Sample pages 2 PDF
... 4/3 transition. This hypothesis was based on faunal data from two main sites: Qafzeh, dated to 100–90 ka, and Kebara, dated to ca. 65 ka. However, these two sites are located in two distinct regions in the Southern Levant, Qafzeh being further east than Kebara, which is located in Mount Carmel on th ...
... 4/3 transition. This hypothesis was based on faunal data from two main sites: Qafzeh, dated to 100–90 ka, and Kebara, dated to ca. 65 ka. However, these two sites are located in two distinct regions in the Southern Levant, Qafzeh being further east than Kebara, which is located in Mount Carmel on th ...
Climate Change Strategy 2009-2014
... every three or four years. Climate change risk extends beyond the physical environment and into the organisation’s financial, legal and reputational risks. Council is acutely aware that at some point its planning decisions and land management considerations for climate change may be called into ques ...
... every three or four years. Climate change risk extends beyond the physical environment and into the organisation’s financial, legal and reputational risks. Council is acutely aware that at some point its planning decisions and land management considerations for climate change may be called into ques ...
fellmann
... Figure 1). Thus, the adaptive capacity of a system affects its vulnerability to climate change by modulating exposure and sensitivity (Yohe and Tol, 2002, Gallopin, 2006, Adger et al., 2007). The IPCC (2007) defines adaptive capacity as the ability (or potential) of a system to successfully adjust t ...
... Figure 1). Thus, the adaptive capacity of a system affects its vulnerability to climate change by modulating exposure and sensitivity (Yohe and Tol, 2002, Gallopin, 2006, Adger et al., 2007). The IPCC (2007) defines adaptive capacity as the ability (or potential) of a system to successfully adjust t ...
Ground water and climate change
... As the world’s largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to climate variability and change. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate chang ...
... As the world’s largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to climate variability and change. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate chang ...
Guardians of the Amazon - Environmental Defense Fund
... that causes smog and methane emissions by well over 100,000 tons each year. They’ll also include the nation’s first-ever direct controls on methane. That’s important because one third of the warming in the next couple of decades due to current emissions will be from short-lived greenhouse gases like ...
... that causes smog and methane emissions by well over 100,000 tons each year. They’ll also include the nation’s first-ever direct controls on methane. That’s important because one third of the warming in the next couple of decades due to current emissions will be from short-lived greenhouse gases like ...
Arctic
... densities of predators (e.g. polar bears, arctic foxes, and glaucous gulls) which prey on the eggs, nestlings and fledglings of birds. As a result, the reproduction rates of some bird species in industrial areas, including various geese, eiders and shorebirds, are in some years insufficient to balan ...
... densities of predators (e.g. polar bears, arctic foxes, and glaucous gulls) which prey on the eggs, nestlings and fledglings of birds. As a result, the reproduction rates of some bird species in industrial areas, including various geese, eiders and shorebirds, are in some years insufficient to balan ...
The German Government`s Climate Action Programme 2020
... The international climate negotiations are now entering the home stretch: at the invitation of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, over 100 heads of state and government came to a United Nations special summit in New York, USA in September 2014 to add political momentum to the ongoing international cl ...
... The international climate negotiations are now entering the home stretch: at the invitation of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, over 100 heads of state and government came to a United Nations special summit in New York, USA in September 2014 to add political momentum to the ongoing international cl ...
Climate Change Resilience Planning
... In order to promote New York City’s resilience in the face of climate change, Central Park must maintain a healthy, robust, and stable ecosystem. Biodiversity plays an important role in climate change resilience. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more likely it is to thrive, recover from disturb ...
... In order to promote New York City’s resilience in the face of climate change, Central Park must maintain a healthy, robust, and stable ecosystem. Biodiversity plays an important role in climate change resilience. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more likely it is to thrive, recover from disturb ...
Economics - American Association of Wine Economists
... most South African wines. The question is to what extent is this threatened by climate change. Climate change: observed trends Since 2007 and the release of the IVth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, global warming has been widely accepted as a real threat, with consistency across ob ...
