Full Press Release
... annual bleaching will greatly reduce the capacity of coral reefs to provide goods and services, such as fisheries and coastal protection, to human communities.” The need to act is clear. Between 2014 and 2016, the world witnessed the longest global bleaching event ever recorded, which killed coral o ...
... annual bleaching will greatly reduce the capacity of coral reefs to provide goods and services, such as fisheries and coastal protection, to human communities.” The need to act is clear. Between 2014 and 2016, the world witnessed the longest global bleaching event ever recorded, which killed coral o ...
Corn ethanol and climate change
... one purpose into that for another purpose. Land use change can occur directly or indirectly. In the context of biofuels, land use change occurs when land currently used for food (or fiber or feed) production is converted into land for biofuel production. The result is that supply falls short for foo ...
... one purpose into that for another purpose. Land use change can occur directly or indirectly. In the context of biofuels, land use change occurs when land currently used for food (or fiber or feed) production is converted into land for biofuel production. The result is that supply falls short for foo ...
Report
... occurred in the same year. These events coincide with a record atmospheric carbon level of 400 ppm, which was observed in May of 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions are likely responsible for increasing temperatures and resulting climate change. In October of 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
... occurred in the same year. These events coincide with a record atmospheric carbon level of 400 ppm, which was observed in May of 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions are likely responsible for increasing temperatures and resulting climate change. In October of 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
Full-Text
... Smallholder French beans farmers are usually certified under the Global-GAP standards option for producer groups upon compliance with farm audits [44]. To acquire certification status, individual farmers normally form producer group which then pursue compliance with certification regulation points. ...
... Smallholder French beans farmers are usually certified under the Global-GAP standards option for producer groups upon compliance with farm audits [44]. To acquire certification status, individual farmers normally form producer group which then pursue compliance with certification regulation points. ...
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
... economies, have discernible implications for cities worldwide, although these implications are characterized by wide geographical variation. Many of these changes assume a gradual building of climate impacts and are becoming a reality already; however, a not yet fully explored implication relates to ...
... economies, have discernible implications for cities worldwide, although these implications are characterized by wide geographical variation. Many of these changes assume a gradual building of climate impacts and are becoming a reality already; however, a not yet fully explored implication relates to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Earth’s ‘third pole’) has increased by 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands and increased ...
... (Earth’s ‘third pole’) has increased by 0.2 °C per decade over the past 50 years, which results in significant permafrost thawing and glacier retreat. Our review suggested that warming enhanced net primary production and soil respiration, decreased methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands and increased ...
The future is here: climate change in the Pacific
... they are experiencing now. Their residents are among the world’s most vulnerable to changes in rainfall and extreme weather events like storm surges or king tides, despite being among those least responsible for causing climate change. The threat of major sea-level rise in coming years means countri ...
... they are experiencing now. Their residents are among the world’s most vulnerable to changes in rainfall and extreme weather events like storm surges or king tides, despite being among those least responsible for causing climate change. The threat of major sea-level rise in coming years means countri ...
Presents
... what are the impacts of sea-level rise on developing countries. Impacts are projected for sea-level rise scenarios of 1 to 5 meter by overlaying data on land, population, agriculture, urban extent, wetlands and gross domestic product (GDP) with the inundation zones of the sea-level rise scenarios. T ...
... what are the impacts of sea-level rise on developing countries. Impacts are projected for sea-level rise scenarios of 1 to 5 meter by overlaying data on land, population, agriculture, urban extent, wetlands and gross domestic product (GDP) with the inundation zones of the sea-level rise scenarios. T ...
Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries
... gas concentrations. The concentrations of greenhouse gases like CO2, NO2, and CH4 remained more or less stable in the tens of thousands of years preceding the industrial revolution. However, once fossil fuel combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentr ...
... gas concentrations. The concentrations of greenhouse gases like CO2, NO2, and CH4 remained more or less stable in the tens of thousands of years preceding the industrial revolution. However, once fossil fuel combustion increased, concentrations of these gases began to rise. For example, the concentr ...
Sustainability Insight
... Facilitated discussion and consultation • What changes, additional topics would you like to sees included in the second phase of the Resource Map – 10 minutes • What additional tools would you like to see developed to help inform you and provide guidance on the issues relating to climate change, car ...
... Facilitated discussion and consultation • What changes, additional topics would you like to sees included in the second phase of the Resource Map – 10 minutes • What additional tools would you like to see developed to help inform you and provide guidance on the issues relating to climate change, car ...
2.0 Climate Change: Scenarios for the Indian Ocean Territories
... vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, forest cover, further pressure by introduced species and proneness to wildfire. Risks to Water Supply Wat ...
... vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, forest cover, further pressure by introduced species and proneness to wildfire. Risks to Water Supply Wat ...
The Promises and Perils of Geoengineering Simon Nicholson
... $25–50 billion a year—a small fraction of the 5–20 percent of global gross domestic product that Nicholas Stern estimated, in his much-cited report for the U.K. government, climate change will cost the global economy if no remedial action is taken. One way to get more bang for these bucks would be t ...
... $25–50 billion a year—a small fraction of the 5–20 percent of global gross domestic product that Nicholas Stern estimated, in his much-cited report for the U.K. government, climate change will cost the global economy if no remedial action is taken. One way to get more bang for these bucks would be t ...
