Drivers of adaptation: Responses to weather
... change adaptation that is already occurring is being motivated by other factors than climate change itself (Amundsen et al., 2010; Berrang-Ford et al., 2011; Bulkeley, 2010; Smit and Wandel, 2006). Which brings us to our main question for this research: Why do communities take action in the face of ...
... change adaptation that is already occurring is being motivated by other factors than climate change itself (Amundsen et al., 2010; Berrang-Ford et al., 2011; Bulkeley, 2010; Smit and Wandel, 2006). Which brings us to our main question for this research: Why do communities take action in the face of ...
Make YorkU a Climate Leader: The Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment
... The science is clear: greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, primarily from the use of fossil fuels, are warming the planet. The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s leading authority on climate change, states with 95100% certainty th ...
... The science is clear: greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, primarily from the use of fossil fuels, are warming the planet. The most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the world’s leading authority on climate change, states with 95100% certainty th ...
Aviation`s Contribution to Climate Change
... According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability, or as a result of human activity. Global climate change is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the lower atmosphere (se ...
... According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability, or as a result of human activity. Global climate change is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the lower atmosphere (se ...
Climate Change and Tourism - United Nations Department of
... The IPCC has projected that the pace of climate change is ‘very likely’ (> 90% probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by ...
... The IPCC has projected that the pace of climate change is ‘very likely’ (> 90% probability) to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above current rates, with the best estimate that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by ...
Modifying the 2°C Target - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik
... of the Parties to the UNFCCC: “[The Conference of the Parties, COP] further recognizes that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required according to science, […] so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above preindustrial levels.” 6 To date, however, there ha ...
... of the Parties to the UNFCCC: “[The Conference of the Parties, COP] further recognizes that deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are required according to science, […] so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2°C above preindustrial levels.” 6 To date, however, there ha ...
Climate Change Adaptation Planning Manual
... Why Start Planning for Climate Change Adaptation Now? .........................................................................2 About This Adaptation Planning Manual............................................................................................................2 Climate Change Adaptat ...
... Why Start Planning for Climate Change Adaptation Now? .........................................................................2 About This Adaptation Planning Manual............................................................................................................2 Climate Change Adaptat ...
Top-down vs bottom-up - working paper version
... Second, whereas for some collective efforts the most relevant basis for effort-sharing is a country’s capacity to pay, in the climate change context this is complicated by additional factors, including varying degrees of responsibility for past and current emissions. Survey data suggest that there i ...
... Second, whereas for some collective efforts the most relevant basis for effort-sharing is a country’s capacity to pay, in the climate change context this is complicated by additional factors, including varying degrees of responsibility for past and current emissions. Survey data suggest that there i ...
Open file
... responsible for this feature. 9. To study the dynamics of the Earth’s crust in the Queen Maud Land area of Schirmarcher Oasis and Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. 10. To study the mass balance and ice dynamics of the Nivlisen ice shelf in Antarctica ...
... responsible for this feature. 9. To study the dynamics of the Earth’s crust in the Queen Maud Land area of Schirmarcher Oasis and Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. 10. To study the mass balance and ice dynamics of the Nivlisen ice shelf in Antarctica ...
Report of DPWG
... NCAR Climate Change and Climate Variability Working Groups Twin perfect model experiments that can be used as a testbed for the DPWG metrics study * CCSM3 * 40 member ensembles * 60-year integrations Twin #1 : A1B Scenario (runs done) Twin #2 : Year 2000 Stabilization ...
... NCAR Climate Change and Climate Variability Working Groups Twin perfect model experiments that can be used as a testbed for the DPWG metrics study * CCSM3 * 40 member ensembles * 60-year integrations Twin #1 : A1B Scenario (runs done) Twin #2 : Year 2000 Stabilization ...
CLIMATE CHANGE and AGRARIAN SOCIETIES IN
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
... rainfall to be lost in evaporation, and the intensity of tropical storms ensures that much of it runs off in floods. Water supply is not only meagre in absolute terms but also of very limited availability for human and natural uses. The other dominant characteristic of dryland climates is substantia ...
Atmospheric fronts in current and future climates
... Abstract Atmospheric fronts are important for the day-to-day variability of weather in the midlatitudes. It is therefore vital to know how their distribution and frequency will change in a projected warmer climate. Here we apply an objective front identification method, based on a thermal front param ...
... Abstract Atmospheric fronts are important for the day-to-day variability of weather in the midlatitudes. It is therefore vital to know how their distribution and frequency will change in a projected warmer climate. Here we apply an objective front identification method, based on a thermal front param ...
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change in Berlin – AFOK
... answer is: both. Both are essential. Therefore, it is good that Berlin does both. The Berlin Energy and Climate Protection Programme want to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and aims at carbon neutrality until 2050. The ‘Berlin Concept for Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change’ (AFOK) p ...
... answer is: both. Both are essential. Therefore, it is good that Berlin does both. The Berlin Energy and Climate Protection Programme want to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and aims at carbon neutrality until 2050. The ‘Berlin Concept for Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change’ (AFOK) p ...
Adaptation of crops to climate change through genotypic responses
... et al., 2005). There is also some evidence that the beneficial impacts of CO2 may not be as large as previously thought (Long et al., 2005). These observations are merely suggestive, however; there may be an interaction between high CO2 and high temperature stress that, if parameterised, would produ ...
