Climate response to imposed solar radiation reductions in high
... amplified warming in high latitudes, mitigation alone is unlikely to be rapid enough to prevent significant, even irreversible, impacts. Model simulations in which solar insolation was arbitrarily reduced poleward of 51, 61, or 71◦ latitude in one or both hemispheres not only cooled those regions, b ...
... amplified warming in high latitudes, mitigation alone is unlikely to be rapid enough to prevent significant, even irreversible, impacts. Model simulations in which solar insolation was arbitrarily reduced poleward of 51, 61, or 71◦ latitude in one or both hemispheres not only cooled those regions, b ...
Issues relating to GHG, Sectors and Source Categories in IPCC
... • CO2 and N2O emissions from managed wetlands (with a basis for methodological development for CH4 emissions from flooded land in an Appendix 3); • CH4 emission from livestock (enteric fermentation); • CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management systems; and • C stock change associated with ...
... • CO2 and N2O emissions from managed wetlands (with a basis for methodological development for CH4 emissions from flooded land in an Appendix 3); • CH4 emission from livestock (enteric fermentation); • CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management systems; and • C stock change associated with ...
How Climate Change Will Affect People Around the World
... The consequences of climate change will depend on how the physical impacts interact with socioeconomic factors. Population movement and growth will often exacerbate the impacts by increasing society’s exposure to environmental stresses (for example, more people living by the coast) and reducing the ...
... The consequences of climate change will depend on how the physical impacts interact with socioeconomic factors. Population movement and growth will often exacerbate the impacts by increasing society’s exposure to environmental stresses (for example, more people living by the coast) and reducing the ...
the nansen conference
... A group of international experts were consulted while developing the conference programme, in order to ensure selection of the most relevant topics for discussion. The advisory board consisted of the following organisations and individuals: • Mr. Jose Riera, representative of the United Nations High ...
... A group of international experts were consulted while developing the conference programme, in order to ensure selection of the most relevant topics for discussion. The advisory board consisted of the following organisations and individuals: • Mr. Jose Riera, representative of the United Nations High ...
Climate Change in - Pakistan Meteorological Department
... vehicular fossil fuel burning. Such gases have large warming potential and long life time to sustain warming process for decades to centuries. During 20th century, the increase in the global temperature was recorded as 0.76°C but in the first decade of this century 0.6°C rise has been noticed. Among ...
... vehicular fossil fuel burning. Such gases have large warming potential and long life time to sustain warming process for decades to centuries. During 20th century, the increase in the global temperature was recorded as 0.76°C but in the first decade of this century 0.6°C rise has been noticed. Among ...
Resistance to change: A social psychological
... more than 50 years ago that people engage in “wishful thinking” by adjusting their judgments of probability or likelihood to fit with their judgments of liking or desirability. In other words, people are motivated to rationalize outcomes that are extremely undesirable (such as environmental catastro ...
... more than 50 years ago that people engage in “wishful thinking” by adjusting their judgments of probability or likelihood to fit with their judgments of liking or desirability. In other words, people are motivated to rationalize outcomes that are extremely undesirable (such as environmental catastro ...
More Extreme Heat Waves: Global Warming`s Wake Up Call
... The Dust Bowl Era in the 1930s brought some of the most frequent and severe heat waves on record for the United States. These extremely high temperatures were associated with an intense multi-year drought pattern that affected the Great Plains, likely caused by natural oscillations in ocean surface ...
... The Dust Bowl Era in the 1930s brought some of the most frequent and severe heat waves on record for the United States. These extremely high temperatures were associated with an intense multi-year drought pattern that affected the Great Plains, likely caused by natural oscillations in ocean surface ...
Global food security under climate change
... falling real prices for food and rising real incomes have led to substantial improvements in access to food in many developing countries. Increased purchasing power has allowed a growing number of people to purchase not only more food but also more nutritious food with more protein, micronutrients, ...
... falling real prices for food and rising real incomes have led to substantial improvements in access to food in many developing countries. Increased purchasing power has allowed a growing number of people to purchase not only more food but also more nutritious food with more protein, micronutrients, ...
18 – 19 June 2014, Hôtel De Mille Collines Kigali - CDM
... submitted to the secretariat before the COP20 in Lima and more so before COP21 in Paris expected to coincide with the coming into force of the second agreement and commitment period of KP. Key concerns under this concept are; should contributions only be limited to mitigation or it can also take the ...
... submitted to the secretariat before the COP20 in Lima and more so before COP21 in Paris expected to coincide with the coming into force of the second agreement and commitment period of KP. Key concerns under this concept are; should contributions only be limited to mitigation or it can also take the ...
s ustainability
... Sustainability 2013, 5, 136-159; doi: 10.3390/su50 10136 This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected: however, some errors may remain. ...
... Sustainability 2013, 5, 136-159; doi: 10.3390/su50 10136 This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected: however, some errors may remain. ...
Social vulnerability - global change SysTem for Analysis, Research
... – Need indicators to represent the layers – How do we represent the interactions? • For example, to link hazard and impacts we may use (empirical) damage functions, or complex, process-based models (ex: crop models) ...
... – Need indicators to represent the layers – How do we represent the interactions? • For example, to link hazard and impacts we may use (empirical) damage functions, or complex, process-based models (ex: crop models) ...
