Chapter 18 - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assessments by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, 1998) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001). Projections of climate change over the 21st century, based on emissions scenarios and co ...
... and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assessments by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, 1998) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001). Projections of climate change over the 21st century, based on emissions scenarios and co ...
Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities?
... Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), about whether the likelihood of quantified amounts of climate change throughout the coming century can be estimated. This lively debate re-emerged after the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) was published with a commentary on ‘What is ...
... Groups of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), about whether the likelihood of quantified amounts of climate change throughout the coming century can be estimated. This lively debate re-emerged after the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) was published with a commentary on ‘What is ...
The theme of slow onset impact
... The operative provisions of the Convention begin by defining both the ‘adverse effects of climate change’ as well as the term ‘climate change’ itself. Adverse effects of climate change are …changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious ...
... The operative provisions of the Convention begin by defining both the ‘adverse effects of climate change’ as well as the term ‘climate change’ itself. Adverse effects of climate change are …changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious ...
Climate: Observations, projections and impacts: South Korea
... and that no country will be left untouched by climate change. I thank the UK’s Met Office Hadley Centre for their hard work in putting together such a comprehensive piece of work. I also thank the scientists and officials from the countries included in this project for their interest and valuable ad ...
... and that no country will be left untouched by climate change. I thank the UK’s Met Office Hadley Centre for their hard work in putting together such a comprehensive piece of work. I also thank the scientists and officials from the countries included in this project for their interest and valuable ad ...
PDF
... Australia’s climate change policy has a comprehensive emissions trading scheme (ETS) as its principal greenhouse gas mitigation policy instrument. While there are undoubtedly benefits of full ETS coverage, these benefits must be balanced against potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably ...
... Australia’s climate change policy has a comprehensive emissions trading scheme (ETS) as its principal greenhouse gas mitigation policy instrument. While there are undoubtedly benefits of full ETS coverage, these benefits must be balanced against potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably ...
Iyigun et al._2013_Clustering climate regions of
... (e.g. average) and spread (e.g. standard deviation) through time and within the land scales in junction with the changes in other statistics such as the occurrence of extreme events (Türkeş 2011). The climate variability can occur depending on the natural internal factors within the climate system o ...
... (e.g. average) and spread (e.g. standard deviation) through time and within the land scales in junction with the changes in other statistics such as the occurrence of extreme events (Türkeş 2011). The climate variability can occur depending on the natural internal factors within the climate system o ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has bee ...
... Throughout the world, there is a major need for climate change science to inform on-the-ground adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has bee ...
Advancing climate ambition: How city-scale actions can contribute to
... ADVANCING CLIMATE AMBITION: HOW CITY-SCALE ACTIONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL CLIMATE GOALS ...
... ADVANCING CLIMATE AMBITION: HOW CITY-SCALE ACTIONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL CLIMATE GOALS ...
US Climate Engagement - Skoll Global Threats Fund
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
Integrated Climate Change Strategies for
... is contributing to the ongoing process. Current global changes in the climate system have been linked with unprecedented growth in atmospheric concentration of so-called greenhouse gases (GHG), i.e. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. IPCC suggests that growth in concentrations of the three ...
... is contributing to the ongoing process. Current global changes in the climate system have been linked with unprecedented growth in atmospheric concentration of so-called greenhouse gases (GHG), i.e. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. IPCC suggests that growth in concentrations of the three ...
Document
... level where the opposite is true. Furthermore, purely anticyclonic situations rarely occur over the Alpine region at the Z500 level whereas they are more abundant at sea level, especially during summer. The daily classification catalog of GWT on the sea and Z500 level is used to evaluate quantitativ ...
... level where the opposite is true. Furthermore, purely anticyclonic situations rarely occur over the Alpine region at the Z500 level whereas they are more abundant at sea level, especially during summer. The daily classification catalog of GWT on the sea and Z500 level is used to evaluate quantitativ ...
The Evangelical Debate Over Climate Change
... "greenhouse effect," temperatures would be about 60°F lower than they are now, and life as we know it today would not be possible. 16 These "greenhouse gases" include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Such gases exist naturally in our atmosphere. Changes in the sun's inte ...
... "greenhouse effect," temperatures would be about 60°F lower than they are now, and life as we know it today would not be possible. 16 These "greenhouse gases" include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. Such gases exist naturally in our atmosphere. Changes in the sun's inte ...
Presentation pack - The Global Calculator
... •the global mean temperature could increase by 6°C in the long term. •sea levels could rise, changing coastlines worldwide •precipitation patterns are likely to change so that dry parts of the world will get drier and the rainy parts will get wetter •fragile ecosystems will be put at risk •some extr ...
... •the global mean temperature could increase by 6°C in the long term. •sea levels could rise, changing coastlines worldwide •precipitation patterns are likely to change so that dry parts of the world will get drier and the rainy parts will get wetter •fragile ecosystems will be put at risk •some extr ...
Trophic amplification of climate warming
... Ecosystems can alternate suddenly between contrasting persistent states due to internal processes or external drivers. It is important to understand the mechanisms by which these shifts occur, especially in exploited ecosystems. There have been several abrupt marine ecosystem shifts attributed eithe ...
