Change - UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... increased from the mid 19th to the mid 20th century. During the 20th century, sea level rose at an average rate of 4.8 to 8.8 inches per century (1.2-2.2 mm/year) ...
... increased from the mid 19th to the mid 20th century. During the 20th century, sea level rose at an average rate of 4.8 to 8.8 inches per century (1.2-2.2 mm/year) ...
Climate Risk Management for Financial Institutions
... The Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)4 notes that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. Impacts are due to observed climate change, irrespective of it ...
... The Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)4 notes that “In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. Impacts are due to observed climate change, irrespective of it ...
Peak and Decline Emissions Paths and the Global Warming Target
... concluded that the post‐2010 budget constraints for CO2 alone, for a 66% and 50% probability of holding warming to <2°C, were 480 GtC and 680 GtC respectively.9 These estimates generally presume that, over the future as in the past, the warming effects of Kyoto gases other that CO2, such as CH4 and ...
... concluded that the post‐2010 budget constraints for CO2 alone, for a 66% and 50% probability of holding warming to <2°C, were 480 GtC and 680 GtC respectively.9 These estimates generally presume that, over the future as in the past, the warming effects of Kyoto gases other that CO2, such as CH4 and ...
Centre of Excellence Programme 2014-2019
... research chain and network optimized to have a clear impact on society. By addressing these questions of high relevance for both the science and for the society, and by tightly linking theory and experiments, we will contribute in solving the urgent issues related to the climate change. It is alread ...
... research chain and network optimized to have a clear impact on society. By addressing these questions of high relevance for both the science and for the society, and by tightly linking theory and experiments, we will contribute in solving the urgent issues related to the climate change. It is alread ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... (Oregon State University), Karin Bumbaco (Office of the Washington State Climatologist), Francis Chan (Oregon State University), Laurie Houston (Oregon State University), Kathy Lynn (University of Oregon), Guillaume Mauger (University of Washington), Holly Prendeville (US Forest Service), Gabrielle ...
... (Oregon State University), Karin Bumbaco (Office of the Washington State Climatologist), Francis Chan (Oregon State University), Laurie Houston (Oregon State University), Kathy Lynn (University of Oregon), Guillaume Mauger (University of Washington), Holly Prendeville (US Forest Service), Gabrielle ...
Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi
... in this study. They provide detailed information on the performance of these three models under current climate conditions and compare modeled physical (temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth, meridional overturning, ENSO variability) and biological (PP and EP, chlorophyll concentration) results w ...
... in this study. They provide detailed information on the performance of these three models under current climate conditions and compare modeled physical (temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth, meridional overturning, ENSO variability) and biological (PP and EP, chlorophyll concentration) results w ...
mop4_27_climate_change_report_0
... Figure 2. Linear trend of seasonal MAM, JJA, SON and DJF temperature for 1979 to 2005 (°C per decade). Areas in grey have insufficient data to produce reliable trends. Source: IPCC (2007b) .................................................................................................. 14 Figure 3. ...
... Figure 2. Linear trend of seasonal MAM, JJA, SON and DJF temperature for 1979 to 2005 (°C per decade). Areas in grey have insufficient data to produce reliable trends. Source: IPCC (2007b) .................................................................................................. 14 Figure 3. ...
Blue Jeans, Chewing Gum, and Climate Change Litigation
... are as a cause of climate change,2 but what cannot be debated is the increasing number of climate change disputes becoming enmeshed in the legal system.3 In the United States (U.S.), climate change litigation has evolved into a somewhat consistent model where state governments4 generally bringing su ...
... are as a cause of climate change,2 but what cannot be debated is the increasing number of climate change disputes becoming enmeshed in the legal system.3 In the United States (U.S.), climate change litigation has evolved into a somewhat consistent model where state governments4 generally bringing su ...
Introduction
... change; = some threat from climate change; = minimal threat from climate change ............................................................................................................... 79 Appendix 2. Populations listed on Table 1 of the AEWA Agreement, which are either critically threaten ...
... change; = some threat from climate change; = minimal threat from climate change ............................................................................................................... 79 Appendix 2. Populations listed on Table 1 of the AEWA Agreement, which are either critically threaten ...
Chapter 2: Climate and Air Quality of Dutchess County, NY
... Much of the precipitation in the northeastern United States comes from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and is transported by major atmospheric storm systems. These systems develop less frequently during the summer, but local convective activity in the form of thunderstorms produces signif ...
... Much of the precipitation in the northeastern United States comes from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and is transported by major atmospheric storm systems. These systems develop less frequently during the summer, but local convective activity in the form of thunderstorms produces signif ...
PDF
... expected long-term changes in rainfall patterns and shifting temperature zones are expected to have significant negative effects on agriculture, food and water security and economic growth in Africa; and increased frequency and intensity of droughts and floods is expected to negatively affect agricu ...
... expected long-term changes in rainfall patterns and shifting temperature zones are expected to have significant negative effects on agriculture, food and water security and economic growth in Africa; and increased frequency and intensity of droughts and floods is expected to negatively affect agricu ...
couverture IRIS_out - Memorial University
... Vegetation has always adapted to past climate variations over short and long time periods. The vegetation of Nunavik and Nunatsiavut was established following glacier retreat and soil development at the end of the last ice age (approx. 7000-8000 years ago) (Dyke and Prest 1987). Tree expansion reach ...
... Vegetation has always adapted to past climate variations over short and long time periods. The vegetation of Nunavik and Nunatsiavut was established following glacier retreat and soil development at the end of the last ice age (approx. 7000-8000 years ago) (Dyke and Prest 1987). Tree expansion reach ...
