McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
... understanding of the sustainability reporting process Sponsored Global Conference on Sustainability and Transparency to discuss issues on reporting and assurance G4—standardized approach to reporting, encouraging the degree of transparency and consistency Formation of the International Integrated Re ...
... understanding of the sustainability reporting process Sponsored Global Conference on Sustainability and Transparency to discuss issues on reporting and assurance G4—standardized approach to reporting, encouraging the degree of transparency and consistency Formation of the International Integrated Re ...
Can marine cloud brightening reduce coral bleaching?
... concentrations continue to rise, could result in very rapid warming, which for coral reefs is the most common condition leading to coral bleaching. The estimated annual cost of deploying MCB to inhibit coral bleaching around the major reefs is about $40M. However, social, ethical, and political cost ...
... concentrations continue to rise, could result in very rapid warming, which for coral reefs is the most common condition leading to coral bleaching. The estimated annual cost of deploying MCB to inhibit coral bleaching around the major reefs is about $40M. However, social, ethical, and political cost ...
Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?
... Global temperature changes are accompanied by changes in other climatic variables. Patterns of precipitation change are more spatially and temporally variable than temperature change. Based on sparse observation records, there is no statistically significant long-term trend in the time series of glo ...
... Global temperature changes are accompanied by changes in other climatic variables. Patterns of precipitation change are more spatially and temporally variable than temperature change. Based on sparse observation records, there is no statistically significant long-term trend in the time series of glo ...
2. coral reefs and climate change: susceptibility and consequences
... other ways. For example, reproduction and growth may be affected for up to two years after a bleaching event, thus frequent bleaching events will have major impacts on the corals and the reefs they build. Evidence from the field also indicates that stressed corals are more vulnerable to pathogens th ...
... other ways. For example, reproduction and growth may be affected for up to two years after a bleaching event, thus frequent bleaching events will have major impacts on the corals and the reefs they build. Evidence from the field also indicates that stressed corals are more vulnerable to pathogens th ...
College greenhouse gas inventory
... its global warming potential, as defined by the IPCC. It expresses the total warming effect of all Kyoto greenhouse gases in terms of equivalent concentrations of carbon dioxide. Total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by this definition are 430 ppm (CDE). CDE is preferred over only carbon dioxide ...
... its global warming potential, as defined by the IPCC. It expresses the total warming effect of all Kyoto greenhouse gases in terms of equivalent concentrations of carbon dioxide. Total greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by this definition are 430 ppm (CDE). CDE is preferred over only carbon dioxide ...
CO2 emissions from biomass combustion for bioenergy
... et al., 2010). Most of the studies generally find a reduction in the contribution to climate change when bioenergy systems are compared to fossil reference systems, provided that permanent changes in terrestrial C pools are minimized (Quirin et al., 2004; Searcy & Flynn, 2008). One of the main reaso ...
... et al., 2010). Most of the studies generally find a reduction in the contribution to climate change when bioenergy systems are compared to fossil reference systems, provided that permanent changes in terrestrial C pools are minimized (Quirin et al., 2004; Searcy & Flynn, 2008). One of the main reaso ...
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on Ocean
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
... find a small negative correlation between H and q. We suggest that this is due to methodological differences. In particular, Geoffroy et al. [2013b] include the ocean mixed layer, the atmosphere, and the land domain in the upper layer of the EBM, while here we have focused on the ocean domain. We al ...
Climate-induced migration and displacement: closing the policy gap
... and these extreme events can push people into poverty while also limiting opportunities to escape from poverty (Shepherd et al., 2013; Wilkinson and Peters, 2015). Compared with extensive risk, movement in response to intensive risk can often be attributed to a particular disaster as the primary tri ...
... and these extreme events can push people into poverty while also limiting opportunities to escape from poverty (Shepherd et al., 2013; Wilkinson and Peters, 2015). Compared with extensive risk, movement in response to intensive risk can often be attributed to a particular disaster as the primary tri ...
publication (accessible PDF, 2.8 MB)
... on which this report is based, has undoubtedly been the Paris Climate Summit. The IKI did its part to ensure that the international community was able to reach a breakthrough agreement. It offered advisory services far in advance of the crucial days of negotiation in November and December 2015: alre ...
... on which this report is based, has undoubtedly been the Paris Climate Summit. The IKI did its part to ensure that the international community was able to reach a breakthrough agreement. It offered advisory services far in advance of the crucial days of negotiation in November and December 2015: alre ...
Module 2 - UNFCC related Funds - Global Climate Change Alliance
... 3. Once PIF is approved by the GEF Secretariat, it is posted for LDCF/SCCF Council approval on a no-objection basis for 4 weeks 4. Submission of full project proposal document must be within 18 months of PIF approval (12 months for MSPs (<$2m)) [1 step process starts here] 5. Again 10 business days ...
... 3. Once PIF is approved by the GEF Secretariat, it is posted for LDCF/SCCF Council approval on a no-objection basis for 4 weeks 4. Submission of full project proposal document must be within 18 months of PIF approval (12 months for MSPs (<$2m)) [1 step process starts here] 5. Again 10 business days ...
Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies
... Meteorology and Weather Forecasting The application of dynamical and physical meteorology to the analysis and prediction of the atmosphere. Topics include application of numerical and statistical models, diagnosis of vertical motion, development of midlatitude synoptic systems, mesoscale phenomena a ...
... Meteorology and Weather Forecasting The application of dynamical and physical meteorology to the analysis and prediction of the atmosphere. Topics include application of numerical and statistical models, diagnosis of vertical motion, development of midlatitude synoptic systems, mesoscale phenomena a ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Baltic Countries
... implementation plan of the strategy, did not specify climate change adaptation as goal or activity of the Estonian environmental policy (Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Estonia 2007 and 2008). On national level, the focus so far has been on greenhouse gases mitigation policy and crisi ...