... et al., 2005). There is also some evidence that the beneficial impacts of CO2 may not be as large as previously thought (Long et al., 2005). These observations are merely suggestive, however; there may be an interaction between high CO2 and high temperature stress that, if parameterised, would produ ...
here - Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy
... Together, these components can invigorate the climate change negotiations, support the “Agenda of Solutions” that the 2015 Paris Agreement needs to advance, and build post-Paris momentum. While important steps to achieve each of the three components must precede the 2015 Paris Agreement, equally ess ...
... Together, these components can invigorate the climate change negotiations, support the “Agenda of Solutions” that the 2015 Paris Agreement needs to advance, and build post-Paris momentum. While important steps to achieve each of the three components must precede the 2015 Paris Agreement, equally ess ...
Assessment of impacts of agricultural and climate change scenarios
... combined impacts of climate change and land use change on hydrological and/or pollutant responses within an agricultural context. Mehdi et al. (2015a, b) describe similar methodologies of analyzing future agricultural land use and management scenarios for forecasted land use for watersheds that drai ...
... combined impacts of climate change and land use change on hydrological and/or pollutant responses within an agricultural context. Mehdi et al. (2015a, b) describe similar methodologies of analyzing future agricultural land use and management scenarios for forecasted land use for watersheds that drai ...
Hydro_CC_0729 - University of Washington
... The relative change in each hydrologic variable between the first 20 yr and the last 20 yr of the last half of the twentieth century was examined. The relative change was computed as 100 times the difference between 1980-99 and 1950-69, divided by 1950-69 value. Computing the PCMDI/AR4 ensemble medi ...
... The relative change in each hydrologic variable between the first 20 yr and the last 20 yr of the last half of the twentieth century was examined. The relative change was computed as 100 times the difference between 1980-99 and 1950-69, divided by 1950-69 value. Computing the PCMDI/AR4 ensemble medi ...
The EU and the progressive alliance negotiating in Durban
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
... great influence on its international image and credibility. After Copenhagen, the EU shifted its attention (back) to its traditional allies within international climate negotiations, the least-developed country (LDC) group and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). These countries have come to ...
A Proposed New Metric For Quantifying The Climatic Effects Of Human-Caused
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
Climate Change in the Western United States Grape Growing Regions
... are fewer frost days, earlier last spring frosts, later first fall frosts, and warmer and longer growing seasons (Jones, 1997; Moonan et al., 2002). While average growing season temperatures, growing degree-days, and frost occurrences and probabilities exist for many climate stations in California, ...
... are fewer frost days, earlier last spring frosts, later first fall frosts, and warmer and longer growing seasons (Jones, 1997; Moonan et al., 2002). While average growing season temperatures, growing degree-days, and frost occurrences and probabilities exist for many climate stations in California, ...
Climate Change and Poverty in Mozambique
... years and perhaps the last millennium. The hottest 22 years on record have occurred since 1980, and 2005 was the hottest of all. The nearly universal consensus amongst scientists is that this warming trend has been triggered by the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses by human acti ...
... years and perhaps the last millennium. The hottest 22 years on record have occurred since 1980, and 2005 was the hottest of all. The nearly universal consensus amongst scientists is that this warming trend has been triggered by the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses by human acti ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... export crop. The main food crops are rice and coarse grains (millet, sorghum and maize), which are both vulnerable to climate change. Switching to less vulnerable crops/cultivars is a desirable adaptation measure. 5. Average rainfall has declined by 30% in the last half century. The country is direc ...
... export crop. The main food crops are rice and coarse grains (millet, sorghum and maize), which are both vulnerable to climate change. Switching to less vulnerable crops/cultivars is a desirable adaptation measure. 5. Average rainfall has declined by 30% in the last half century. The country is direc ...
Climate Change and US Interests
... try to insulate itself from outside events. Yet no model we know of accounts for the costs of isolationism.21 Although such costs are hard to quantify, this challenge is no reason to count them as zero. The fact that economic models fail to account for all relevant impacts is not news. The authors o ...
... try to insulate itself from outside events. Yet no model we know of accounts for the costs of isolationism.21 Although such costs are hard to quantify, this challenge is no reason to count them as zero. The fact that economic models fail to account for all relevant impacts is not news. The authors o ...
Corporate Responses in an Emerging Climate Regime
... federal regulation, states have taken the initiative on climate change, and several multi-state systems are in various stages of design. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), which will impose a mandatory cap-and-trade system on power plants in 10 North-eastern and Mid-Atlantic states, will ...
... federal regulation, states have taken the initiative on climate change, and several multi-state systems are in various stages of design. The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), which will impose a mandatory cap-and-trade system on power plants in 10 North-eastern and Mid-Atlantic states, will ...
Simulating Picea schrenkiana forest productivity under climatic
... Fischlin (1996) have suggested that the first response of forests to climate change and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase will likely be an increase in productivity. Although there is a long history of forest net primary productivity (NPP) studies, it is not yet clear how forest NPP will respon ...
... Fischlin (1996) have suggested that the first response of forests to climate change and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase will likely be an increase in productivity. Although there is a long history of forest net primary productivity (NPP) studies, it is not yet clear how forest NPP will respon ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.