The Third Oregon Climate Assessment Report
... assessment reports (Dalton et al., 2013; Dello and Mote, 2010) by summarizing recent published literature between 2013 and 2016 on climate change science and impacts as it relates to the state of Oregon. The breadth of published literature from the past few years generally covers the breadth of topi ...
... assessment reports (Dalton et al., 2013; Dello and Mote, 2010) by summarizing recent published literature between 2013 and 2016 on climate change science and impacts as it relates to the state of Oregon. The breadth of published literature from the past few years generally covers the breadth of topi ...
Short-Lived Promise? - Oxford Martin School
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions to stabilise global climate remains the same, arguments are being made for very different policy priorities that appear to depend on a relatively obscure and technical issue: the choice of emission metric for comparing different climate pollutants. Different countri ...
... reducing greenhouse gas emissions to stabilise global climate remains the same, arguments are being made for very different policy priorities that appear to depend on a relatively obscure and technical issue: the choice of emission metric for comparing different climate pollutants. Different countri ...
Long-Term Policy: Definition, Origin, and Responses by Detlef Sprinz
... the case of climate change, the multi-decadal release of emissions of greenhouse gases (principally carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides) are still effective over half a century later and alter the state of the atmosphere; a shift of the energy sector from substantial reliance on fossil fuels ...
... the case of climate change, the multi-decadal release of emissions of greenhouse gases (principally carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides) are still effective over half a century later and alter the state of the atmosphere; a shift of the energy sector from substantial reliance on fossil fuels ...
Science and the Public: Debate, Denial, and Skepticism
... the end, the system worked as it should: everyone remained calm and polite, the various publishing and appeals processes were tested and observed to work, the scientific record was corrected, the field of positive psychology took stock, and nobody felt the need to publish anyone’s home address or ot ...
... the end, the system worked as it should: everyone remained calm and polite, the various publishing and appeals processes were tested and observed to work, the scientific record was corrected, the field of positive psychology took stock, and nobody felt the need to publish anyone’s home address or ot ...
the identification of a solar signal in climate records of the last 500
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
... There has been confirmation in the last two decades, through instrumental measurements onboard satellites, that the ‘solar constant’ does, as has long been hypothesized, vary. While there is no consensus as to the best method for estimating past variations in solar output, it seems likely that over ...
Climate Adaptation Plan for the Territories of the Yakama Nation
... of our heritage and culture. From the vast information now available concerning climate change, we understand that its impacts on our natural resources will continue and that our grandchildren will likely see profound and ever-increasing changes within their lifetimes. The issues in front of us are ...
... of our heritage and culture. From the vast information now available concerning climate change, we understand that its impacts on our natural resources will continue and that our grandchildren will likely see profound and ever-increasing changes within their lifetimes. The issues in front of us are ...
Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Sources: Potential Role in Greenhouse Gas Emission
... energy legislative initiatives. Reducing emissions from non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), could deliver short-term climate change mitigation results as part of a comprehensive policy approach to combat climate change. Nitrous oxide is 310 times more potent than carbon ...
... energy legislative initiatives. Reducing emissions from non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), could deliver short-term climate change mitigation results as part of a comprehensive policy approach to combat climate change. Nitrous oxide is 310 times more potent than carbon ...
Climate change in the Norwegian Arctic – Consequences for life in
... of all effects that follow on from a changed climate. This uncertainty – which will always exist – must not prevent us from reducing emissions and preparing ourselves for climate change and its effects. This report is therefore a compilation of possible future events and probable effects and consequ ...
... of all effects that follow on from a changed climate. This uncertainty – which will always exist – must not prevent us from reducing emissions and preparing ourselves for climate change and its effects. This report is therefore a compilation of possible future events and probable effects and consequ ...
The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from
... this 1765 to 1850 period are constant for the halogenated gases with natural sources, i.e., CF4, CH3Br and CH3Cl, with 35 ppt, 5.8 ppt and 480 ppt, respectively. However, the recommended concentrations for the long-lived GHGs, CO2, CH4, and N2O show a small increase over that period, starting from t ...
... this 1765 to 1850 period are constant for the halogenated gases with natural sources, i.e., CF4, CH3Br and CH3Cl, with 35 ppt, 5.8 ppt and 480 ppt, respectively. However, the recommended concentrations for the long-lived GHGs, CO2, CH4, and N2O show a small increase over that period, starting from t ...
July 2016 - American Bar Association
... Since at least the late 1970s, scientists have known that greenhouse gas emissions from human activity are contributing to the warming of the planet. In 1988, NASA scientist James Hansen testified before the U.S. Congress about the need to take action on climate change, and his call to action was wi ...
... Since at least the late 1970s, scientists have known that greenhouse gas emissions from human activity are contributing to the warming of the planet. In 1988, NASA scientist James Hansen testified before the U.S. Congress about the need to take action on climate change, and his call to action was wi ...
6. Impacts of climate change on Oregon`s coasts and estuaries
... mm/year of the SLR rate was due to thermal expansion, 1.1 ± 0.25 mm/year was due to the melting of glaciers, and 0.7 ± 0.2 mm/year was due to the melting of ice sheets (0.4 ± 0.15 mm/ year for Greenland and 0.3 ± 0.15 mm/year for West Antarctica). This sea level budget sums to 2.85 ± 0.35 mm/year an ...
... mm/year of the SLR rate was due to thermal expansion, 1.1 ± 0.25 mm/year was due to the melting of glaciers, and 0.7 ± 0.2 mm/year was due to the melting of ice sheets (0.4 ± 0.15 mm/ year for Greenland and 0.3 ± 0.15 mm/year for West Antarctica). This sea level budget sums to 2.85 ± 0.35 mm/year an ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).