University of Groningen Local cooling, global warming Hekkenberg, M
... As mentioned above, some of the distinctions in policy design result from the differences in the physico-chemical mechanisms leading to climate change and to ozone depletion, and the functional position of GHGs and ODSs in society. In this section these matterbased and functional position-based diff ...
... As mentioned above, some of the distinctions in policy design result from the differences in the physico-chemical mechanisms leading to climate change and to ozone depletion, and the functional position of GHGs and ODSs in society. In this section these matterbased and functional position-based diff ...
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... Saurashtra is a region of western India, located in the Arabian sea coast of Gujarat state. The rainfall in the southern highlands of Saurashtra and the Gulf of Cambay is approximately 63 cms while the other parts of Saurashtra have a rainfall of less than 63cms. The region is cursed due to constant ...
... Saurashtra is a region of western India, located in the Arabian sea coast of Gujarat state. The rainfall in the southern highlands of Saurashtra and the Gulf of Cambay is approximately 63 cms while the other parts of Saurashtra have a rainfall of less than 63cms. The region is cursed due to constant ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
... Introduction and Motivation The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental processes in the functioning of earth system, intimately connected with both planetary climate and ecology. On the time scale of the human experience, the carbon cycle links human economic activity directly to the geophysical sy ...
21st Century Precipitation Changes over the Los Angeles Region
... et al. (2012) rely only on historical relationships (i.e. they assume stationarity) between variables ...
... et al. (2012) rely only on historical relationships (i.e. they assume stationarity) between variables ...
ADB-40253-012_Final
... Tau, Vietnam, which is the sea-level station closest to Cambodia with data available. ............................ 39 Figure 22. Historical sea-level rise and future projections for Vung Tau, Vietnam from 1950 to 2100 (mm) incorporating tide gauge and satellite data. The observed tide-gauge relative ...
... Tau, Vietnam, which is the sea-level station closest to Cambodia with data available. ............................ 39 Figure 22. Historical sea-level rise and future projections for Vung Tau, Vietnam from 1950 to 2100 (mm) incorporating tide gauge and satellite data. The observed tide-gauge relative ...
The Economics of Climate Change – Likely Carbon Sequestration
... emitted in order to keep the Earth’s temperature from rising past the point where disruptive weather-related climate change becomes inevitable (certainly less than 2°C), and NOT the anthropogenic CO2 emissions that can realistically be expected to be emitted by reasonable mitigation scenarios. Major ...
... emitted in order to keep the Earth’s temperature from rising past the point where disruptive weather-related climate change becomes inevitable (certainly less than 2°C), and NOT the anthropogenic CO2 emissions that can realistically be expected to be emitted by reasonable mitigation scenarios. Major ...
Chapter 3: Changing Arctic: Indigenous Perspectives
... elder] was a young boy they never seemed to have these skin problems and I see them more and more these days. J. Qillaq, Clyde River, 2001 as quoted in Fox, 2004 Humans are not the only ones affected by a more intense sun. Inuit in Nunavut link other environmental changes to the sun. In some areas, ...
... elder] was a young boy they never seemed to have these skin problems and I see them more and more these days. J. Qillaq, Clyde River, 2001 as quoted in Fox, 2004 Humans are not the only ones affected by a more intense sun. Inuit in Nunavut link other environmental changes to the sun. In some areas, ...
Interaction of Land Use and Land Cover Change
... Figure 2.1 Location of the study area in China (above) and locations of 36 meteorological stations in Jiangxi and its contiguous 6 provinces used in this study (below) are shown. (Overlaid on a 90m DEM, station numbers see Table 1 in Appendix) ..............................................67 Figure ...
... Figure 2.1 Location of the study area in China (above) and locations of 36 meteorological stations in Jiangxi and its contiguous 6 provinces used in this study (below) are shown. (Overlaid on a 90m DEM, station numbers see Table 1 in Appendix) ..............................................67 Figure ...
Assessing Dynamic Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Policy: the
... monetary terms. Rather, specific quantifications are offered to help expound upon each aspect’s relative importance. ...
... monetary terms. Rather, specific quantifications are offered to help expound upon each aspect’s relative importance. ...
Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The
... (GLOBEC) program was to identify the mechanisms of ecosystem response to largescale climate forcing under the assumption that bottom-up forcing controls a large fraction of marine ecosystem variability. At the beginning of GLOBEC, the prevailing bottom-up forcing hypothesis was that climate-induced ...
... (GLOBEC) program was to identify the mechanisms of ecosystem response to largescale climate forcing under the assumption that bottom-up forcing controls a large fraction of marine ecosystem variability. At the beginning of GLOBEC, the prevailing bottom-up forcing hypothesis was that climate-induced ...
Assessing the impact of Laurentide Ice Sheet topography on glacial
... Hargreaves et al. (2012) suggested that disregarding highlatitude response at the LGM avoids bringing glacial boundary condition ambiguity into climate sensitivity work, although this omission then ignores many climate feedbacks. Some of the important boundary conditions are well documented, such as ...
... Hargreaves et al. (2012) suggested that disregarding highlatitude response at the LGM avoids bringing glacial boundary condition ambiguity into climate sensitivity work, although this omission then ignores many climate feedbacks. Some of the important boundary conditions are well documented, such as ...
ap401e
... Once prioritized according to the local context, the adaptation strategies listed will play an integral part in limiting households’ vulnerability to climatic disruptions. However, these strategies will only be successfully adopted if there is an enabling policy and institutional environment that he ...
... Once prioritized according to the local context, the adaptation strategies listed will play an integral part in limiting households’ vulnerability to climatic disruptions. However, these strategies will only be successfully adopted if there is an enabling policy and institutional environment that he ...
