Transposon stability and a role for conjugational transfer in adaptive mutability
... which the two linked markers are on the chromosome. The scavenger bacteria, also present on the selective plates, bear an episome isogenic with that of FC40 but with a lac deletion and no transposon. They are used to metabolize any usable carbon source, other than lactose, that may be present on the ...
... which the two linked markers are on the chromosome. The scavenger bacteria, also present on the selective plates, bear an episome isogenic with that of FC40 but with a lac deletion and no transposon. They are used to metabolize any usable carbon source, other than lactose, that may be present on the ...
19_Glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of glucose
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... concentration of g-6-p inhibits the enzyme and glucose will accumulate and not change to g6-p, but if the g-6-p is removed by anyway the enzyme will act again and glucose will convert to g-6-p, this is the first mechanism of regulation in glycolysis g-6-p is an important compound at the junction of ...
... concentration of g-6-p inhibits the enzyme and glucose will accumulate and not change to g6-p, but if the g-6-p is removed by anyway the enzyme will act again and glucose will convert to g-6-p, this is the first mechanism of regulation in glycolysis g-6-p is an important compound at the junction of ...
Review #3 - California Lutheran University
... a) There is no poly-A in the mRNA? b) There is a premature stop codon? c) There is no stop codon? 3) The genetic code was figured out by the use of two major techniques. Describe how these techniques work and how they were used to figure out which codon codes for which amino acid. 4) How does E. col ...
... a) There is no poly-A in the mRNA? b) There is a premature stop codon? c) There is no stop codon? 3) The genetic code was figured out by the use of two major techniques. Describe how these techniques work and how they were used to figure out which codon codes for which amino acid. 4) How does E. col ...
Digestible carbohydrates
... This mechanism is the most active for fructose and pentoses but is utilizable by glucose and galactose if their lumenal concentration is favorable. Absorption is derived by concentration gradient of sugar in the intestinal lumen, i.e., sugars passes from high concentration in lumen to lower concentr ...
... This mechanism is the most active for fructose and pentoses but is utilizable by glucose and galactose if their lumenal concentration is favorable. Absorption is derived by concentration gradient of sugar in the intestinal lumen, i.e., sugars passes from high concentration in lumen to lower concentr ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... were changed by the same degree (and if S were not limiting), then the flux would change by the same degree. ...
... were changed by the same degree (and if S were not limiting), then the flux would change by the same degree. ...
Gibbs Free Energy Changes for the Glycolytic Enzymes
... controlled by insulin → Cells often have transport systems built into their membranes for uptake of fuel molecules such as glucose. Phosphorylated glucose is no longer recognized by the glucose transport system and is therefore trapped in the cell. There is no transport system for phosphorylated gl ...
... controlled by insulin → Cells often have transport systems built into their membranes for uptake of fuel molecules such as glucose. Phosphorylated glucose is no longer recognized by the glucose transport system and is therefore trapped in the cell. There is no transport system for phosphorylated gl ...
Class17 1-31 Win16 Cell Cycle Notes
... • CDK (an enzyme that is always present) • Cyclin (an enzyme that is sometimes present) ...
... • CDK (an enzyme that is always present) • Cyclin (an enzyme that is sometimes present) ...
Transposon insertion frequency distinguishes essential from non
... Proof of principle: Identification of genes required for survival in minimal media in Pseudomonas Stutzeri ...
... Proof of principle: Identification of genes required for survival in minimal media in Pseudomonas Stutzeri ...
BioWire_Progress_Report,_Week_One
... Altering repressor/operator affinity through mutation in the operator region Mutating promoter sequences Increasing AHL degradation rate through raising the pH of the medium Lowering plasmid copy number through mutations in replication origin (if repressor and AHL/GFP are on separate plasmids) Tryin ...
... Altering repressor/operator affinity through mutation in the operator region Mutating promoter sequences Increasing AHL degradation rate through raising the pH of the medium Lowering plasmid copy number through mutations in replication origin (if repressor and AHL/GFP are on separate plasmids) Tryin ...
Bacterial Identification Tests
... tube bright pink because NH3 decreases the pH CO(NH3)2 + 2 H2O –urease CO2 + H2O + 2 NH3 ...
... tube bright pink because NH3 decreases the pH CO(NH3)2 + 2 H2O –urease CO2 + H2O + 2 NH3 ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
Chapter 1
... ligand binding or transport can be measured. The work of Jan Knol has provided an elegant, reproducible method for the overexpression, purification and reconstitution of LacS into artificial lipid bilayers, yielding so-called proteoliposomes in which the LacS protein is functionally incorporated in ...
... ligand binding or transport can be measured. The work of Jan Knol has provided an elegant, reproducible method for the overexpression, purification and reconstitution of LacS into artificial lipid bilayers, yielding so-called proteoliposomes in which the LacS protein is functionally incorporated in ...
