Chapter 4 Global action and Australia`s role
... More needs to be done to keep warming below 2 degrees and avoid the worst impacts of climate change, but there are promising signs. The level of action has steadily increased over the last 20 years and accelerated recently. The two largest emitters of greenhouse gases—China and the United States—are ...
... More needs to be done to keep warming below 2 degrees and avoid the worst impacts of climate change, but there are promising signs. The level of action has steadily increased over the last 20 years and accelerated recently. The two largest emitters of greenhouse gases—China and the United States—are ...
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... We investigate, analytically and through a numerical example using empirical evidence, the impact of adopting cleaner technologies within a framework that considers transboundary pollution emissions and where pollution emissions accumulate into a stock and therefore have lasting repercussions on th ...
... We investigate, analytically and through a numerical example using empirical evidence, the impact of adopting cleaner technologies within a framework that considers transboundary pollution emissions and where pollution emissions accumulate into a stock and therefore have lasting repercussions on th ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... run for a few years, or in the development context a few decades, climate-change projects necessarily must encompass more than a century. The result is that many of the projections and assumptions are based on very thin evidence. We begin with the standard neoclassical decisions about capital accumu ...
... run for a few years, or in the development context a few decades, climate-change projects necessarily must encompass more than a century. The result is that many of the projections and assumptions are based on very thin evidence. We begin with the standard neoclassical decisions about capital accumu ...
Air and water - Delivery guide
... The quality of our air and water is a major world concern. Chemists monitor our air and water, and work to minimise the impact of human activities on their quality. In section C1.1, the context of changes in the Earth’s atmosphere is used to explore the particle model and its limitations when explai ...
... The quality of our air and water is a major world concern. Chemists monitor our air and water, and work to minimise the impact of human activities on their quality. In section C1.1, the context of changes in the Earth’s atmosphere is used to explore the particle model and its limitations when explai ...
Climate and Carbon Cycle
... 1987). Assumed cause of this change, that occurred 8,000 years ago, is the beginning of agricultural settlements in the Northern Hemisphere. Deforestation had been leading to increased CO2 emission to the atmosphere, decreasing at the same time the natural absorptive capacity of the biosphere in rel ...
... 1987). Assumed cause of this change, that occurred 8,000 years ago, is the beginning of agricultural settlements in the Northern Hemisphere. Deforestation had been leading to increased CO2 emission to the atmosphere, decreasing at the same time the natural absorptive capacity of the biosphere in rel ...
Simulated interannual variation in summertime atmospheric
... website; http://www.ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk). This means that summertime land–sea temperature contrast increases, and it is inferred that monsoonal circulation over East Asia is intensified (IPCC 2001). However, there is little agreement so far on the future summertime East Asian climate, which is pr ...
... website; http://www.ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk). This means that summertime land–sea temperature contrast increases, and it is inferred that monsoonal circulation over East Asia is intensified (IPCC 2001). However, there is little agreement so far on the future summertime East Asian climate, which is pr ...
Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts
... will often reduce evapotranspiration and its cooling effect and thereby causes a positive local feedback on warming (e.g. Seneviratne et al., 2010; Teuling et al., 2010; Mueller & Seneviratne, 2012; Peng et al., 2014). Regional assessments clearly indicate the relevance of climate extremes on the ca ...
... will often reduce evapotranspiration and its cooling effect and thereby causes a positive local feedback on warming (e.g. Seneviratne et al., 2010; Teuling et al., 2010; Mueller & Seneviratne, 2012; Peng et al., 2014). Regional assessments clearly indicate the relevance of climate extremes on the ca ...
now - Melton Borough Council
... winters to become wetter and summers to become drier. The insurance industry has warned that premiums could rise as flood prone properties become more difficult to protect, and some properties may be unable to obtain insurance against flood altogether. Climate change effects could mean that extreme ...
... winters to become wetter and summers to become drier. The insurance industry has warned that premiums could rise as flood prone properties become more difficult to protect, and some properties may be unable to obtain insurance against flood altogether. Climate change effects could mean that extreme ...
Temperature and Heat-Related Mortality Trends in the Sonoran and
... of heat waves has increased by a fifth of a day, the intensity of heat waves has increased 0.1 ◦ C above local thresholds, and the length of the heat wave season has increased by six days per decade. In previous work, the authors of this paper analyzed temperature trends in northwestern Mexico and f ...
... of heat waves has increased by a fifth of a day, the intensity of heat waves has increased 0.1 ◦ C above local thresholds, and the length of the heat wave season has increased by six days per decade. In previous work, the authors of this paper analyzed temperature trends in northwestern Mexico and f ...
Chicago Area Climate Change Quick Guide
... • Does the risk management analysis take into account changes due to climate change? • Do the effects of climate change reflect the current level of uncertainty in the region and should a cautious approach be adopted as a result? If not, is this explained? • Does the plan include a specific commitme ...
... • Does the risk management analysis take into account changes due to climate change? • Do the effects of climate change reflect the current level of uncertainty in the region and should a cautious approach be adopted as a result? If not, is this explained? • Does the plan include a specific commitme ...
Regional Climate Change Adaptation Framework for the
... The Mediterranean has long been identified as a global climate change hotspot, one of the two most responsive regions to climate change globally1. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards in the region are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. Howeve ...