Future climate warming and changes to mountain permafrost in the
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
... been reported as 0.5 °C per decade (EEA 2009). The Andes warmed at 0.11 °C per decade in the latter part of the 20th century, which is 0.06 °C per decade above the global average (Vuille et al. 2008). Continued warming is expected to cause further retreat and degradation of highelevation permafrost ...
PDF
... on biodiversity services in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) economic assessment. Although it uses a general equilibrium model, the assessment is partial as we focus on the economic value transfer of a set of services provided by selected ecosystems restricted to the context of the European Un ...
... on biodiversity services in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) economic assessment. Although it uses a general equilibrium model, the assessment is partial as we focus on the economic value transfer of a set of services provided by selected ecosystems restricted to the context of the European Un ...
Globally averaged temperatures have increased since the mid
... Tropospheric aerosol concentrations in the Arctic are marked by a large increase each year in late winter and early spring (e.g., Shaw, 1995; Sirois and Barrie, 1999). The combination of intense isentropic transport from the mid-latitudes to the Arctic and strong surface-based temperature inversions ...
... Tropospheric aerosol concentrations in the Arctic are marked by a large increase each year in late winter and early spring (e.g., Shaw, 1995; Sirois and Barrie, 1999). The combination of intense isentropic transport from the mid-latitudes to the Arctic and strong surface-based temperature inversions ...
The role of mineral-dust aerosols in polar temperature amplification
... reaches −3 to −6 W m−2 and is of similar strength (yearly average) as the radiative forcing due to the reduced LGM CO2 levels. In Antarctica the surface cooling is still sizable at −1 to −3 W m−2 . Long-wave forcing will slightly reduce these values, although the small size of dust particles in pola ...
... reaches −3 to −6 W m−2 and is of similar strength (yearly average) as the radiative forcing due to the reduced LGM CO2 levels. In Antarctica the surface cooling is still sizable at −1 to −3 W m−2 . Long-wave forcing will slightly reduce these values, although the small size of dust particles in pola ...
to US agricultural resources A review of impacts
... Another important set of linkages relates to human and market influences. Most agricultural systems throughout the world are managed; that is, there is active human influence in contrast to natural or unmanaged systems. As such, patterns of food production respond not only to biophysical changes in ...
... Another important set of linkages relates to human and market influences. Most agricultural systems throughout the world are managed; that is, there is active human influence in contrast to natural or unmanaged systems. As such, patterns of food production respond not only to biophysical changes in ...
- Urban Gateway
... Climate Change Adaptation Climate change effects and risks must be mainstreamed into development planning and investment. Most adaptation actions are not new to Viet Nam and are about doing more and better of what would be done without CC. However, several climate change effects are new to specific ...
... Climate Change Adaptation Climate change effects and risks must be mainstreamed into development planning and investment. Most adaptation actions are not new to Viet Nam and are about doing more and better of what would be done without CC. However, several climate change effects are new to specific ...
Streamflow hydrology in the boreal region under the influences of
... atmosphere to affect climatic feedback. The extent and duration of a sea ice cover affects oceanic evaporation, hence the moisture and heat fluxes into the Arctic atmosphere. A change in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean therefore has global climatic implications beyond the drainage basins from w ...
... atmosphere to affect climatic feedback. The extent and duration of a sea ice cover affects oceanic evaporation, hence the moisture and heat fluxes into the Arctic atmosphere. A change in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean therefore has global climatic implications beyond the drainage basins from w ...
The Greatest Challenges of Our Time
... The most important factors behind the risks are not on the political agenda nor are they taken up in public discussions. In addition, there is no political global organization with understanding, power and authority to tackle these problems. When it concerns climate change, humankind is already in a ...
... The most important factors behind the risks are not on the political agenda nor are they taken up in public discussions. In addition, there is no political global organization with understanding, power and authority to tackle these problems. When it concerns climate change, humankind is already in a ...
The EU`s disappointing leadership on climate, or
... change policy and have decided to share the emission reduction effort, could moreover be seen as a microcosm for what could be achieved internationally (cf. Jordan et al, 2010: xvi). To the contrary, if the EU would not undertake domestic action it could become subject to considerable criticism from ...
... change policy and have decided to share the emission reduction effort, could moreover be seen as a microcosm for what could be achieved internationally (cf. Jordan et al, 2010: xvi). To the contrary, if the EU would not undertake domestic action it could become subject to considerable criticism from ...
ICE AGES - Boston College
... cooling around the ice sheets, but it probably cannot explain why the tropics and Southern Hemisphere also cooled down. A plausible solution to this riddle was discovered over the past few decades from long ice cores drilled through the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Air bubbles trapped in the ice provide an ...
... cooling around the ice sheets, but it probably cannot explain why the tropics and Southern Hemisphere also cooled down. A plausible solution to this riddle was discovered over the past few decades from long ice cores drilled through the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Air bubbles trapped in the ice provide an ...
Buckley CV - University of Washington
... Moore PJ, Pandolfi JM, Poloczanska E, Venables W, and Richardson AJ. 2011. Quantitative approaches in climate change ecology. Global Change Biology 17:3697-3713. 22. Buckley LB, Waaser SA2, MacLean HJ1, and Fox R. 2011. Does including physiology improve species distribution model predictions of resp ...
... Moore PJ, Pandolfi JM, Poloczanska E, Venables W, and Richardson AJ. 2011. Quantitative approaches in climate change ecology. Global Change Biology 17:3697-3713. 22. Buckley LB, Waaser SA2, MacLean HJ1, and Fox R. 2011. Does including physiology improve species distribution model predictions of resp ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).