Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World
... Ocean warming and increased stratification of the upper ocean caused by global climate change will likely lead to declines in dissolved O2 in the ocean interior (ocean deoxygenation) with implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitat. Ocean models predict ...
... Ocean warming and increased stratification of the upper ocean caused by global climate change will likely lead to declines in dissolved O2 in the ocean interior (ocean deoxygenation) with implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitat. Ocean models predict ...
i3084e16
... In this work we adopt the IPCC definition of climate change and we accept the scientific evidence provided in IPCC’s Third Assessment Report (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports. Climate change refers to present and future changes in climate conditions. Present changes are based on observed scientifi ...
... In this work we adopt the IPCC definition of climate change and we accept the scientific evidence provided in IPCC’s Third Assessment Report (TAR) and Fourth Assessment Reports. Climate change refers to present and future changes in climate conditions. Present changes are based on observed scientifi ...
Climate Predictions and Projections Program
... and predicting long-term climate change which may have large impacts in the coastal zone (such as global warming and associated sea level rise) • Strategic plan for the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP): requires reduced uncertainty in projections of how the Earth’s climate may change in future. ...
... and predicting long-term climate change which may have large impacts in the coastal zone (such as global warming and associated sea level rise) • Strategic plan for the Climate Change Science Program (CCSP): requires reduced uncertainty in projections of how the Earth’s climate may change in future. ...
PDF
... We evaluate the impact of climate change on stream flow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) by using a regional climate model (RCM) coupled with a hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated against measured stream flow data using ...
... We evaluate the impact of climate change on stream flow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) by using a regional climate model (RCM) coupled with a hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated against measured stream flow data using ...
Advancing adaptation through climate information services
... n the past when businesses, governments or civil society spoke about action on climate change, they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think ...
... n the past when businesses, governments or civil society spoke about action on climate change, they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think ...
The demographic impacts of shifts in climate means and extremes
... 1968). Adults behaviourally thermoregulate to achieve the body temperatures required for flight, but do not elevate body temperatures through endogenous heat production (Watt 1968). Butterflies use a lateral basking posture with the wings closed and the ventral hindwing surfaces oriented perpendicular ...
... 1968). Adults behaviourally thermoregulate to achieve the body temperatures required for flight, but do not elevate body temperatures through endogenous heat production (Watt 1968). Butterflies use a lateral basking posture with the wings closed and the ventral hindwing surfaces oriented perpendicular ...
Indigenous Peoples, Lands, and Resources
... ing their identities and adaptive opportunities. Some climate change adaptation opportunities exist on Native lands, and traditional knowledge can enhance adaptation and sustainability strategies. In many cases, however, adaptation options are limited by poverty, lack of resources, or – for some Nat ...
... ing their identities and adaptive opportunities. Some climate change adaptation opportunities exist on Native lands, and traditional knowledge can enhance adaptation and sustainability strategies. In many cases, however, adaptation options are limited by poverty, lack of resources, or – for some Nat ...
09268001
... levels of most of these naturally occurring gases. Since the middle of the 19th century, human agriculture and industrialization have dispensed an enormous quantity of these green house gases into the atmosphere, where these have trapped enough heat to begin climate change. There are many evidences ...
... levels of most of these naturally occurring gases. Since the middle of the 19th century, human agriculture and industrialization have dispensed an enormous quantity of these green house gases into the atmosphere, where these have trapped enough heat to begin climate change. There are many evidences ...
Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise and the Vulnerability of
... Finally, Raupach et al. (2007) and Canadell et al. (2007) have shown that global greenhouse-gas emissions are now tracking well above the (high-impact) A1FI scenario, and that the world is not yet following any reasonable mitigation pathway. Therefore, it seems reasonable to view the higher end of t ...
... Finally, Raupach et al. (2007) and Canadell et al. (2007) have shown that global greenhouse-gas emissions are now tracking well above the (high-impact) A1FI scenario, and that the world is not yet following any reasonable mitigation pathway. Therefore, it seems reasonable to view the higher end of t ...
Climate Change - Bermuda National Trust
... Carbon dioxide, which is the fastest growing greenhouse gas, occurs naturally in the air that we and other animals exhale when we breathe. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, which is then removed from the atmosphere naturally by plants and trees, which use it to grow through PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ...
... Carbon dioxide, which is the fastest growing greenhouse gas, occurs naturally in the air that we and other animals exhale when we breathe. We inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, which is then removed from the atmosphere naturally by plants and trees, which use it to grow through PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ...
CLIMATE CHANGE Indicators for Ireland (2000-LS-5.2.2-M1) Final Report
... and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000-2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protectio ...
... and Innovation Programme under the Productive Sector Operational Programme 2000-2006. The programme is financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006. It is administered on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Local Government by the Environmental Protectio ...
Adaptation Planning – What U.S. States and Localities are Doing
... a.Developing a statewide Climate Adaptation Strategy. A Draft was released August 3, 2009 for a 45-day public comment period. Coordinated by the Resources Agency, with four other state agencies and nine other departments, six Working Groups were organized to develop the Strategy: ...
... a.Developing a statewide Climate Adaptation Strategy. A Draft was released August 3, 2009 for a 45-day public comment period. Coordinated by the Resources Agency, with four other state agencies and nine other departments, six Working Groups were organized to develop the Strategy: ...
Update on CCS in the Global Climate Picture Tim Dixon 23 January 2015
... Decarbonizing electricity generation is a key component of cost‐effective mitigation strategies • Decarbonization happens more rapidly in electricity generation than in the industry, buildings, and transport sectors • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more t ...
