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International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Available online at www.ijagcs.com IJACS/2012/4-11/718-720 ISSN 2227-670X ©2012 IJACS Journal Application of micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and development of Gladiolus variety “Oscar Mahshid Fakhraie Lahijie National Plant Genetic Division. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj Iran Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study foliar spray of Feso4 and Znso4 on the growth and floral characteristics Gladiolus variety “Oscar”. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in the field, Varamin Research Center. The evaluated was response and to find out the optimum dose of the same for production of gladiolus variety "Oscar". an efficient concentration of Feso4 and Znso4 on quality and productivity of gladiolus. the optimum dose of Feso4 and Znso4 Plants were grown and treated with three levels of 0, 0.5%, and 1% of two micronutrients Feso4 and Znso4 and their various combinations at two- leaf and sixleaf stages. The results disclosed that solutions of Feso4 and Znso4 significantly affected plant growth and floral characteristics of gladiolus. Higher conttents of both Feso4 and Znso4 speed the plant growth and increased flowering characteristics. Application of 1 % Feso4 accelerated flowering earlier than Znso4, as well as elongated days to spike emergence (21.49 days) and first florets opening (38.28). The results showed that 2% of both Feso4 and Znso4 solutions and their mixture delayed the days from basal floret opening and number of floret at a time. The flowering properties like plant height (83.47 cm), length of spike (66.03cm), number of leaves (9.52 /plant) floret number (11.55/spike), diameter of floret (8.53cm) wrere significantly different other treatments when a mixed solution of 2% Feso4 and Znso4 was applied. It is concluded that no application of micronutrients on gladiolus ornamental at the commercial scale will produce poor quality of vegetative growth and low number of florets. However, It is suggested that micronutrients play a vital role on the growth and development of gladiolus plants, because of its stimulatory and catalytic effects on flower yield and metabolic processes. Key words: Gladiolus, Feso4, Znso4, floret, floral, characteristics INTRODUCTION Gladiolus (Gladiolus) belongs to the family of Irridaceae. It is grown primarily as cut flowers. Gladiolus flowers bear an economic and Asiatic value for its beauty and elegance .Longer florets are very interesting as cut flower for ornamentation when arranged in vases. Gladiolus flowers are mainly exported and foreign markets demand however, ornaments with high quality must meet the international needs of exportable flowering plants. But the paramount problem the farmers are faceting judicial use of chemical fertilizers. Fertilizer requirements in ornamental plants like other crops has vital role on the growth, quality of flowers, corm and cormels production, especially when grown in reclaiming soil. (Manhgoub etal., 2006).Results of other researches showed that in gladiolus, application of Zn recorded with high values of plant development, leaf area, floret length and number of florets.(Paradhan etal., 2004). In gladiolus, zinc and sulphate enhanced plant growth through activating of some of enzymes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates (Farahat etal.,2007). Indeed, micronutrients noticeably increased number of flowers and flowering stem of gladiolus (Prabhat and Arora, 2000). Duration of flowering and Corm production /plant was elongated along with 0.4% Feso4+0.2% Znso4 in gladiolus (Kumar et al.,2000). Nutritional requirements of gladiolus generally vary and depend on the prior fertilization of the mother corm. However, gladiolus crop grown on sandy soils should contain micronutrient such as iron and boron that could be applied as fritted elements during the land preparation (Hadler etal., 2007). The easiest method of correcting iron deficiency is the side dressing of 10 to 20 pounds of cheated iron per acre in moist soils near the root zone(Marousky,2008). Improvement of gladiolus plant characteristics like leaf size and number of corms when corms and cormlets were treated with a micronutrient solution of Zn and Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (11), 718-720, 2012 resulted as the most effective nutrient examined on (Sharova etal.,2009). A viability of Zink is markedly decreased under neutral or slightly alkaline soil or foliar spray to prevent the Zink deficiency (Woltz, 2000). The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the response of gladiolus to Feso4 and Znso4 application and an optimum requirement of plant for growth, flowering, flower quality and corm production. