Climate-driven enrichment of pollutants in peatlands
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
... Peatlands cover about 5–8% of the earth’s continental surface and contain one third of the total soil carbon stock (IPCC, 2000), playing an important role in the carbon cycle. Depending on climatic conditions they may act as sinks or sources of carbon and other elements. A strong connection between ...
Where’s the Beef ? A suitability study for siting biogas... methane from cattle production for urban energy consumption
... Based upon politically defined areas, I calculated the most suitable states or countries based on cattle populations or total methane stocks from agriculture. For the US, I classified states based on total cattle populations.For the world, I separated the most suitable countries based on World Bank ...
... Based upon politically defined areas, I calculated the most suitable states or countries based on cattle populations or total methane stocks from agriculture. For the US, I classified states based on total cattle populations.For the world, I separated the most suitable countries based on World Bank ...
i4332e09
... throughout the year, while subtropical areas were considered those which have a difference between the warmest and coolest months of greater than 8 oC (as well as with fewer than three months below 13 oC). For both the tropics and subtropics, subcategories were identified based on average annual tem ...
... throughout the year, while subtropical areas were considered those which have a difference between the warmest and coolest months of greater than 8 oC (as well as with fewer than three months below 13 oC). For both the tropics and subtropics, subcategories were identified based on average annual tem ...
PDF
... on the availability of nutrients within the system, and other soil and climatic variables. Dynamic models attempt to portray forest stands in transition. The so-called forest succession, or GAP models (Botkin et al. 1972), simulate gap-phase transitions in forests. They are dynamic in the sense that ...
... on the availability of nutrients within the system, and other soil and climatic variables. Dynamic models attempt to portray forest stands in transition. The so-called forest succession, or GAP models (Botkin et al. 1972), simulate gap-phase transitions in forests. They are dynamic in the sense that ...
Hydrological Cycle in the Danube basin in present
... models of various degrees of complexity constitute tools of fundamental importance to simulate ...
... models of various degrees of complexity constitute tools of fundamental importance to simulate ...
View/Open
... states that ‘most of the observed increase in the globally averaged temperature since the mid20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations’. The IPCC climate model projections from 2001 suggest an increase in global average surface temperatur ...
... states that ‘most of the observed increase in the globally averaged temperature since the mid20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations’. The IPCC climate model projections from 2001 suggest an increase in global average surface temperatur ...
Salick BygKonchar_Tibetan Agriculture and Climate
... (Christensen et al. 2007). Correspondingly, in a 40 year assessment of climate changes in the Tibetan Plateau, approximately 90% of meteorological stations sampled showed increases in annual precipitation in the autumn, winter, and spring months, yet showed decreases in summer months (Xu et al. 2008 ...
... (Christensen et al. 2007). Correspondingly, in a 40 year assessment of climate changes in the Tibetan Plateau, approximately 90% of meteorological stations sampled showed increases in annual precipitation in the autumn, winter, and spring months, yet showed decreases in summer months (Xu et al. 2008 ...
19 Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change Coordinating Lead Authors:
... likely to have already increased the risk of certain extreme events such as heatwaves, and it is more likely than not that warming has contributed to the intensification of some tropical cyclones, with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • The distri ...
... likely to have already increased the risk of certain extreme events such as heatwaves, and it is more likely than not that warming has contributed to the intensification of some tropical cyclones, with increasing levels of adverse impacts as temperatures increase (very high confidence). • The distri ...
Investing in a Time of Climate Change
... The complex world between future global economic development and climate change is an extremely difficult minefield to navigate. Figure 1 shows the magnitude and degree of interconnection between certain risks as identified by the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Report 2015. All of these pressing ...
... The complex world between future global economic development and climate change is an extremely difficult minefield to navigate. Figure 1 shows the magnitude and degree of interconnection between certain risks as identified by the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Report 2015. All of these pressing ...
Practical consideration of climate change
... measures or by using new mitigation measures or development controls? 3. Will climate change result in a significant increase in the frequency of inundation? If so is this acceptable, ie is the land still viable or does this increased frequency need to be mitigated? Figure 3 indicates that the curr ...
... measures or by using new mitigation measures or development controls? 3. Will climate change result in a significant increase in the frequency of inundation? If so is this acceptable, ie is the land still viable or does this increased frequency need to be mitigated? Figure 3 indicates that the curr ...
Argentina - Met Office
... of future changes. These reports complement those published by the IPCC as well as the more detailed climate change and impact studies published nationally. Each report contains: • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • A ...
... of future changes. These reports complement those published by the IPCC as well as the more detailed climate change and impact studies published nationally. Each report contains: • A description of key features of national weather and climate, including an analysis of new data on extreme events. • A ...
Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystems structure and function
... 1998. They found that carbon storage of China’s forests increased significantly after the late 1970s mainly due to forest expansion and regrowth. Ni [2001] estimated the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China using a common carbon density method at fine (10′), median (20′) and coarse (30′ ...
... 1998. They found that carbon storage of China’s forests increased significantly after the late 1970s mainly due to forest expansion and regrowth. Ni [2001] estimated the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in China using a common carbon density method at fine (10′), median (20′) and coarse (30′ ...
The Kyoto Protocol accounting rules
... Broadly, the ‘assigned amount’ is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a country is permitted over the Kyoto Protocol agreement period. Under Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol, 5 Australia is to meet a target of 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels annually by the end of the five-ye ...
... Broadly, the ‘assigned amount’ is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a country is permitted over the Kyoto Protocol agreement period. Under Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol, 5 Australia is to meet a target of 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels annually by the end of the five-ye ...