Official pGLO GFP powerpoint Spring 2005
... 2. Incubate on ice slows fluid cell membrane 3. Heat-shock Increases permeability of membranes 4. Nutrient broth incubation Allows beta-lactamase expression ...
... 2. Incubate on ice slows fluid cell membrane 3. Heat-shock Increases permeability of membranes 4. Nutrient broth incubation Allows beta-lactamase expression ...
NSC 602 - Department of Nutritional Sciences
... Analysis of current knowledge regarding the interactions between the intake, absorption, transport, processing, storage, catabolism and excretion of nutrients and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in the intact organism. Emphasis areas include interrelationships between protein, carbohydrate a ...
... Analysis of current knowledge regarding the interactions between the intake, absorption, transport, processing, storage, catabolism and excretion of nutrients and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in the intact organism. Emphasis areas include interrelationships between protein, carbohydrate a ...
Characterization of the Plasmid-Encoded Arsenic Salts Resistance
... homology, possibly due to gene duplication and fusion of a gene ancestral to the arsA gene [4]. It was also shown that ArsA was 32% identical to the sequence of MinD, which is a membrane-associated protein capable of binding and hydrolyzing ATP [7]. MinD functions to activate the division inhibition ...
... homology, possibly due to gene duplication and fusion of a gene ancestral to the arsA gene [4]. It was also shown that ArsA was 32% identical to the sequence of MinD, which is a membrane-associated protein capable of binding and hydrolyzing ATP [7]. MinD functions to activate the division inhibition ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... • Eliminating [P] and rearranging gives the result in terms of equilibrium association constant: • In terms of the more commonly used equilibrium dissociation constant: ...
... • Eliminating [P] and rearranging gives the result in terms of equilibrium association constant: • In terms of the more commonly used equilibrium dissociation constant: ...
Chapter 34 HEIN
... Hormones • Hormones are often called the chemical messengers of the body. • They do not fit into any single structural classification: • Polypeptides or proteins • Steroids • Phenol or amino acid derivatives ...
... Hormones • Hormones are often called the chemical messengers of the body. • They do not fit into any single structural classification: • Polypeptides or proteins • Steroids • Phenol or amino acid derivatives ...
Q1. (a) An enzyme catalyses only one reaction. Explain why
... its grains. This protein is unusual because it has two functions. It acts as both an enzyme inhibitor and as an enzyme. As an inhibitor, the protein reduces the activity of starch-digesting enzymes. The protein acts as an enzyme by breaking down chitin, a polysaccharide found in the walls of many fu ...
... its grains. This protein is unusual because it has two functions. It acts as both an enzyme inhibitor and as an enzyme. As an inhibitor, the protein reduces the activity of starch-digesting enzymes. The protein acts as an enzyme by breaking down chitin, a polysaccharide found in the walls of many fu ...
Biochemistry 3020 1. All of the following enzymes involved in the
... Phosphorolysis yields glucose 1-phosphate, which can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate without the investment of energy from ATP. Hydrolysis of glycogen yields free glucose, which must be converted into glucose 6-phosphate (at the expense of ATP) before it can enter glycolysis. ...
... Phosphorolysis yields glucose 1-phosphate, which can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate without the investment of energy from ATP. Hydrolysis of glycogen yields free glucose, which must be converted into glucose 6-phosphate (at the expense of ATP) before it can enter glycolysis. ...
In order to gain 1lb in body fat over 1 year a person would have to
... Thiamine is an essential nutrient. Its coenzyme form is Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and it is involved in decarboxylation of keto-acids. Examples of enzymes requiring this coenzyme include pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDGH). ...
... Thiamine is an essential nutrient. Its coenzyme form is Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and it is involved in decarboxylation of keto-acids. Examples of enzymes requiring this coenzyme include pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDGH). ...
Protein and Carbohydrate Chemistry
... between the carboxyl group of the first amino acid and the amino group of the second amino acid to form a dipeptide. The peptide bond is unique in that it appears to be a single bond, but has the characteristic of a double bond, i.e., it is a rigid bond. This kind of bond only occurs between amino ...
... between the carboxyl group of the first amino acid and the amino group of the second amino acid to form a dipeptide. The peptide bond is unique in that it appears to be a single bond, but has the characteristic of a double bond, i.e., it is a rigid bond. This kind of bond only occurs between amino ...
Biochemistry 3(Dr.Kawa) Polysaccharide (Complex Carbohydrates
... the day: 80 to 120mg/dl. But they are higher after meals and usually lowest in the morning Diabetes mellitus: - Disease characterized by insufficient blood levels of active insulin and this deficiency leads to inability of glucose to enter muscle and liver cells with abnormal metabolism of proteins ...
... the day: 80 to 120mg/dl. But they are higher after meals and usually lowest in the morning Diabetes mellitus: - Disease characterized by insufficient blood levels of active insulin and this deficiency leads to inability of glucose to enter muscle and liver cells with abnormal metabolism of proteins ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.