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a field trail, Feso4 and Znso4 were used as nutrient solutions on a gladiolus CV."Oscar" for two consecutive years (2000 to 2002) at the Research Farm of Varamin Research Centers, Iran. Soil samples were taken from the field and analyzed for chemical compositions as shown in Table 1. Based on the soil analysis, farm yard manure was mixed in the field at the rate of 130 ton/ha. Uniform size corms (2 cm in diameter) were planted at the depth of 10 cm. The unit plot size was 1×2 m2 and plant spaced 15 cm with a row distance of 25 cm. A commercial variety named CV. Oscar was grown and given a foliar application of Feso4 and Znso4 of 0, 0.5%, and 1% solutions and all possible combinations of two chemicals at two- leaf and six-leaf stages. All cultural practices (Irrigation, weeding, and etc.) were performed uniformly. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design. Plant characteristics such as plant height, length spike, number of leaves, floret number and floret size (cm), diameter of floret (cm), length of floret (cm), florets opened /spike and days for basal floret open were measured. The data were analyzed using a SAS software program and LSD test was made for mean comparisons. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table1. Chemical properties of soil samples in the experimental field at Varamin Research Farm. pH 6.7 OM 1.5 Ca Mg 0.5 meq/100g 0.7 K P S B Cu 0.18 10 11 0.16 0.3 Fe Mn 21 0.5 Zn µ g-1 1.5 1.00 Table2. Mean comparison of f FeSo4 foliar application on the growth and flowering characteristics of gladiolus. Treatment s control Feso40.5 % Feso41% Cv% at 5% Plant height(c m 73.62c Length of spike(cm) 61.38c No of leaves 8.52c No of florets 9.29c Diameter of floret(cm) 6.41c Length of floret(cm) 8.11c Florets //spike 22.9a Days to floret open 21.3a 76.14b 87.12a 64.31b 64.99a 9.00b 9.40a 10.04b 10.84a 6.97b 7.79a 8.67b 8.73a 21.9b 18.5c 2.3.1b 24.0c 9.5 9.00 10.5 7.15 9.2 9.60 6.00 9.5 Table 3 Mean comparison of f ZnSo4 foliar application on the growth and flowering characteristics of gladiolus. Treatment s control Znso40.5 % Znso41% Cv% at 5% Plant height(c m) 73.62c Length of floret(cm) 59.88c No of leaves 7.96c No of florets 10.13c Diameter of floret(cm) 6.58c Length of floret(cm) 8.62c Florets opened at /spike 2.2.9a Days to floret opening 21.3a 76.5b 78.14a 66.85 a 61.05b 8.66b 9.52c 10.76b 11.06a 7.34b 7.53a 9.15b 9.39a 26.1b 20.3c 22.4b 24.7c 9.30 9.00 10.50 7.15 9.35 9.60 6.5 10 Table4-Effect of Feso4 and Znso4 foliar interaction on the yield of Gladiolus G Oscar" Treatment s control Znso41%+ Feso41% Cv% at 5% Plant height(c m) Length of spike(cm) No of leaves 73.62b 59.88b 7.96b 83.47a 66.03a 10.25a 8.75 9.4 9.75 Diameter of floret(cm) Length of floret(cm) Florets opened at /spike Days for floret open 6.58b 8.62b 2.29b 21.3b 11.55a 8.53a 19.99a 2.12a 21.8a 8.5 8.72 8.95 0.29 12 No of floret 10.13b The results indicated that by an increase of Feso4 concentration in the nutrient solution, all growth characters related to the commercial values of gladiolus such as flower yield, plant height, floret length, number 719 Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 4 (11), 718-720, 2012 of leaves, floret number, floret size, diameter of floret, length of floret, florets opened /spike and days for basal floret were improved as comapared with the control treatment (Table 2). The highet plant length was obtained by foliar spraying of Feso4 at a rate of 1%. Length of floret, number of leaves, number of floret, diameter of floret and Length of floret were also influenced by 1% Feso4 solution. These results are in consistent with those reported previously on Gladiolus in terms of palnt growth, corm and cormel production (Halder et al.,2007). High concentration of Feso4 (1%) was more efficient on plant