... implementation plan of the strategy, did not specify climate change adaptation as goal or activity of the Estonian environmental policy (Ministry of the Environment of the Republic of Estonia 2007 and 2008). On national level, the focus so far has been on greenhouse gases mitigation policy and crisi ...
A Complex Constellation: Displacement, Climate Change and Arctic
... MOBILITY (MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATIONS In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration.8 The report estimated that by 2050, 150 million people could be displaced by climate change-related ...
... MOBILITY (MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND RELOCATIONS In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration.8 The report estimated that by 2050, 150 million people could be displaced by climate change-related ...
Project Document for WP (Part 1)
... the 1994 inventory using the revised IPCC methodology (1996). To compare the GHG emission evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factor ...
... the 1994 inventory using the revised IPCC methodology (1996). To compare the GHG emission evolution, the UCC also recalculated the 1990 inventory with the revised methodology. The 1994 Inventory, including its comparison with the 1990 inventory, was published in November 1998. Again, emission factor ...
PDF
... the China's National Climate Change Program to address climate change with specific objectives, principles, policies and measures. China's government has recognized that during the past 100 years, and especially the last 50 years, annual average air temperatures have increased, precipitation variati ...
... the China's National Climate Change Program to address climate change with specific objectives, principles, policies and measures. China's government has recognized that during the past 100 years, and especially the last 50 years, annual average air temperatures have increased, precipitation variati ...
View/Open
... emerging2. Scientists agree that the most severe drought effects will be felt in mid-latitude, inland continental areas, especially in the summer season, possibly leading to a loss of soil humidity and increased erosion. In this event, Spain will be among the regions most severely affected. Moreover ...
... emerging2. Scientists agree that the most severe drought effects will be felt in mid-latitude, inland continental areas, especially in the summer season, possibly leading to a loss of soil humidity and increased erosion. In this event, Spain will be among the regions most severely affected. Moreover ...
SEMIQUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL CLIMATE
... Several attempts to generate differential vulnerability maps were made during the recent TAR process, but not released for publication due to their premature character. There are, on the other hand, elaborate studies that try to account for all possible costs and benefits of climate change including ...
... Several attempts to generate differential vulnerability maps were made during the recent TAR process, but not released for publication due to their premature character. There are, on the other hand, elaborate studies that try to account for all possible costs and benefits of climate change including ...
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting
... to livestock accurately, and to recommend measures to reduce GHG emissions attributable to the livestock sector. In our World Watch article, we proposed that almost the entire goal of recent climate treaty negotiations could be achieved by replacing one quarter of today’s human food products derivi ...
... to livestock accurately, and to recommend measures to reduce GHG emissions attributable to the livestock sector. In our World Watch article, we proposed that almost the entire goal of recent climate treaty negotiations could be achieved by replacing one quarter of today’s human food products derivi ...
Shifting plant phenology in response to global change
... approaches is necessary to understand how phenology will shift in response to different aspects of global change, and to identify the processes that scale between species and ecosystem phenology. Phenology and climate are intimately linked Phenology is a dominant and often overlooked aspect of plant ...
... approaches is necessary to understand how phenology will shift in response to different aspects of global change, and to identify the processes that scale between species and ecosystem phenology. Phenology and climate are intimately linked Phenology is a dominant and often overlooked aspect of plant ...
The Spatial Dimensions of Climate Change at the Mega
... An adaptation of the mega-urban region of HCMC to climate change can only be achieved through the broad integration of urban and environmental planning approaches (see Figure 2). The scale of the megacity itself presents the opportunity for sector-specific adaptation and mitigation approaches to com ...
... An adaptation of the mega-urban region of HCMC to climate change can only be achieved through the broad integration of urban and environmental planning approaches (see Figure 2). The scale of the megacity itself presents the opportunity for sector-specific adaptation and mitigation approaches to com ...
A district level assessment of vulnerability of
... agriculture to climate change and variability at the district level. Because of its transparency, this method was followed in many studies that assessed vulnerability. Deressa et al.21 ranked the seven Ethiopian states based on vulnerability indices constructed, following an integrated approach. Eri ...
... agriculture to climate change and variability at the district level. Because of its transparency, this method was followed in many studies that assessed vulnerability. Deressa et al.21 ranked the seven Ethiopian states based on vulnerability indices constructed, following an integrated approach. Eri ...
OPEN-ENDED CONSULTATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
... Mr. Humphreys pointed to four policy areas where attention to human rights would prove particularly fruitful. First, in the area of adaptation, a human rights focus could help mobilize international funding, which was sorely lacking, while also guiding the use and prioritization of such funding. A h ...
... Mr. Humphreys pointed to four policy areas where attention to human rights would prove particularly fruitful. First, in the area of adaptation, a human rights focus could help mobilize international funding, which was sorely lacking, while also guiding the use and prioritization of such funding. A h ...
PDF
... Australia’s climate change policy has a comprehensive emissions trading scheme (ETS) as its principal greenhouse gas mitigation policy instrument. While there are undoubtedly benefits of full ETS coverage, these benefits must be balanced against potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably ...
... Australia’s climate change policy has a comprehensive emissions trading scheme (ETS) as its principal greenhouse gas mitigation policy instrument. While there are undoubtedly benefits of full ETS coverage, these benefits must be balanced against potential costs if emissions that cannot be affordably ...
Chapter 18 - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assessments by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, 1998) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001). Projections of climate change over the 21st century, based on emissions scenarios and co ...
... and indigenous (Chapter 3) observations, and information from the latest assessments by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP, 1998) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001). Projections of climate change over the 21st century, based on emissions scenarios and co ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.