Ch4 Pre-release version - Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
... of the models related to descriptions of high-latitude surface processes have been identified, and these are among the most serious shortcomings of present-day arctic climate modeling. Local and regional climate features, such as enhanced precipitation close to steep mountains, are not well represen ...
terms of reference
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), otherwise known as “Paris 2015” from November 30th to December 11th. COP21 will be a crucial conference, as it needs to achieve a new international agreement on the climate, applicable to all countries, with the aim of keeping glob ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21/CMP11), otherwise known as “Paris 2015” from November 30th to December 11th. COP21 will be a crucial conference, as it needs to achieve a new international agreement on the climate, applicable to all countries, with the aim of keeping glob ...
Learning about climate changethe Pacific way
... that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resource is on the effects of changes in air and seasurface temperature, rainfall, sea-level rise and extreme weather events on island environments, economies and people. It is vital to enhance individual and community skills to adapt to these ...
... that are specific to Pacific islands. The focus of this resource is on the effects of changes in air and seasurface temperature, rainfall, sea-level rise and extreme weather events on island environments, economies and people. It is vital to enhance individual and community skills to adapt to these ...
Assessment of flash floods taking into account climate
... in inland continental regions and flash floods often result in loss of life (which is not that common in lowland floods). Some researchers have found that extreme events are expected to increase all over Europe due to global change (Dankers and Feyen, 2009). However, there is not a lot of agreement ...
... in inland continental regions and flash floods often result in loss of life (which is not that common in lowland floods). Some researchers have found that extreme events are expected to increase all over Europe due to global change (Dankers and Feyen, 2009). However, there is not a lot of agreement ...
PDF
... 2013,). Brozovic et al. (2010) indicate that the use of single-cell models may be adequate for small aquifers or a relatively small area within a much larger aquifer, as is the case here. The analysis in this paper is based on the single cell framework for several reasons. First, in spite of its lim ...
... 2013,). Brozovic et al. (2010) indicate that the use of single-cell models may be adequate for small aquifers or a relatively small area within a much larger aquifer, as is the case here. The analysis in this paper is based on the single cell framework for several reasons. First, in spite of its lim ...
Atmospheric Moisture Residence Times and Cycling: Implications
... Abstract. New estimates of the moistening of the atmosphere through evaporation at the surface and of the drying through precipitation are computed. Overall, the e-folding residence time of atmospheric moisture is just over 8 days. New estimates are also made of how much moisture that precipitates o ...
... Abstract. New estimates of the moistening of the atmosphere through evaporation at the surface and of the drying through precipitation are computed. Overall, the e-folding residence time of atmospheric moisture is just over 8 days. New estimates are also made of how much moisture that precipitates o ...
Understanding patterns of resilient economic development. Rwanda
... The physical effects of climate change will have direct and indirect impacts on economic and social structures and natural systems, and these impacts will have high costs (IPCC, 2001; IPCC, 2014; Stern, 2006). Although the manifestation of climate change will vary across regions, at the global level ...
... The physical effects of climate change will have direct and indirect impacts on economic and social structures and natural systems, and these impacts will have high costs (IPCC, 2001; IPCC, 2014; Stern, 2006). Although the manifestation of climate change will vary across regions, at the global level ...
The Open Ocean
... which will continue under all emissions scenarios, and human exposure and vulnerability. 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in t ...
... which will continue under all emissions scenarios, and human exposure and vulnerability. 4. Unabated greenhouse gas emissions require immediate regulation to avoid severe consequences. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, IPCC projections from now to 2050 indicate a continued decline in t ...
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative
... There is an apparent discrepancy between the TCR estimated with the most recent set of Earth system models (ESMs) versus some recent studies that invoke observational constraints (Otto et al., 2013) and simplified models (Schwartz, 2012; Collins et al., 2013). These latter studies suggest the possib ...