Ice and Sea-level Change
... North American (Laurentian, Cordilleran and the Greenland), the northern European (Fennoscandia and the Barents region) and the Antarctic ice sheets3,7. As the ice melted, starting around 20 000 years ago, sea level rose rapidly at average rates of about 10 mm per year (1 m per century), and with p ...
... North American (Laurentian, Cordilleran and the Greenland), the northern European (Fennoscandia and the Barents region) and the Antarctic ice sheets3,7. As the ice melted, starting around 20 000 years ago, sea level rose rapidly at average rates of about 10 mm per year (1 m per century), and with p ...
as pdf, 3.4 MB
... Mean global temperature and sea level at different times in Earth’s history, with the projection for the year 2100 33 Extent of melt area on Greenland according to satellite data 35 The Larsen B ice shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula in satellite photographs 36 Global sea-level rise as recorded by sa ...
... Mean global temperature and sea level at different times in Earth’s history, with the projection for the year 2100 33 Extent of melt area on Greenland according to satellite data 35 The Larsen B ice shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula in satellite photographs 36 Global sea-level rise as recorded by sa ...
Climate Change in Southern New Hampshire
... dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) ...
... dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) ...
English
... focussed on climatic (physico-chemical) issues or impacts on agricultural systems, while social scientists have addressed governance, framing and ethical considerations. This 2015 Update, as the original 2012 Studies, considers the impacts of geoengineering on the drivers of biodiversity loss, inclu ...
... focussed on climatic (physico-chemical) issues or impacts on agricultural systems, while social scientists have addressed governance, framing and ethical considerations. This 2015 Update, as the original 2012 Studies, considers the impacts of geoengineering on the drivers of biodiversity loss, inclu ...
Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from US Agriculture September 30, 2013
... be a poor guide to future impacts of warming. On the other hand, if farmers had recognized the need for adaptation but were unable to do so, then their past responses to extreme heat exposure would provide a plausible “business-as-usual” benchmark for the impacts of future warming in the absence of ...
... be a poor guide to future impacts of warming. On the other hand, if farmers had recognized the need for adaptation but were unable to do so, then their past responses to extreme heat exposure would provide a plausible “business-as-usual” benchmark for the impacts of future warming in the absence of ...
Modelling risk based cost analysis of port adaptation measures to
... diverse interpretations from different stakeholders and across geographical regions. Also, most ports are under financial constraints, complicating decisions about when, how and to what extent appropriate strategies and capacity investments should be committed, in order to successfully adapt to this ...
... diverse interpretations from different stakeholders and across geographical regions. Also, most ports are under financial constraints, complicating decisions about when, how and to what extent appropriate strategies and capacity investments should be committed, in order to successfully adapt to this ...
Paper on N 2 O as a ozone depleting substances
... mostly from agricultural practices and industrial sources, are highly uncertain, but the total humancaused emissions are constrained by observed increases in N2O concentrations and N2O’s lifetime. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s fourth assessment report estimates (18) a total ...
... mostly from agricultural practices and industrial sources, are highly uncertain, but the total humancaused emissions are constrained by observed increases in N2O concentrations and N2O’s lifetime. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s fourth assessment report estimates (18) a total ...
50 years of urbanization in Africa: Assessing the role of climate change
... rate of close to four percent over the last 20 years. Its urban population of 335 million now exceeds the total population of the United States. Nevertheless, almost two-thirds of Africa’s population still lives in rural areas. How urbanization evolves in Africa over the next decades will determine ...
... rate of close to four percent over the last 20 years. Its urban population of 335 million now exceeds the total population of the United States. Nevertheless, almost two-thirds of Africa’s population still lives in rural areas. How urbanization evolves in Africa over the next decades will determine ...
STRIVE An Assessment of Uncertainties Report Series No.48
... of projected temperature changes between GCMs; for ...
... of projected temperature changes between GCMs; for ...
PDF
... many other sources deriving from an incomplete knowledge of these phenomena, called “epistemic uncertainty”. These can be divided into (Refsgaard et al., 2013) uncertainties on input data, model uncertainty, and context uncertainty, i.e. when the boundaries of the systems to be modelled, for instanc ...
... many other sources deriving from an incomplete knowledge of these phenomena, called “epistemic uncertainty”. These can be divided into (Refsgaard et al., 2013) uncertainties on input data, model uncertainty, and context uncertainty, i.e. when the boundaries of the systems to be modelled, for instanc ...
(mis)calculated risk and climate change
... systemically important to the global economy. After the collapse of the financial markets (2007–2009), the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC), appointed by the US government, found that rating agencies were “essential cogs in the wheel of financial destruction.”2 The role that rating agencie ...
... systemically important to the global economy. After the collapse of the financial markets (2007–2009), the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC), appointed by the US government, found that rating agencies were “essential cogs in the wheel of financial destruction.”2 The role that rating agencie ...
Evidence and Implications of Dangerous Climate Change in the Arctic
... As noted above, GCMs used to simulate the effect of GHGs on climate through the 20th and 21st centuries show a marked amplification of temperature changes at high northern latitudes. Simulated temperature increases at southern high latitudes are on average less than half those at corresponding north ...
... As noted above, GCMs used to simulate the effect of GHGs on climate through the 20th and 21st centuries show a marked amplification of temperature changes at high northern latitudes. Simulated temperature increases at southern high latitudes are on average less than half those at corresponding north ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.