impact of warmer climate on lake Geneva water
... indicate an increase in monthly epilimnic and hypolimnic temperatures of 2.32–3.8 °C and 2.2–2.33 °C, respectively. The rising of epilimnic temperatures corresponds to 55%–98% of the monthly increase in air temperature. The stratification period lasts longer and the lake stability increases. Thus th ...
... indicate an increase in monthly epilimnic and hypolimnic temperatures of 2.32–3.8 °C and 2.2–2.33 °C, respectively. The rising of epilimnic temperatures corresponds to 55%–98% of the monthly increase in air temperature. The stratification period lasts longer and the lake stability increases. Thus th ...
REVIEW SUMMARY Multiple Dimensions of Climate Change and
... Raquel A. Garcia,* Mar Cabeza, Carsten Rahbek, Miguel B. Araújo* Background: Changes in Earth’s climate over time can be measured in Outlook: Forecasting the long-term impacts of future climate changes many ways. The different metrics available represent alternative dimen- on biodiversity is challen ...
... Raquel A. Garcia,* Mar Cabeza, Carsten Rahbek, Miguel B. Araújo* Background: Changes in Earth’s climate over time can be measured in Outlook: Forecasting the long-term impacts of future climate changes many ways. The different metrics available represent alternative dimen- on biodiversity is challen ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... run for a few years, or in the development context a few decades, climate-change projects necessarily must encompass more than a century. The result is that many of the projections and assumptions are based on very thin evidence. We begin with the standard neoclassical decisions about capital accumu ...
... run for a few years, or in the development context a few decades, climate-change projects necessarily must encompass more than a century. The result is that many of the projections and assumptions are based on very thin evidence. We begin with the standard neoclassical decisions about capital accumu ...
The impact of Atmospheric and Oceanic Resolution on
... – Justification for High Resolution Climate Modeling ...
... – Justification for High Resolution Climate Modeling ...
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
... At Marrakech Parties did not succeed to attain consent in relation to legal character of the mode of observance of obligations, in particular in relation to that, whether must be statutory normative approvals for non-fulfillment by the countries of the obligations. The decision-making this is carrie ...
Sea levels: change and variability during warm intervals Robin Edwards* Progress report
... level is only one of a number of variables that influence coral-reef development. Other important parameters include nutrient supply, hydrodynamic conditions and substrate availability (Montaggioni, 2005). In fact, Kench et al. (2005a) have recently proposed a new model of reef-island evolution, bas ...
... level is only one of a number of variables that influence coral-reef development. Other important parameters include nutrient supply, hydrodynamic conditions and substrate availability (Montaggioni, 2005). In fact, Kench et al. (2005a) have recently proposed a new model of reef-island evolution, bas ...
Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic
... The Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the fastest rates of regional climate change on Earth, resulting in the collapse of ice shelves, the retreat of glaciers and the exposure of new terrestrial habitat. In the nearby oceanic system, winter sea ice in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas ha ...
... The Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the fastest rates of regional climate change on Earth, resulting in the collapse of ice shelves, the retreat of glaciers and the exposure of new terrestrial habitat. In the nearby oceanic system, winter sea ice in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas ha ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... between 1993 and 2003 disagreed with conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The year after the Boykoff and Boykoff study (2004) was published, the journalism trade publication Nieman Re ...
... between 1993 and 2003 disagreed with conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The year after the Boykoff and Boykoff study (2004) was published, the journalism trade publication Nieman Re ...
published in Global Environmental Change in 2011
... 2007, O'Neill and Boykoff, 2010). One particularly high-profile example of the ‘sceptical’ or contrarian discourse was the television documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle aired in the UK in 2007, which argued that anthropogenic climate change is ‘a scam’ fabricated by antiindustrial environm ...
... 2007, O'Neill and Boykoff, 2010). One particularly high-profile example of the ‘sceptical’ or contrarian discourse was the television documentary The Great Global Warming Swindle aired in the UK in 2007, which argued that anthropogenic climate change is ‘a scam’ fabricated by antiindustrial environm ...
10 Years of Advancing Knowledge on the Global Carbon Cycle and
... CO2 Removal by Natural Sinks: Ocean and Land Natural land and ocean CO2 sinks removed 57% (or 5.3 PgC per year) of all CO2 emitted from human activities during 1958-2008. During this period the size of the natural sinks has grown, but likely at a slower pace than emissions have grown, although the y ...
... CO2 Removal by Natural Sinks: Ocean and Land Natural land and ocean CO2 sinks removed 57% (or 5.3 PgC per year) of all CO2 emitted from human activities during 1958-2008. During this period the size of the natural sinks has grown, but likely at a slower pace than emissions have grown, although the y ...
The impact of climate change on domestic and international tourism
... Climate is an important factor in the destination choice of tourists. Hamilton et al. (2005a,b)found that climate change shifts international tourism flows towards higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on ...
... Climate is an important factor in the destination choice of tourists. Hamilton et al. (2005a,b)found that climate change shifts international tourism flows towards higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on ...