... There is an apparent discrepancy between the TCR estimated with the most recent set of Earth system models (ESMs) versus some recent studies that invoke observational constraints (Otto et al., 2013) and simplified models (Schwartz, 2012; Collins et al., 2013). These latter studies suggest the possib ...
Cost Benefit Analysis Tool and Guidance
... Economic valuation (estimations of benefits and costs) of adaptation is relevant to address different objectives, such as decisions on national sectoral policies or programs, or the appraisal and prioritization of projects at subnational or local level (Watkiss et al., 2015). A common economic decis ...
... Economic valuation (estimations of benefits and costs) of adaptation is relevant to address different objectives, such as decisions on national sectoral policies or programs, or the appraisal and prioritization of projects at subnational or local level (Watkiss et al., 2015). A common economic decis ...
Carbon-nitrogen interactions regulate climate
... plants and microbes for new mineral nitrogen resources is reasonable. Our results suggest a weaker dependence of net land carbon flux on soil moisture changes in tropical regions, and a stronger positive growth response to warming in those regions, than predicted by a similar AOGCM implemented witho ...
... plants and microbes for new mineral nitrogen resources is reasonable. Our results suggest a weaker dependence of net land carbon flux on soil moisture changes in tropical regions, and a stronger positive growth response to warming in those regions, than predicted by a similar AOGCM implemented witho ...
Climate Change and Cultural Heritage Conservation
... next NPS Centennial Essay series appears, the Earth will be 2-4 degrees Celsius (4-11 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer, with some 0.25m higher sea levels, fewer plant and animal species, and perhaps two billion more human beings. The centennial of America's "best idea" is as good a time as any to think se ...
... next NPS Centennial Essay series appears, the Earth will be 2-4 degrees Celsius (4-11 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer, with some 0.25m higher sea levels, fewer plant and animal species, and perhaps two billion more human beings. The centennial of America's "best idea" is as good a time as any to think se ...
Perceptions of Climate Change and Vulnerability in Upper Svaneti
... have been documented over the past century (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; IPCC 2007), and the scientific community is 90%-100% certain that human activities have influenced natural systems through the use of fossil fuels and land-use changes (IPCC 2007). Many strategies for the mitigation, prevention, and ...
... have been documented over the past century (Parmesan and Yohe 2003; IPCC 2007), and the scientific community is 90%-100% certain that human activities have influenced natural systems through the use of fossil fuels and land-use changes (IPCC 2007). Many strategies for the mitigation, prevention, and ...
UN report: The coming financial climate
... system to deliver climate security has emerged as a key cross-cutting issue. As a result, we are focusing this document – the Inquiry’s fourth progress report – on financial reforms that can reduce the risks of high carbon assets, scale up capital for the low-carbon transition and invest in protecti ...
... system to deliver climate security has emerged as a key cross-cutting issue. As a result, we are focusing this document – the Inquiry’s fourth progress report – on financial reforms that can reduce the risks of high carbon assets, scale up capital for the low-carbon transition and invest in protecti ...
Understanding future risks to ports in Australia
... compilation of climate information packs for each of the case study ports, and 6) contextualising with non-climate drivers. The task of matching available future climate information to end user requirements, and understanding and interpreting the processed data whilst dealing with the inherent uncer ...
... compilation of climate information packs for each of the case study ports, and 6) contextualising with non-climate drivers. The task of matching available future climate information to end user requirements, and understanding and interpreting the processed data whilst dealing with the inherent uncer ...
The colour of climate: changes in peat
... 2000). These archives contain proxies of different types; biological, physical, chemical and lithological (Lowe and Walker, 1997) and analyses of these make it possible for the scientific community to interpret past climate changes and contribute to the understanding of Earth’s climate system. Althou ...
... 2000). These archives contain proxies of different types; biological, physical, chemical and lithological (Lowe and Walker, 1997) and analyses of these make it possible for the scientific community to interpret past climate changes and contribute to the understanding of Earth’s climate system. Althou ...
