Heat stress and the fitness consequences of climate change for
... mid-latitudes (20–40°) showed pronounced but heterogeneous responses to climate change. Fitness decreases for these species were accompanied by greater interannual variation in fitness. An alternative TPC model and a larger data set gave qualitatively similar results. 4. How close maximum summer temp ...
... mid-latitudes (20–40°) showed pronounced but heterogeneous responses to climate change. Fitness decreases for these species were accompanied by greater interannual variation in fitness. An alternative TPC model and a larger data set gave qualitatively similar results. 4. How close maximum summer temp ...
The Use of New Economic Decision- Support Tools for - circle-2
... Change in EAD between the 2080s (2071-2100) and baseline period (1961-1990) for the A1B scenario based on LISFLOOD simulations driven by various regional climate models. Each plate represents the results for one of the 12 model combinations Feyen et al, 2011 ...
... Change in EAD between the 2080s (2071-2100) and baseline period (1961-1990) for the A1B scenario based on LISFLOOD simulations driven by various regional climate models. Each plate represents the results for one of the 12 model combinations Feyen et al, 2011 ...
The Earth—10 Feb • Policy on absences
... Dr. Michael MacCracken Climate Institute Washington DC ...
... Dr. Michael MacCracken Climate Institute Washington DC ...
docx
... for by current climate negotiations -- are catastrophic, unthinkable. Moreover, the warming that has been set in motion cannot be undone. The reality that our way of life is destroying Earth’s capacity to sustain life is too terrible to face; we flee into the comfort of ignoring, pretending that lif ...
... for by current climate negotiations -- are catastrophic, unthinkable. Moreover, the warming that has been set in motion cannot be undone. The reality that our way of life is destroying Earth’s capacity to sustain life is too terrible to face; we flee into the comfort of ignoring, pretending that lif ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human
... crust. India was the only land area located far from its current location at the beginning of the Cenozoic. The Indian plate was still south of the Equator, but moving northward at a rate of about 20 cm per year (Kumar et al., 2007), a rapid continental drift rate. The Indian plate moved toward and ...
... crust. India was the only land area located far from its current location at the beginning of the Cenozoic. The Indian plate was still south of the Equator, but moving northward at a rate of about 20 cm per year (Kumar et al., 2007), a rapid continental drift rate. The Indian plate moved toward and ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made
... from Earth's crust and burial back into the crust (Berner, 2004). CO2 outgassing occurs during subduction of oceanic crust. Burial is primarily via the chemical weathering of rocks with deposition of carbonates on the ocean floor, and to a less extent via burial of organic matter, some of which even ...
... from Earth's crust and burial back into the crust (Berner, 2004). CO2 outgassing occurs during subduction of oceanic crust. Burial is primarily via the chemical weathering of rocks with deposition of carbonates on the ocean floor, and to a less extent via burial of organic matter, some of which even ...
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... World Meteorological Organization (WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide objective scientific analysis on all aspects of climate change.10 IPCC’s 2007 Fourth Assessment stated that “atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by almost 100 ppm since their pre- ...
... World Meteorological Organization (WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide objective scientific analysis on all aspects of climate change.10 IPCC’s 2007 Fourth Assessment stated that “atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by almost 100 ppm since their pre- ...
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... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
The Household Production Function Approach to Valuing Climate
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
here
... to the tundra: “Greater fire activity will likely accompany temperature-related increases in shrubdominated tundra predicted for the 21 st century and beyond.” The concern is not so much the direct emissions from burning tundra, but the albedo change. [13]And ...
... to the tundra: “Greater fire activity will likely accompany temperature-related increases in shrubdominated tundra predicted for the 21 st century and beyond.” The concern is not so much the direct emissions from burning tundra, but the albedo change. [13]And ...
Increasing River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean
... largest Eurasian arctic rivers alone would increase by 0.01 to 0.04 sverdrup (315 to 1260 km3/year) by 2100. This would represent an 18 to 70% increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge over present conditions. A comparable increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge (⬃35%) has been predicted by th ...
... largest Eurasian arctic rivers alone would increase by 0.01 to 0.04 sverdrup (315 to 1260 km3/year) by 2100. This would represent an 18 to 70% increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge over present conditions. A comparable increase in Eurasian arctic river discharge (⬃35%) has been predicted by th ...
Colloquium on Environmental Aspects of Aviation
... Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research ...
... Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research ...
Training Your People How to Think About Climate Change
... recent IPCC report reverted to the traditional graph.8 This early episode in the climate debate also pointed to the fallacy of a “peer review” that excluded outside experts in specialized methodologies used in the study. Once a graph is produced of global temperatures over the past 5-8 centuries, an ...