Accommodating Climate Change Science
... Michael Oppenheimer of the Environmental Defense Fund marveled: “I’ve never seen an environmental issue mature so quickly, shifting from science to the policy realm almost overnight” (Wilford 1988, 4). Although some scientists were skeptical of his conviction, viewing his claims to be unjustified bas ...
... Michael Oppenheimer of the Environmental Defense Fund marveled: “I’ve never seen an environmental issue mature so quickly, shifting from science to the policy realm almost overnight” (Wilford 1988, 4). Although some scientists were skeptical of his conviction, viewing his claims to be unjustified bas ...
a i5165e
... Climate change is an integral part of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a set of 17 global goals that countries have adopted to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. FAO has placed climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction at the core o ...
... Climate change is an integral part of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a set of 17 global goals that countries have adopted to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. FAO has placed climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction at the core o ...
Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks
... season; and direct anthropogenic impacts such as deforestation. The direct effects of increased carbon dioxide (CO2) on vegetation physiology could lead to a relative reduction in evapotranspiration over the tropical continents, with associated regional warming over that predicted for conventional g ...
... season; and direct anthropogenic impacts such as deforestation. The direct effects of increased carbon dioxide (CO2) on vegetation physiology could lead to a relative reduction in evapotranspiration over the tropical continents, with associated regional warming over that predicted for conventional g ...
What is Climate Change and How it will effect Bangladesh?
... thousands of published scientific articles that include research using advanced mathematical modelling to predict future changes, as well as research monitoring historical and current changes in climate, in order to produce the IPCC assessments. Furthermore the work of the IPCC is backed by the worl ...
... thousands of published scientific articles that include research using advanced mathematical modelling to predict future changes, as well as research monitoring historical and current changes in climate, in order to produce the IPCC assessments. Furthermore the work of the IPCC is backed by the worl ...
Projections of Future Climate Change
... combines elements of model sensitivity and factors that affect response (e.g., ocean heat uptake). It provides a useful measure for understanding climate system response and allows direct comparison of global coupled models. The range of TCR for current AOGCMs is +1.1 to +3.1°C with an average of 1. ...
... combines elements of model sensitivity and factors that affect response (e.g., ocean heat uptake). It provides a useful measure for understanding climate system response and allows direct comparison of global coupled models. The range of TCR for current AOGCMs is +1.1 to +3.1°C with an average of 1. ...
The Positive Externalities of Carbon Dioxide
... however, the modern rise of the air’s CO2 content is currently viewed by many as a source of concern, not a benefit. Driven primarily by gaseous emissions produced from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil, the air’s CO2 content has risen steadily from a mean concentration of about ...
... however, the modern rise of the air’s CO2 content is currently viewed by many as a source of concern, not a benefit. Driven primarily by gaseous emissions produced from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil, the air’s CO2 content has risen steadily from a mean concentration of about ...
Changing the Climate - Wyoming Outdoor Council
... itself. It used to be mostly hardware and silicon conductors in the 1970s and 1980s. Then it became mostly software. And then it became mostly internet. And now it’s branching out into new things like nanotech and biotech. Nobody knows whether those technologies will succeed and will create jobs, bu ...
... itself. It used to be mostly hardware and silicon conductors in the 1970s and 1980s. Then it became mostly software. And then it became mostly internet. And now it’s branching out into new things like nanotech and biotech. Nobody knows whether those technologies will succeed and will create jobs, bu ...
Cryosphere, Instability, Sea Level Rise Session 1
... Vulnerability in Carbon Sinks Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of ant ...
... Vulnerability in Carbon Sinks Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of ant ...
Climate impacts on flood and coastal erosion infrastructure
... infrastructure than changes in mean flows. This is because changes in the morphology of the catchment is most responsive to individual storm events and any associated increased erosion (including scour around bridges, embankments, bends, etc.) or accretion (leading to loss of channel section or bloc ...
... infrastructure than changes in mean flows. This is because changes in the morphology of the catchment is most responsive to individual storm events and any associated increased erosion (including scour around bridges, embankments, bends, etc.) or accretion (leading to loss of channel section or bloc ...
Climate Action Planning Progress in the San Diego Region
... Also significant is the Environmental Protection Agency’s efforts to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, including issuance of the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Rule. This Rule requires large sources to report greenhouse gas data, in order to help the ...
... Also significant is the Environmental Protection Agency’s efforts to regulate greenhouse gas emissions as a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, including issuance of the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Rule. This Rule requires large sources to report greenhouse gas data, in order to help the ...
Projected Heat-Related Mortality in the US Urban Northeast
... assessments, make various underlying assumptions about radiative forcing through time, which is dependent upon future global greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations, as well as land use changes. For this analysis, we selected the two RCPs most used by the climate modeling community, RCP4.5 and RCP ...
... assessments, make various underlying assumptions about radiative forcing through time, which is dependent upon future global greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations, as well as land use changes. For this analysis, we selected the two RCPs most used by the climate modeling community, RCP4.5 and RCP ...
Climate change research and policy in Portugal
... and its impacts in Portugal was published in 1987 in Portugaliae Physica.a A model integrating the perturbed carbon cycle and the atmosphere and biosphere responses to a changing climate was developed. It projected that CO2 concentration would double relative to pre-industrial values by 2080 leading ...
... and its impacts in Portugal was published in 1987 in Portugaliae Physica.a A model integrating the perturbed carbon cycle and the atmosphere and biosphere responses to a changing climate was developed. It projected that CO2 concentration would double relative to pre-industrial values by 2080 leading ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.