No Slide Title
... The ultimate objective of this Convention .... is to achieve, .… stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a ...
... The ultimate objective of this Convention .... is to achieve, .… stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a ...
1 OCTOBER TERM, 2006 Syllabus
... “air pollutant” under §7602, and that, even if it possessed authority, it would decline to exercise it because regulation would conflict with other administration priorities. Because the Act expressly permits review of such an action, §7607(b)(1), this Court “may reverse [it if it finds it to be] ar ...
... “air pollutant” under §7602, and that, even if it possessed authority, it would decline to exercise it because regulation would conflict with other administration priorities. Because the Act expressly permits review of such an action, §7607(b)(1), this Court “may reverse [it if it finds it to be] ar ...
Climate Finance Study Group
... business areas, and governments have tools they can use for that purpose – examples include access to finance for SMEs to limit R&D risks, breaking contracts into smaller lots, and awarding the intellectual property right to the supplier (OECD, 2016d).13 Complementary to carbon pricing and regulatio ...
... business areas, and governments have tools they can use for that purpose – examples include access to finance for SMEs to limit R&D risks, breaking contracts into smaller lots, and awarding the intellectual property right to the supplier (OECD, 2016d).13 Complementary to carbon pricing and regulatio ...
projected climate change impacts on energy and peak demand in
... proposals for Canadian provinces to assess how climate change might impact energy demand. Manitoba Hydro, as the primary provider of electrical energy and natural gas in the Province of Manitoba, undertook this study with the support of the Manitoba Government. This report constitutes Manitoba’s con ...
... proposals for Canadian provinces to assess how climate change might impact energy demand. Manitoba Hydro, as the primary provider of electrical energy and natural gas in the Province of Manitoba, undertook this study with the support of the Manitoba Government. This report constitutes Manitoba’s con ...
1 OCTOBER TERM, 2006 Syllabus
... “air pollutant” under §7602, and that, even if it possessed authority, it would decline to exercise it because regulation would conflict with other administration priorities. Because the Act expressly permits review of such an action, §7607(b)(1), this Court “may reverse [it if it finds it to be] ar ...
... “air pollutant” under §7602, and that, even if it possessed authority, it would decline to exercise it because regulation would conflict with other administration priorities. Because the Act expressly permits review of such an action, §7607(b)(1), this Court “may reverse [it if it finds it to be] ar ...
Climate Change Impacts and Opportunities for Biodiversity and
... water, agriculture and human health sectors, prepared by State’s technical committees established by the NAP project, consist of experts from line ministries, research, academia and civil societies organizations. In addition there are also recent reports from NAP preparation on climate scenarios and ...
... water, agriculture and human health sectors, prepared by State’s technical committees established by the NAP project, consist of experts from line ministries, research, academia and civil societies organizations. In addition there are also recent reports from NAP preparation on climate scenarios and ...
Why tropical forest lizards are vulnerable to climate warming
... Early workers, who apparently expected that tropical lizards would have relatively high Tb simply because lowland tropical sites are always warm, were surprised to find that some tropical species were in fact active at Tbs well below those of most temperate-zone species (Brattstrom 1965). We evaluat ...
... Early workers, who apparently expected that tropical lizards would have relatively high Tb simply because lowland tropical sites are always warm, were surprised to find that some tropical species were in fact active at Tbs well below those of most temperate-zone species (Brattstrom 1965). We evaluat ...
factors influencing climate change adaptation
... Logistic Regression Model with SPSS version 17.0. Findings through descriptive analysis reveal that majority of the respondents were aware of warmer temperatures and experienced irregular rainfall patterns which started late and stopped early. The results of the model revealed that the choice of ada ...
... Logistic Regression Model with SPSS version 17.0. Findings through descriptive analysis reveal that majority of the respondents were aware of warmer temperatures and experienced irregular rainfall patterns which started late and stopped early. The results of the model revealed that the choice of ada ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).