... recent IPCC report reverted to the traditional graph.8 This early episode in the climate debate also pointed to the fallacy of a “peer review” that excluded outside experts in specialized methodologies used in the study. Once a graph is produced of global temperatures over the past 5-8 centuries, an ...
Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change
... because changes in precipitation and other climatic variables may lead to significant changes in water supply in many regions (6–11). The effect of climate change on water resources is, however, uncertain for a number of reasons. Climate model projections, although rather consistent in terms of globa ...
... because changes in precipitation and other climatic variables may lead to significant changes in water supply in many regions (6–11). The effect of climate change on water resources is, however, uncertain for a number of reasons. Climate model projections, although rather consistent in terms of globa ...
climate change and emissions pathways
... are primarily offered to demonstrate the framework, not to bound future outcomes, as higher and lower emissions pathways are still quite plausible. Temperature Projections Climate Sensitivity Uncertainty. Much of the uncertainty in current understanding of the climate system is captured by the so-ca ...
... are primarily offered to demonstrate the framework, not to bound future outcomes, as higher and lower emissions pathways are still quite plausible. Temperature Projections Climate Sensitivity Uncertainty. Much of the uncertainty in current understanding of the climate system is captured by the so-ca ...
Chapter 4 Climate change and its implications for catastrophe
... Catastrophe modelling originated from spatial modelling in the 1970s. Insurance companies developed so-called “deterministic loss models” to determine the losses associated with particular events, e.g. to test worst-case scenarios for a portfolio or simulate the losses expected if a particular histo ...
... Catastrophe modelling originated from spatial modelling in the 1970s. Insurance companies developed so-called “deterministic loss models” to determine the losses associated with particular events, e.g. to test worst-case scenarios for a portfolio or simulate the losses expected if a particular histo ...
REQUEST FOR CLIMATE SIMULATION LABORATORY
... nationwide activity to develop and assess a state-of-the-art global climate system model and apply it to grand challenge climate issues. The development and assessment of this modeling system has been ongoing for the past ten years. The simulations produced by the CCSM have improved continuously ove ...
... nationwide activity to develop and assess a state-of-the-art global climate system model and apply it to grand challenge climate issues. The development and assessment of this modeling system has been ongoing for the past ten years. The simulations produced by the CCSM have improved continuously ove ...
Marine Board-ESF Response to the European Commission DG
... requires an urgent global response, and that climate change is driven by human activity. The ocean is a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system. It is the driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. While the oceans and seas have a strong influence ...
... requires an urgent global response, and that climate change is driven by human activity. The ocean is a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system. It is the driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. While the oceans and seas have a strong influence ...
- Wiley Online Library
... large-scale vegetation distribution is significantly controlled by climate (Woodward 1987), which has had a clear warming trend for the past three decades (ACIA 2005; Chapman and Walsh 2007). This trend is expected to continue through the 21st century (Overland et al. 2004; Wolf et al. 2008). Vegeta ...
... large-scale vegetation distribution is significantly controlled by climate (Woodward 1987), which has had a clear warming trend for the past three decades (ACIA 2005; Chapman and Walsh 2007). This trend is expected to continue through the 21st century (Overland et al. 2004; Wolf et al. 2008). Vegeta ...
4. an assessment of the role of anthropogenic climate change
... in June, not shown). In nature, Alaska temperatures display a statewide warming of about 1°C in the annual mean and about 1.5°C in May–July since 1920; precipitation trends over the same period are mixed (Bieniek et al. 2014; see also NOAA’s Climate at a Glance, www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag). Possible reas ...
... in June, not shown). In nature, Alaska temperatures display a statewide warming of about 1°C in the annual mean and about 1.5°C in May–July since 1920; precipitation trends over the same period are mixed (Bieniek et al. 2014; see also NOAA’s Climate at a Glance, www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag). Possible reas ...
Potential Threats from Climate Change to Human
... and determine human status and the biodiversity of the ecosystem. In the last decade, climate change has been recognised increasingly as an important factor affecting and continuing to affect profoundly various aspects of our planet; and it puts an additional variable into the pre-existing complicat ...
... and determine human status and the biodiversity of the ecosystem. In the last decade, climate change has been recognised increasingly as an important factor affecting and continuing to affect profoundly various aspects of our planet; and it puts an additional variable into the pre-existing complicat ...
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... particularly in large river basins such as Changjiang, is likely to decrease due to climate change, along with population growth and rising standards of living that could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. Projected sea-level rise is very likely to result in significant losses ...
... particularly in large river basins such as Changjiang, is likely to decrease due to climate change, along with population growth and rising standards of living that could adversely affect more than a billion people by the 2050s. Projected sea-level rise is very likely to result in significant losses ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).