... Ecosystems can alternate suddenly between contrasting persistent states due to internal processes or external drivers. It is important to understand the mechanisms by which these shifts occur, especially in exploited ecosystems. There have been several abrupt marine ecosystem shifts attributed eithe ...
There is general agreement that the negative effects of global
... resilience, can reduce the effects of the events associated with climate change. Ayers discusses how adaptation investments should be additional to, or mainstreamed into traditional development assistance. For the most part, however, the literature has so far focused on what the additional adaptatio ...
... resilience, can reduce the effects of the events associated with climate change. Ayers discusses how adaptation investments should be additional to, or mainstreamed into traditional development assistance. For the most part, however, the literature has so far focused on what the additional adaptatio ...
Complaint
... 21. Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to climate change and persists in the atmosphere for hundreds to thousands of years. See Exhibit B at 4 and D at 1. 22. Preindustrial levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide were approximately 280 parts per million. See Exhibit B at 3. ...
... 21. Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to climate change and persists in the atmosphere for hundreds to thousands of years. See Exhibit B at 4 and D at 1. 22. Preindustrial levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide were approximately 280 parts per million. See Exhibit B at 3. ...
adapt to climate change
... It is now unequivocal that our climate is warming. Observations of increases in air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Mo ...
... It is now unequivocal that our climate is warming. Observations of increases in air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Mo ...
River Floods - ClimateCost
... Linden et al., 2009: Lowe et al., 2009), which leads to longterm stabilisation at 450 ppm (450 ppm CO2 atmospheric stabilisation in the 21st century after a peak of 535 ppm in 2045). This is a mitigation scenario that would limit the global warming to less than 2°C, relative to pre-industrial levels ...
... Linden et al., 2009: Lowe et al., 2009), which leads to longterm stabilisation at 450 ppm (450 ppm CO2 atmospheric stabilisation in the 21st century after a peak of 535 ppm in 2045). This is a mitigation scenario that would limit the global warming to less than 2°C, relative to pre-industrial levels ...
Preparing for Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
... and lake temperatures are increasing, winters are getting shorter, ice cover is decreasing, and precipitation patterns are moving toward more extreme events. Those trends are likely to continue, and most modeling efforts suggest lake levels will decline. These climate‐driven changes are exacerba ...
... and lake temperatures are increasing, winters are getting shorter, ice cover is decreasing, and precipitation patterns are moving toward more extreme events. Those trends are likely to continue, and most modeling efforts suggest lake levels will decline. These climate‐driven changes are exacerba ...
Predicting population consequences of ocean climate
... Farallon Island colony in central California. Our study projected that the auklet population growth rate will experience an absolute decline of 11–45% by the end of the century, placing this population on a trajectory toward extinction. In addition, future changes in upwelling intensity and timing o ...
... Farallon Island colony in central California. Our study projected that the auklet population growth rate will experience an absolute decline of 11–45% by the end of the century, placing this population on a trajectory toward extinction. In addition, future changes in upwelling intensity and timing o ...
Maintaining Stability
... pink paths in map 1) match much better with actual recorded temperatures (the black lines) than do models that do not incorporate these effects.5 The conclusion is inescapable that, as man-made emissions have accumulated in the atmosphere, they have caused temperatures to increase. While the greenho ...
... pink paths in map 1) match much better with actual recorded temperatures (the black lines) than do models that do not incorporate these effects.5 The conclusion is inescapable that, as man-made emissions have accumulated in the atmosphere, they have caused temperatures to increase. While the greenho ...
Changes in Global Ocean Bottom Properties and Volume Transports
... Montégut et al. 2004). The observed MLD in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean was obtained from the climatology of de Boyer Montégut et al. (2004), using the same density threshold criterion. The sea ice is also shown, as it can have a large impact on the MLD at high latitudes through brine rejec ...
... Montégut et al. 2004). The observed MLD in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean was obtained from the climatology of de Boyer Montégut et al. (2004), using the same density threshold criterion. The sea ice is also shown, as it can have a large impact on the MLD at high latitudes through brine rejec ...
Sea-level rise - Environmental Science Institute
... • Sea-level rise – life’s a beach, why worry? • Antarctica and sea-level rise • Getting out there • Science and policy – where next? Menu – human fingerprints on the last wilderness ...
... • Sea-level rise – life’s a beach, why worry? • Antarctica and sea-level rise • Getting out there • Science and policy – where next? Menu – human fingerprints on the last wilderness ...
Boreal and temperate snow cover variations
... The boreal regions have been characterised as a region very sensitive to climate change (Lemke et al., IPCC, chapter 4, 2007). One reason for the amplification in arctic and subarctic surface warming in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations is the snow and sea-ice albedo feedback, whic ...
... The boreal regions have been characterised as a region very sensitive to climate change (Lemke et al., IPCC, chapter 4, 2007). One reason for the amplification in arctic and subarctic surface warming in response to increased greenhouse gas concentrations is the snow and sea-ice albedo feedback, whic ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
... colleagues from other beats. This could be criticized as “beat parochialism” (Sigal, 1973, p. 47). At the same time, more experienced and specialized reporters know more about their topics (Wilson, 2000). Thus, beat parochialism and better informed reporting seem to be two sides of the same coin and ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.