of Feso4 concentration in the nutrient solution, all growth
characters related to the commercial values of gladiolus such as flower yield, plant height, floret length, number
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Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (11), 718-720, 2012
of leaves, floret number, floret size, diameter of floret, length of floret, florets opened /spike and days for basal
floret were improved as comapared with the control treatment (Table 2). The highet plant length was obtained
by foliar spraying of Feso4 at a rate of 1%. Length of floret, number of leaves, number of floret, diameter of floret
and Length of floret were also influenced by 1% Feso4 solution. These results are in consistent with those
reported previously on Gladiolus in terms of palnt growth, corm and cormel production (Halder et al.,2007). High
concentration of Feso4 (1%) was more efficient on plant growths as compared with 0.5% levels. A positive
response of gladiolus growth to Feso4 foliar spray may be attributed to its deficiency in the studied soil.
Regarding to Znso4,the treatment Znso4 1% resulted in high commercial values of the following
characters (Table 3), i.e. plant height, diameter of floret and length of floret (Halder etal., 2007). Number of
floret, length of floret, number of floret /spike and days of first floret opened increased. The positive effect of
both Feso4 and Znso4 on Gladiolus plant growth and flower characters may be attributed to the highly deficient
of those nutrients of the experimental soils.
The interaction effects of Feso4 and Znso4 was found statistically significant for all studied parameters
like growth and flower characters of Gladiolus plants, Table (4).The effect of Feso4 and Znso4 were found to be
more distinctive as compared to the main effect. It is also noticed in the Table (4) that increasing the rate of
both Feso4 and Znso4in the combinations resulted a promising response to the different growth and floral
characters of Gladiolus plant. Recorded on the effect of treatments showed that number of days needed for
growth and flower characters were significantly influenced by Feso4 and Znso4 foliar. With the increase of Feso4
and Znso4 levels, growth and other floral characters progressively increased. The spikes obtained from the
gladiolus sprayed with Feso41% delayed the opening of floret as compared control and was also significant in
less number of florets opened. (Table2).Though it is reported that Feso4 and Znso4 both are equally responsible
for yield of Gladiolus along with the major nutrients. However, it is observed that applied 2 levels of Feso4 all
studied flower characters like plant height, effective leaves, length of spike , number of florets , diameter of
floret responded to the Feso41%.The effect of Znso4 on growth and flower characters of gladiolus are shown in(
Table3) . It appears in the table that floral characters showed better response to the added Znso4 with increase
dosage up to the level of Feso4 .It is also noticed in the (Table3) that Znso4 in single or combination significant
effect on growth and other floral characteristics. Applied two levels of Znso4at the rate of 0.5% and 1%
significantly the highest plant height (78.14cm), the longest length of spike (66.85cm), maximum effective
leaves (9.52/plant) followed by rest Znso4 1%level and Znso40.5% .The floral characters like floret number,
length and diameter of floret and highest number of floret (11.06), the larges diameter of floret (7.53 cm)
profusely by Znso4 levels up to 1%. This was differed over rest of Znso4 and control. This result partially
corroborated by (Kumar et al., 2000).The effect of Feso4 and Znso4 on gladiolus are presented in (Table4)
significantly differed. It is also noticed in (Table4) that Feso4 and Znso4 with increase rate in combination made
a promising to the different growth and floral characters of gladiolus.
CONCLUSION
From the results it could be concluded that Feso4 and Znso4 foliar spray is necessary and important for
Gladiolus plants grown on Fe and Zinc deficient soils. Foliar spraying combination with Feso4 at concentration
of 1% or Znso41% increased growth and flora characters.
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Biological Sciences.10 (4):581-585.
Kumar P, Arora JS, umar PK. 2000. Effect of micronutrients on gladiolus. Journal of ornamental Horticulture New Series .3:2, 91-93; 4ref.
Mahgoub HM, Rawia AE, Abulila H. 2006. Response of Gladiolus grown in sandy soil to znic and potassium fertilization .J.of applied
science research, 2(11): 899-903
Marousky F. 2008.Relationship of micronutrient on number of floret and quality of
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