... Decarbonizing electricity generation is a key component of cost‐effective mitigation strategies • Decarbonization happens more rapidly in electricity generation than in the industry, buildings, and transport sectors • The share of low‐carbon electricity supply (incl CCS) increases from 30% to more t ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... vulnerabilities the Maldives faces from climate change?;” ii) “What are some of the expected benefits from the ICCR project?;” iii) “What are some of the challenges facing the ICCR project?;” and iv) “What general lessons for public policy and climate policy can be learned?”. The author supplemented ...
... vulnerabilities the Maldives faces from climate change?;” ii) “What are some of the expected benefits from the ICCR project?;” iii) “What are some of the challenges facing the ICCR project?;” and iv) “What general lessons for public policy and climate policy can be learned?”. The author supplemented ...
The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed
... which may change the physical characteristics of vegetation). In terms of climate modelling, it is important to partition Rn between H and λE as well as possible, since less λE contributes less water vapour to the atmosphere and tends towards decreasing cloudiness and precipitation, whereas decrease ...
... which may change the physical characteristics of vegetation). In terms of climate modelling, it is important to partition Rn between H and λE as well as possible, since less λE contributes less water vapour to the atmosphere and tends towards decreasing cloudiness and precipitation, whereas decrease ...
National Park Service - Montana State University
... declines in snowpack, earlier spring snowmelt, and reduced late-summer flows. While projections for future precipitation are less certain, increased precipitation is unlikely to offset increased evapotranspiration associated with even modest warming (e.g., 1–2˚C), particularly during the summer. Con ...
... declines in snowpack, earlier spring snowmelt, and reduced late-summer flows. While projections for future precipitation are less certain, increased precipitation is unlikely to offset increased evapotranspiration associated with even modest warming (e.g., 1–2˚C), particularly during the summer. Con ...
Vulnerability and Resilience in the Face of Climate Change: Current
... interactive temperature, precipitation, and windiness. Over time, the various chemical and physical processes of the atmosphere, and the influences of the ocean, land, ice, albedo, etc. have been incorporated or represented in greater and greater detail. Impacts researchers similarly developed quant ...
... interactive temperature, precipitation, and windiness. Over time, the various chemical and physical processes of the atmosphere, and the influences of the ocean, land, ice, albedo, etc. have been incorporated or represented in greater and greater detail. Impacts researchers similarly developed quant ...
Human Development Report 2007/2008 Climate Change and
... concentrated, even more than now, in the rainy season months, leading to an exacerbation of drought problems in the dry season. Climate change, then, is set to make precipitation more uneven and variable over time and space (Schaefer 2003). 2.3 Changes in Floods and Drought 12. Even before future cl ...
... concentrated, even more than now, in the rainy season months, leading to an exacerbation of drought problems in the dry season. Climate change, then, is set to make precipitation more uneven and variable over time and space (Schaefer 2003). 2.3 Changes in Floods and Drought 12. Even before future cl ...
NPS Central AK report - Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
FOR PARTICIPANTS ONLY MPDD/CSN/HLAPPD/APOA/2013 ENGLISH ONLY
... The international climate change adaptation report by the IPCC (WG2) focused specifically on coastal systems and small islands but did not mention the situation for landlocked countries (IPCC, 2007). However, landlocked countries also have specific vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, for ...
... The international climate change adaptation report by the IPCC (WG2) focused specifically on coastal systems and small islands but did not mention the situation for landlocked countries (IPCC, 2007). However, landlocked countries also have specific vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, for ...
Potential future climatic conditions on tourists: A case study focusing
... generated, which however could be disrupted in the face of a changing climate (Olsen, 2009). Thus there is a pertinent need to assess and evaluate the suitability of the destinations’ climate for tourism, in order to aid decision-making by tourists as well as the tourism industry itself in better as ...
... generated, which however could be disrupted in the face of a changing climate (Olsen, 2009). Thus there is a pertinent need to assess and evaluate the suitability of the destinations’ climate for tourism, in order to aid decision-making by tourists as well as the tourism industry itself in better as ...
A method to consider whether dams mitigate climate change effects
... and salmon has been reduced by water regulation, dam building, and land use change that alter stream temperatures. Climate change is an additional threat. Changing hydroclimatic conditions will likely impact water temperatures below dams and affect downstream ecology. We model reservoir thermal dyna ...
... and salmon has been reduced by water regulation, dam building, and land use change that alter stream temperatures. Climate change is an additional threat. Changing hydroclimatic conditions will likely impact water temperatures below dams and affect downstream ecology. We model reservoir thermal dyna ...
Carbon stock accounts - UNSD
... 7. The frameworks, concepts, definitions and standards for NGGI are the domain of the IPCC, an intergovernmental body whose membership is open to all UN and World Meteorological Organization member countries. B2. Other organisations 8. Organisations other than the UNFCCC collect data on GHG emission ...
... 7. The frameworks, concepts, definitions and standards for NGGI are the domain of the IPCC, an intergovernmental body whose membership is open to all UN and World Meteorological Organization member countries. B2. Other organisations 8. Organisations other than the UNFCCC collect data on GHG emission ...
Make YorkU a Climate Leader: The Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment
... The science is clear: greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, primarily from the use of fossil fuels, are warming the planet. The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s leading authority on climate change, states with 95100% certainty th ...
... The science is clear: greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, primarily from the use of fossil fuels, are warming the planet. The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s leading authority on climate change, states with 95100% certainty th ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.