Phenology as an Integrative Science for Assessment of Global
... of organisms, their inter-specific interactions, their ecological functions, and their effects on fluxes in water, energy, and chemical elements at various scales. Phenological data and models are useful in agriculture, drought monitoring, and wildfire risk assessment, as well as management of invas ...
... of organisms, their inter-specific interactions, their ecological functions, and their effects on fluxes in water, energy, and chemical elements at various scales. Phenological data and models are useful in agriculture, drought monitoring, and wildfire risk assessment, as well as management of invas ...
report_workshop_14.10.10
... Sand and gravel extraction Researchers working on climate change and the Belgian Coast Others Total ...
... Sand and gravel extraction Researchers working on climate change and the Belgian Coast Others Total ...
Climate change, phenological shifts, eco
... Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions (Pigliucci 2001; Nussey et al. 2007; Reale et al. 2003; Bradshaw 1965). Underlying plasticity is a physiological (endocrine and neurological) mechanism (Wingfield et a ...
... Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions (Pigliucci 2001; Nussey et al. 2007; Reale et al. 2003; Bradshaw 1965). Underlying plasticity is a physiological (endocrine and neurological) mechanism (Wingfield et a ...
T M Target Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
... The global climate system has not yet fully responded to the recent increase of anthropogenic climate forcings because of its inertia (i.e. climate inertia) (Hansen et al., 2007). Nevertheless, climate impacts are already occurring that allow scientists to make an initial estimate for target atmosph ...
... The global climate system has not yet fully responded to the recent increase of anthropogenic climate forcings because of its inertia (i.e. climate inertia) (Hansen et al., 2007). Nevertheless, climate impacts are already occurring that allow scientists to make an initial estimate for target atmosph ...
Calculating the social cost of carbon
... how carbon should be priced, and more fundamentally, how to assess the benefits of moving to a low-carbon economy, so that one can better judge whether the extra costs of low-carbon electricity are worthwhile. The fundamental concept is the social cost of carbon that measures the present discounted ...
... how carbon should be priced, and more fundamentally, how to assess the benefits of moving to a low-carbon economy, so that one can better judge whether the extra costs of low-carbon electricity are worthwhile. The fundamental concept is the social cost of carbon that measures the present discounted ...
Road transport sensitivities to weather and climate change in Australia
... the northern hemisphere at the end of the 20th century were warmer than any point in the past 1-2 thousand years (Mann & Jones, 2003). These temperature increases have also influenced the global hydrological cycle. Precipitation in the northern hemisphere increased 5-10% over the 20th century, with ...
... the northern hemisphere at the end of the 20th century were warmer than any point in the past 1-2 thousand years (Mann & Jones, 2003). These temperature increases have also influenced the global hydrological cycle. Precipitation in the northern hemisphere increased 5-10% over the 20th century, with ...
The Climate of Middle Earth
... height dependent on the distance from the Earth’s surface boxes situated near the surface of the Earth have a smaller height than those at the top of the atmosphere or bottom of the ocean. This results in a ‘matrix’ of boxes covering the world, with 96 boxes in the West-East direction, 73 boxes in N ...
... height dependent on the distance from the Earth’s surface boxes situated near the surface of the Earth have a smaller height than those at the top of the atmosphere or bottom of the ocean. This results in a ‘matrix’ of boxes covering the world, with 96 boxes in the West-East direction, 73 boxes in N ...
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... bringing together individuals from all walks of life with the common purpose of expressing and understanding the impacts of climate change on their lives in Maine. It also recognized and elevated the stature of even more University of Maine strengths in climate related research, education and servi ...
... bringing together individuals from all walks of life with the common purpose of expressing and understanding the impacts of climate change on their lives in Maine. It also recognized and elevated the stature of even more University of Maine strengths in climate related research, education and servi ...
“icehouse” (cold) climates
... Well-mixed and colder oceans During an icehouse, the deep ocean floor is oxygenated, and oceans are well-mixed. Icehouse conditions are favored when continental positioning allows north-south ocean circulation to bring warm equatorial water into polar latitudes where it evaporates and generates snow ...
... Well-mixed and colder oceans During an icehouse, the deep ocean floor is oxygenated, and oceans are well-mixed. Icehouse conditions are favored when continental positioning allows north-south ocean circulation to bring warm equatorial water into polar latitudes where it evaporates and generates snow ...
13_02 Unstable Climates
... almost as the basis for predictions (Lamb & Changnon, 1981; Kunkel & Court, 1990). The very use of the word ‘normal’ offered up this expectation and allowed for anything outside this range to be viewed as ‘abnormal’, requiring special explanation. On the other hand, fixing a definition of climate to ...
... almost as the basis for predictions (Lamb & Changnon, 1981; Kunkel & Court, 1990). The very use of the word ‘normal’ offered up this expectation and allowed for anything outside this range to be viewed as ‘abnormal’, requiring special explanation. On the other hand, fixing a definition of climate to ...
http://germanwatch.org/en/download/8551.pdf
... Over the past years the Philippines, Pakistan and Russia have appeared several times in the Down 10 list. In December 2012, the Philippines were hit by Typhoon Bopha, the landfall of which claimed over 1,400 victims, topping the list for most human casualties of the year for the second year in a row ...
... Over the past years the Philippines, Pakistan and Russia have appeared several times in the Down 10 list. In December 2012, the Philippines were hit by Typhoon Bopha, the landfall of which claimed over 1,400 victims, topping the list for most human casualties of the year for the second year in a row ...