growths as compared with 0.5% levels. A positive response of gladiolus growth to Feso4 foliar spray may be attributed to its deficiency in the studied soil. Regarding to Znso4,the treatment Znso4 1% resulted in high commercial values of the following characters (Table 3), i.e. plant height, diameter of floret and length of floret (Halder etal., 2007). Number of floret, length of floret, number of floret /spike and days of first floret opened increased. The positive effect of both Feso4 and Znso4 on Gladiolus plant growth and flower characters may be attributed to the highly deficient of those nutrients of the experimental soils. The interaction effects of Feso4 and Znso4 was found statistically significant for all studied parameters like growth and flower characters of Gladiolus plants, Table (4).The effect of Feso4 and Znso4 were found to be more distinctive as compared to the main effect. It is also noticed in the Table (4) that increasing the rate of both Feso4 and Znso4in the combinations resulted a promising response to the different growth and floral characters of Gladiolus plant. Recorded on the effect of treatments showed that number of days needed for growth and flower characters were significantly influenced by Feso4 and Znso4 foliar. With the increase of Feso4 and Znso4 levels, growth and other floral characters progressively increased. The spikes obtained from the gladiolus sprayed with Feso41% delayed the opening of floret as compared control and was also significant in less number of florets opened. (Table2).Though it is reported that Feso4 and Znso4 both are equally responsible for yield of Gladiolus along with the major nutrients. However, it is observed that applied 2 levels of Feso4 all studied flower characters like plant height, effective leaves, length of spike , number of florets , diameter of floret responded to the Feso41%.The effect of Znso4 on growth and flower characters of gladiolus are shown in( Table3) . It appears in the table that floral characters showed better response to the added Znso4 with increase dosage up to the level of Feso4 .It is also noticed in the (Table3) that Znso4 in single or combination significant effect on growth and other floral characteristics. Applied two levels of Znso4at the rate of 0.5% and 1% significantly the highest plant height (78.14cm), the longest length of spike (66.85cm), maximum effective leaves (9.52/plant) followed by rest Znso4 1%level and Znso40.5% .The floral characters like floret number, length and diameter of floret and highest number of floret (11.06), the larges diameter of floret (7.53 cm) profusely by Znso4 levels up to 1%. This was differed over rest of Znso4 and control. This result partially corroborated by (Kumar et al., 2000).The effect of Feso4 and Znso4 on gladiolus are presented in (Table4) significantly differed. It is also noticed in (Table4) that Feso4 and Znso4 with increase rate in combination made a promising to the different growth and floral characters of gladiolus. CONCLUSION From the results it could be concluded that Feso4 and Znso4 foliar spray is necessary and important for Gladiolus plants grown on Fe and Zinc deficient soils. Foliar spraying combination with Feso4 at concentration of 1% or Znso41% increased growth and flora characters. REFERENCES Halder NK, Rafiuddin MD, Siddiky MA, Gomes RK, Begam AMA. 2007.Gladiolus as influenced by micronutrient. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences.10 (4):581-585. Kumar P, Arora JS, umar PK. 2000. Effect of micronutrients on gladiolus. Journal of ornamental Horticulture New Series .3:2, 91-93; 4ref. Mahgoub HM, Rawia AE, Abulila H. 2006. Response of Gladiolus grown in sandy soil to znic and potassium fertilization .J.of applied science research, 2(11): 899-903 Marousky F. 2008.Relationship of micronutrient on number of floret and quality of cutflower in Gladiolus .Acta Horticultural 41:47-50. Paradhan AJN, Das Mishra AN,.Lenka PC. 2004.Effect of Nand K on growth and yield of gladiolus.Orissa Journal of Horticulture. Orissa Horticulture Society India.32:74-77. Prabhat K, Arora IS.2000.Effect of micronutrients on Gladiolus. J.Ornam.Hort. 3(2):91-93. Sharova NC, Rybak YUG, Marine NE.1966. Vashchivnie Teretochono Dektorat Rast .V.Moladavii Kishiner, Pp.11-17. Woltz SS. 1972.The world of Gladiolus, NAGC, U.S.A, Pp.143-9. 720 719