Reenberg, A. (2009) - LaSyRe
... In the Sahelian region, agricultural and pastoral production constitutes a very important sector that sustains the majority of people living here. Hence, the overall livelihood conditions are to a very large extent linked to the agricultural activities and the natural resource endowment. The signific ...
... In the Sahelian region, agricultural and pastoral production constitutes a very important sector that sustains the majority of people living here. Hence, the overall livelihood conditions are to a very large extent linked to the agricultural activities and the natural resource endowment. The signific ...
Global Change Impact Assessment for Himalayan Mountain Regions
... Studies focused on the identification of crucial factors that need close monitoring to reduce vulnerability of Himalayan water resources, agricultural systems and mountain peoples' livelihoods to global change. Activities conducted during the project period included the following: 1. Database genera ...
... Studies focused on the identification of crucial factors that need close monitoring to reduce vulnerability of Himalayan water resources, agricultural systems and mountain peoples' livelihoods to global change. Activities conducted during the project period included the following: 1. Database genera ...
Author`s personal copy
... a large part of the terrestrial carbon sinks (IPCC, 2001). Many recent studies based on future climate change scenarios derived directly or indirectly from general circulation model (GCM) simulations suggested that changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and future climate are likely to significantl ...
... a large part of the terrestrial carbon sinks (IPCC, 2001). Many recent studies based on future climate change scenarios derived directly or indirectly from general circulation model (GCM) simulations suggested that changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and future climate are likely to significantl ...
A Greener Dragon? - Department of Defence
... In considering how Australia should respond to climate change and maximise its development opportunities, Part 1 of this paper will outline why climate change is a ‘diabolical’ policy issue and recommend a strategy to address this. It will outline China’s strategy and approach, and draw out the key ...
... In considering how Australia should respond to climate change and maximise its development opportunities, Part 1 of this paper will outline why climate change is a ‘diabolical’ policy issue and recommend a strategy to address this. It will outline China’s strategy and approach, and draw out the key ...
Title
... The IPCC: science or politics? Assessments are social constructs that contain both scientific and political elements Successful? Depends on ability to connect to climate science and policy Generally voiced criticism: IPCC not open enough to ...
... The IPCC: science or politics? Assessments are social constructs that contain both scientific and political elements Successful? Depends on ability to connect to climate science and policy Generally voiced criticism: IPCC not open enough to ...
SAEON Fynbos Node Science Plan: 2016 – 2018
... the need for a distinctive science plan for this unusual area. The Fynbos node is situated in a unique mega-diverse region, the Cape Floristic Region, with high levels on endemism and high turnover of species, especially plants, over short spatial distances (see box 1). Unfortunately, this region is ...
... the need for a distinctive science plan for this unusual area. The Fynbos node is situated in a unique mega-diverse region, the Cape Floristic Region, with high levels on endemism and high turnover of species, especially plants, over short spatial distances (see box 1). Unfortunately, this region is ...
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... An exceptionally important issue in global climate change policy is the distribution of the benefits and costs of policy action, both cross-sectionally and over time. Although economists have given considerable thought over the years to the possibility of using weights to incorporate distributional ...
... An exceptionally important issue in global climate change policy is the distribution of the benefits and costs of policy action, both cross-sectionally and over time. Although economists have given considerable thought over the years to the possibility of using weights to incorporate distributional ...
Mk3.5 simulations
... ACCESS has plans as to what may be delivered to CMIP5 by certain times. These are quite rubbery as model development time scales are uncertain. ACCESS aims to deliver the core long-term experiments in to the CMIP5 in time for use in AR5. Australia will not be delivering to the near-term (decad ...
... ACCESS has plans as to what may be delivered to CMIP5 by certain times. These are quite rubbery as model development time scales are uncertain. ACCESS aims to deliver the core long-term experiments in to the CMIP5 in time for use in AR5. Australia will not be delivering to the near-term (decad ...
Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern
... warming over land is significantly larger compared to the warming over the ocean (Stendel et al., 2002). The sea ice in the Arctic is estimated to retreat by approximately 40%. Particularly, over the Barents Sea, the sea ice is predicted to vanish completely by the end of the century. The globally a ...
... warming over land is significantly larger compared to the warming over the ocean (Stendel et al., 2002). The sea ice in the Arctic is estimated to retreat by approximately 40%. Particularly, over the Barents Sea, the sea ice is predicted to vanish completely by the end of the century. The globally a ...
Chapter 18 - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... Fig. 18.2. Owing to natural variations and the complex interactions of the climate system, the observed trends show variations within each region. Mean annual atmospheric surface temperature changes range from a 2 to 3 ºC warming in Alaska and Siberia to a cooling of up to 1 ºC in southern Greenland ...
... Fig. 18.2. Owing to natural variations and the complex interactions of the climate system, the observed trends show variations within each region. Mean annual atmospheric surface temperature changes range from a 2 to 3 ºC warming in Alaska and Siberia to a cooling of up to 1 ºC in southern Greenland ...
Second National Communication
... It is worth noting that the total greenhouse gases emissions increased by 6.2% from 51.52 million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent in 1994 to 54.72 million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent in 2000. The bulk of this increase in our emissions was from our land use sector. In this regard, Governm ...
... It is worth noting that the total greenhouse gases emissions increased by 6.2% from 51.52 million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent in 1994 to 54.72 million tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent in 2000. The bulk of this increase in our emissions was from our land use sector. In this regard, Governm ...
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
... On August 27, 2003 the Republic of Belarus committed to fulfill the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki Convention). The principals of the Helsinki Convention as well as the principals of the subsequent international documents (serving ...
... On August 27, 2003 the Republic of Belarus committed to fulfill the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki Convention). The principals of the Helsinki Convention as well as the principals of the subsequent international documents (serving ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).