Finland is implementing the Kyoto Protocol
... between EU Member States, Finland is committed under the Kyoto Protocol to bringing national average annual emissions down to their 1990 level in the 2008–2012 period. In the international climate negotiations, Finland follows the common position of the European Union. In 2008 and 2009, Finland’s gr ...
... between EU Member States, Finland is committed under the Kyoto Protocol to bringing national average annual emissions down to their 1990 level in the 2008–2012 period. In the international climate negotiations, Finland follows the common position of the European Union. In 2008 and 2009, Finland’s gr ...
Viticultureclimate relationships in Greece: the impacts
... zones, in present (Jones et al ., 2005a) and future conditions (Kenny and Harrison, 1992). Especially, hot viticultural regions (like Greece) are expected to experience negative impacts from increased ripening period temperatures, imposing challenges in ripening balanced fruit and producing quality ...
... zones, in present (Jones et al ., 2005a) and future conditions (Kenny and Harrison, 1992). Especially, hot viticultural regions (like Greece) are expected to experience negative impacts from increased ripening period temperatures, imposing challenges in ripening balanced fruit and producing quality ...
The Republic of China (Taiwan) Bids for
... workshops on adaptation to train primary school teachers. Taiwan’s international efforts to tackle climate change Over the years, Taiwan has promoted cooperative projects with countries around the world, including four countries in Central Asia, five in the Caribbean, eight in Latin America, five in ...
... workshops on adaptation to train primary school teachers. Taiwan’s international efforts to tackle climate change Over the years, Taiwan has promoted cooperative projects with countries around the world, including four countries in Central Asia, five in the Caribbean, eight in Latin America, five in ...
The Republic of China (Taiwan) Bids for
... each country to play its part in meeting these common goals.” – Nicholas Stern ...
... each country to play its part in meeting these common goals.” – Nicholas Stern ...
Environmental Education Research.
... come to understand human-caused climate change as controversial. And indeed, viewers of Fox News are more likely to be climate skeptics even when taking into account political affiliation (Feldman et al. 2012). The effects of framing go beyond individual positions about specific topics. Frames accumul ...
... come to understand human-caused climate change as controversial. And indeed, viewers of Fox News are more likely to be climate skeptics even when taking into account political affiliation (Feldman et al. 2012). The effects of framing go beyond individual positions about specific topics. Frames accumul ...
PDF
... One of the first attempts to incorporate vegetation model results in a forest sector model is that of the Timber Supply Model (TSM) of Sohngen et al. (2001). They utilize output from two GCMs and the vegetation model BIOME3 (Haxeltine and Prentice, 1996) to analyze the impact of climate change on gl ...
... One of the first attempts to incorporate vegetation model results in a forest sector model is that of the Timber Supply Model (TSM) of Sohngen et al. (2001). They utilize output from two GCMs and the vegetation model BIOME3 (Haxeltine and Prentice, 1996) to analyze the impact of climate change on gl ...
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
... and likelihood of extremes of temperature and precipitation. The choice is subjective due to the paucity of literature projecting the impacts of changes in heat extremes. By about 2035 (during which time the increase in model-averaged and scenario-averaged GMT remains below ~1.6 °C), 25–30% of daily ...
... and likelihood of extremes of temperature and precipitation. The choice is subjective due to the paucity of literature projecting the impacts of changes in heat extremes. By about 2035 (during which time the increase in model-averaged and scenario-averaged GMT remains below ~1.6 °C), 25–30% of daily ...
Innovation in the realm of institutional complexity
... relevance for our study. This model shows how actors construct and reconstruct complex institutional environments in their practical everyday work through different cycles by making sense of contradictory logics over time. These previous studies are important starting points for our study on climate ...
... relevance for our study. This model shows how actors construct and reconstruct complex institutional environments in their practical everyday work through different cycles by making sense of contradictory logics over time. These previous studies are important starting points for our study on climate ...
b) To build capacity to reduce vulnerability to
... 2.2.12 While there will be no obligation on the part of the territories to avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by the project to participate in and benefit from wider regional climate change adaptation activities, consultations to date have clearly indicated that they will wish to do so acc ...
... 2.2.12 While there will be no obligation on the part of the territories to avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by the project to participate in and benefit from wider regional climate change adaptation activities, consultations to date have clearly indicated that they will wish to do so acc ...
Climate Change Adaptation Guideline
... damage to energy networks. Increased frequency of drought conditions will reduce water security especially for thermal power generation. ...
... damage to energy networks. Increased frequency of drought conditions will reduce water security especially for thermal power generation. ...
Articles Climate Change Vulnerability and Policy Support
... to mitigate or adapt to the adverse impacts of global climate change (Roberts et al. 2004). Most precautionary strategies focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but also include, among other options, restricting development in floodplains and sub-sea-level elevations, preventing the buildup of ...
... to mitigate or adapt to the adverse impacts of global climate change (Roberts et al. 2004). Most precautionary strategies focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but also include, among other options, restricting development in floodplains and sub-sea-level elevations, preventing the buildup of ...
Apocalypse soon? Dire messages reduce belief in global warming by
... A total of 45 (10 male, 34 female, and 1 did not indicate) participants were recruited to the study via an advertisement posted on the Craigslist.org websites of 30 different American cities. The recruitment advertisement offered a chance to win a new iPod or $50 gift certificate in exchange for par ...
... A total of 45 (10 male, 34 female, and 1 did not indicate) participants were recruited to the study via an advertisement posted on the Craigslist.org websites of 30 different American cities. The recruitment advertisement offered a chance to win a new iPod or $50 gift certificate in exchange for par ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).