... most South African wines. The question is to what extent is this threatened by climate change. Climate change: observed trends Since 2007 and the release of the IVth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, global warming has been widely accepted as a real threat, with consistency across ob ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate re ...
... Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate re ...
Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
Climate change challenges Tuvalu
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
... Why does climate change cause the sea levels to rise? The main cause for rising sea levels is the expansion of water due to an increase in water temperature and is thus a mere physical phenomenon. Additional factors are the thawing of mountain glaciers and the ice covering in Greenland, resulting fr ...
PDF
... already analyzed the potential for and costs of emission reduction through avoided deforestation. Estimates vary considerably depending on modelling assumptions, however it is widely accepted that avoided deforestation can offer large mitigation opportunities at a relatively low cost. This result is ...
... already analyzed the potential for and costs of emission reduction through avoided deforestation. Estimates vary considerably depending on modelling assumptions, however it is widely accepted that avoided deforestation can offer large mitigation opportunities at a relatively low cost. This result is ...
Royal Government of Cambodia Climate Change
... On behalf of National Council for Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Environment, I would like to express my profound admiration and sincere gratitude to Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, for his full support and strong commitment to addr ...
... On behalf of National Council for Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Environment, I would like to express my profound admiration and sincere gratitude to Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo HUN SEN, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, for his full support and strong commitment to addr ...
Sea Level Change in Western Australia
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
Future Climate Change: Modeling and Scenarios
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
Climate
... through transpiration by plants and evaporation from the soil. Evapotranspiration transfers energy (as latent heat) and water into the atmosphere, thereby affecting air temperature and moisture. Loss or alteration of vegetation can affect climate. Deforestation increases the albedo of the land ...
... through transpiration by plants and evaporation from the soil. Evapotranspiration transfers energy (as latent heat) and water into the atmosphere, thereby affecting air temperature and moisture. Loss or alteration of vegetation can affect climate. Deforestation increases the albedo of the land ...
Sea Level Change in Western Australia
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
... mitigation. IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they need to deal objectively with policy relevant scientific, technical and socio economic factors. They should be of high scientific and technical standards, and aim to reflect a range of views, expertise and wide geograph ...
Project Document for CEO Approval (Revised)
... The developing cash economy, together with increased aspirations for material wealth, has been the main driver of change in Vanuatu. The most significant impact has been a shift in social values, leading to loss of the traditional barter and reciprocity system, as well as changing attitudes to the ...
... The developing cash economy, together with increased aspirations for material wealth, has been the main driver of change in Vanuatu. The most significant impact has been a shift in social values, leading to loss of the traditional barter and reciprocity system, as well as changing attitudes to the ...
Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region
... Ecological Heritage. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C. ...
... Ecological Heritage. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C. ...
Annex I Annex D in the Convention
... In the review of new POPs regional differences in climate change as observed and projected by IPCC should be taken into account. Climate change is predicted by the UNEP/AMAP expert group (2011) to increase the transport of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted ...
... In the review of new POPs regional differences in climate change as observed and projected by IPCC should be taken into account. Climate change is predicted by the UNEP/AMAP expert group (2011) to increase the transport of POPs to the Arctic and other remote regions. Climate change is also predicted ...
Climate and Carbon Cycle
... However, the estimate of the effects of the above transformations and their influence on the Earth’s albedo is still charged with a considerable error (Fig. 2.3; IPCC 2007; Forster et al. 2007). In contrast to aerosols, characterized by the greatest negative radiation forcing, the greenhouse gases a ...
... However, the estimate of the effects of the above transformations and their influence on the Earth’s albedo is still charged with a considerable error (Fig. 2.3; IPCC 2007; Forster et al. 2007). In contrast to aerosols, characterized by the greatest negative radiation forcing, the greenhouse gases a ...
Annex II Risk profile outline
... To support informed decision making, the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention, in collaboration with the Arctic Council‘s Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP) have prepared a systematic and authoritative global review of the impacts of climate change on the dynamics and toxicity of persist ...
... To support informed decision making, the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention, in collaboration with the Arctic Council‘s Arctic Monitoring Assessment Program (AMAP) have prepared a systematic and authoritative global review of the impacts of climate change on the dynamics and toxicity of persist ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).