... The Mediterranean has long been identified as a global climate change hotspot, one of the two most responsive regions to climate change globally1. Currently, responses to climate-related pressures and hazards in the region are often limited to short-term and reactive local emergency measures. Howeve ...
FFESCsynthesisJune7 - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural
... of climate change. It builds the scientific foundation, sets international standards, and defines a common vocabulary for climate change science and management. The IPCC began its work in 1988 and released its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) in 2007. The research carried out through the FFESC for BC’ ...
... of climate change. It builds the scientific foundation, sets international standards, and defines a common vocabulary for climate change science and management. The IPCC began its work in 1988 and released its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) in 2007. The research carried out through the FFESC for BC’ ...
by The Hon. Justice Brian J Preston Chief Judge
... Parties with obligations under an emissions trading scheme, such as the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, including the mining and energy industries, determine the most cost effective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Australia is still to put in place an emissions trading scheme. ...
... Parties with obligations under an emissions trading scheme, such as the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, including the mining and energy industries, determine the most cost effective means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Australia is still to put in place an emissions trading scheme. ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making:
... Section 1: Introduction and Executive Summary Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a big gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There i ...
... Section 1: Introduction and Executive Summary Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a big gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There i ...
Buddhist Contributions to Climate Response
... steps to reduce impacts. This is an axiomatic tenet in most environmental (and climate) education. We assume that by providing people with all the facts about climate change, they will then be motivated to take action. However, this proves not to be true. Psychologi ...
... steps to reduce impacts. This is an axiomatic tenet in most environmental (and climate) education. We assume that by providing people with all the facts about climate change, they will then be motivated to take action. However, this proves not to be true. Psychologi ...
Exploring Climate Patterns Embedded in Global Climate Change
... cycles. The presented work sets forward a GIS-based methodological framework to explore and compare spatial and temporal patterns associated with three climate change scenarios. An implementation of an algorithm for the spatiotemporal aggregation of the anomalies is required to mine such spatiotempo ...
... cycles. The presented work sets forward a GIS-based methodological framework to explore and compare spatial and temporal patterns associated with three climate change scenarios. An implementation of an algorithm for the spatiotemporal aggregation of the anomalies is required to mine such spatiotempo ...
WHAT IS WRONG WITH STERN? Peter Lilley MP The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... achieved even less. Meanwhile there is growing awareness that the UK’s contribution to world emissions is tiny - barely 2% of the total and less than the increase in China’s emissions in a single year. And China has no intention of signing up to a binding commitment to cut its emissions. Economic di ...
... achieved even less. Meanwhile there is growing awareness that the UK’s contribution to world emissions is tiny - barely 2% of the total and less than the increase in China’s emissions in a single year. And China has no intention of signing up to a binding commitment to cut its emissions. Economic di ...
Analyses of the Effects of Global Change on Human Health and
... Climate change can affect health directly and indirectly. Directly, extreme weather events (floods, droughts, windstorms, fires, and heat waves) can affect the health of Americans and cause significant economic impacts. Indirectly, climate change can alter or disrupt natural systems, making it possi ...
... Climate change can affect health directly and indirectly. Directly, extreme weather events (floods, droughts, windstorms, fires, and heat waves) can affect the health of Americans and cause significant economic impacts. Indirectly, climate change can alter or disrupt natural systems, making it possi ...
What do the Appendices to the Copenhagen Accord tell us about global greenhouse gas emissions and the prospects for avoiding a rise in global average temperature of more than 2°C? (436 kB) (opens in new window)
... The latest studies of the science and economics conclude that annual global emissions of greenhouse gases must peak and fall to around 40-48 billion tonnes3 of carbondioxide-equivalent4 in 2020 to be consistent with a reasonable (i.e. 50 per cent) chance of limiting the increase in global average te ...
... The latest studies of the science and economics conclude that annual global emissions of greenhouse gases must peak and fall to around 40-48 billion tonnes3 of carbondioxide-equivalent4 in 2020 to be consistent with a reasonable (i.e. 50 per cent) chance of limiting the increase in global average te ...
Challenges of a Sustained Climate Observing System
... influences on the system such as the sun, the Earth’s radiation budget, the Earth’s surface and changes in the climate system from human influences. Moreover, because the climate is changing from natural and human influences (IPCC 2007) it is an imperative to document what is happening, understand t ...
... influences on the system such as the sun, the Earth’s radiation budget, the Earth’s surface and changes in the climate system from human influences. Moreover, because the climate is changing from natural and human influences (IPCC 2007) it is an imperative to document what is happening, understand t ...
Comparison of Energy-Related CO Emissions Between China and the U.S.
... Keywords: CO2 emissions per unit square land, external influences, energy saving and emission reduction ...
... Keywords: CO2 emissions per unit square land, external influences, energy saving and emission reduction ...
Florida on the Coast of Climate Change: Responding to
... INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. ...
... INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. ...
Limited Alpine Climatic Warming and Modeled
... diurnal and vertical migration, whereby the alpine zone may be in or above the PBL for portions of the day. Dynamics of the PBL and increased incidence of orographic clouds in the alpine zone may partially explain the evidence of climate change declining with increased elevation based on temperature ...
... diurnal and vertical migration, whereby the alpine zone may be in or above the PBL for portions of the day. Dynamics of the PBL and increased incidence of orographic clouds in the alpine zone may partially explain the evidence of climate change declining with increased elevation based on temperature ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.