Stockholm University
... increases by 12 K in RCP8.5, with largest warming in the Barents Sea region. The warming is most pronounced in winter and autumn and in the lower atmosphere. The Arctic winter temperature inversion is reduced in all scenarios and disappears in RCP8.5. The Arctic becomes ice free in September in all ...
... increases by 12 K in RCP8.5, with largest warming in the Barents Sea region. The warming is most pronounced in winter and autumn and in the lower atmosphere. The Arctic winter temperature inversion is reduced in all scenarios and disappears in RCP8.5. The Arctic becomes ice free in September in all ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Ottawa
... Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shore of Canada. Ontario lies in the boundary o ...
... Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shore of Canada. Ontario lies in the boundary o ...
Can actuaries really afford to ignore climate
... We have predicted a wide range of increases in mean claim costs from bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climat ...
... We have predicted a wide range of increases in mean claim costs from bushfire, cyclones and riverine floods. This wide range reflects the uncertainty in the level of future emissions, the lack of certainty on the impact of climate change on natural perils in Australia, and calls for further climat ...
Taking the temperature - Sustainable Development Unit
... Retreating glaciers, longer growing seasons, shifts in species ranges and health impacts due to the 2003 heatwave are all cited as examples of climate change already causing disruption in northern Europe. Future warming will magnify these and other impacts, such as large-scale coastal flooding. Huge ...
... Retreating glaciers, longer growing seasons, shifts in species ranges and health impacts due to the 2003 heatwave are all cited as examples of climate change already causing disruption in northern Europe. Future warming will magnify these and other impacts, such as large-scale coastal flooding. Huge ...
IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)
... the environment by emitting the GHGs and discharging other pollutants. Crude oil production, fuel combustion accounts for the high amount of CO2 emission. Most devastating is the burning of gas by flaring that leads to the emission of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. These gases released dur ...
... the environment by emitting the GHGs and discharging other pollutants. Crude oil production, fuel combustion accounts for the high amount of CO2 emission. Most devastating is the burning of gas by flaring that leads to the emission of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. These gases released dur ...
The high-latitude terrestrial carbon sink
... and forest inventories, which combine land use and climate effects (Dixon et al. 1994; Houghton 1996). There is, however, a recent analysis suggesting that the northern sink is below the 50°N parallel (Fan et al. 1998) and there are observations that the Arctic tundra may have become a carbon source ...
... and forest inventories, which combine land use and climate effects (Dixon et al. 1994; Houghton 1996). There is, however, a recent analysis suggesting that the northern sink is below the 50°N parallel (Fan et al. 1998) and there are observations that the Arctic tundra may have become a carbon source ...
Climate change and human health : risks and responses. Summary
... land or water, in a particular region, usually spanning at least several years. Climate variability is the variation around the average climate, including seasonal variations and large-scale regional cycles in atmospheric and ocean circulations such as the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the ...
... land or water, in a particular region, usually spanning at least several years. Climate variability is the variation around the average climate, including seasonal variations and large-scale regional cycles in atmospheric and ocean circulations such as the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... assessment shows that changes in weather patterns, including higher than normal temperatures and significant reduction in precipitation can easily lead to drought conditions. These when coupled with an expected increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as storms and hur ...
... assessment shows that changes in weather patterns, including higher than normal temperatures and significant reduction in precipitation can easily lead to drought conditions. These when coupled with an expected increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as storms and hur ...
On the Importance of Strengthening Moderate Beliefs in Climate
... required to motivate action. While additional factors such as values and worldviews, discussed below, play a role in views about climate change, strength of belief seems rooted in understanding climate change and associated risks. With respect to climate science, the likelihood of preferring immedia ...
... required to motivate action. While additional factors such as values and worldviews, discussed below, play a role in views about climate change, strength of belief seems rooted in understanding climate change and associated risks. With respect to climate science, the likelihood of preferring immedia ...
COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES
... 13. Although fishing and aquaculture communities tend to be among the highly vulnerable, global awareness and understanding of climate change impacts on the aquatic systems and the special needs of those who depend on aquatic resources for their food and livelihoods was very low in 2009. In the same ...
... 13. Although fishing and aquaculture communities tend to be among the highly vulnerable, global awareness and understanding of climate change impacts on the aquatic systems and the special needs of those who depend on aquatic resources for their food and livelihoods was very low in 2009. In the same ...
Green Market Responses to Global Governance: International
... assumption is that UNFCCC events should cause a reaction on the so-called ‘abnormal return’, that is, the return to EU ETS firms during a UNFCCC meeting that cannot be explained by movements in other financial assets. If, as I will argue, firms under the EU ETS are winners of regulation due to free ...
... assumption is that UNFCCC events should cause a reaction on the so-called ‘abnormal return’, that is, the return to EU ETS firms during a UNFCCC meeting that cannot be explained by movements in other financial assets. If, as I will argue, firms under the EU ETS are winners of regulation due to free ...
Earth`s Climate System
... Decline in polar bear population Rise in average temperatures by 2-3°C. This temperature rise is more than double what is observed throughout the rest of the world. ...
... Decline in polar bear population Rise in average temperatures by 2-3°C. This temperature rise is more than double what is observed throughout the rest of the world. ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.