The design of a legacy indicator tool for measuring climate change
... Keywords: Cultural heritage, Management, Climate change, Stone, Weathering, Monitoring, Sustainability, Indicator Background Although the scientific consensus is that our global climate is changing, there is no certainty about either the scale of that change or its impacts [1]. Undoubtedly, as the ...
... Keywords: Cultural heritage, Management, Climate change, Stone, Weathering, Monitoring, Sustainability, Indicator Background Although the scientific consensus is that our global climate is changing, there is no certainty about either the scale of that change or its impacts [1]. Undoubtedly, as the ...
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on water resources in the Rio
... similar combinations of soil types and land cover or land use. A cell contains a limited number of distinct HRUs (Allasia et al., 2006). Soil-water budget is computed for each HRU of each cell, using rainfall data and evapotranspiration calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation based on data of ...
... similar combinations of soil types and land cover or land use. A cell contains a limited number of distinct HRUs (Allasia et al., 2006). Soil-water budget is computed for each HRU of each cell, using rainfall data and evapotranspiration calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation based on data of ...
Agricultural production, food security, climate change, rainfall
... amount (14.7 billion (1.8%)) went to agricultural sector. The actual spending was 681 billion Naira per year with 11.4 billion Naira for agriculture. Over 25 years, there were low and dramatic walloping of public spending in agriculture relative to large size and importance of agricultural sector in ...
... amount (14.7 billion (1.8%)) went to agricultural sector. The actual spending was 681 billion Naira per year with 11.4 billion Naira for agriculture. Over 25 years, there were low and dramatic walloping of public spending in agriculture relative to large size and importance of agricultural sector in ...
Quest - Academy of Science of South Africa
... 2°C. The annual negotiations will take place in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015. CSIR Competency Area Manager responsible for Global Change, Xolisa Ngwadla, is the lead negotiator of the African Group of Negotiators to the UNFCCC. ‘There are two parts to these negotiations,’ explained Xol ...
... 2°C. The annual negotiations will take place in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015. CSIR Competency Area Manager responsible for Global Change, Xolisa Ngwadla, is the lead negotiator of the African Group of Negotiators to the UNFCCC. ‘There are two parts to these negotiations,’ explained Xol ...
Full-Text PDF
... available for such analyses. Records of river discharges are relatively recent in the region where water resources have been little considered, since Galicia has been considered to have these in abundance and water availability is not a limiting factor for economic and social development. This is un ...
... available for such analyses. Records of river discharges are relatively recent in the region where water resources have been little considered, since Galicia has been considered to have these in abundance and water availability is not a limiting factor for economic and social development. This is un ...
http://eureka.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/66/1/TheWrongTrousers.pdf
... The Kyoto Protocol failed because it is the wrong type of instrument (a universal intergovernmental treaty) relying too heavily on the wrong agents exercising the wrong sort of power to create, from the top down, a carbon market. It relies on establishing a global market by government fiat, which h ...
... The Kyoto Protocol failed because it is the wrong type of instrument (a universal intergovernmental treaty) relying too heavily on the wrong agents exercising the wrong sort of power to create, from the top down, a carbon market. It relies on establishing a global market by government fiat, which h ...
Climate Change and the Economy: Expected Impacts and Their
... percent of our nation’s electricity is currently generated in coal, natural gas, and nuclear power plants that require large amounts of water for cooling. The timing of these interactions could pose real problems. During heat waves and droughts, which often occur simultaneously, water availability w ...
... percent of our nation’s electricity is currently generated in coal, natural gas, and nuclear power plants that require large amounts of water for cooling. The timing of these interactions could pose real problems. During heat waves and droughts, which often occur simultaneously, water availability w ...
HB 3528 – People`s Survival Fund for Climate Change
... Commission plays the coordinative, capacity-building leadership role envisioned by R.A. 9729, particularly with regard to harnessing government and non-government expertise, leveraging and managing climate change-related finance, and directing urgently needed monies towards adaptation programs that ...
... Commission plays the coordinative, capacity-building leadership role envisioned by R.A. 9729, particularly with regard to harnessing government and non-government expertise, leveraging and managing climate change-related finance, and directing urgently needed monies towards adaptation programs that ...
spring break!!!! - the House of Justice
... called the "OH shield." It acts like a huge atmospheric washing machine in which OH is the detergent. The OH shield is part of the troposphere, as the lower part of the atmosphere is called. "Only a few, extremely long-lived compounds manage to make their way through the OH shield," says Rex, "then ...
... called the "OH shield." It acts like a huge atmospheric washing machine in which OH is the detergent. The OH shield is part of the troposphere, as the lower part of the atmosphere is called. "Only a few, extremely long-lived compounds manage to make their way through the OH shield," says Rex, "then ...
Article - Cerfacs
... north during summer and minimum in the south during winter [Giorgi and Coppola, 2007]. Over southern and central Europe, the largest changes in precipitation, and probably the most worrying, occur during summer, with for example a decrease in precipitation larger than 20% in ensemble mean over Franc ...
... north during summer and minimum in the south during winter [Giorgi and Coppola, 2007]. Over southern and central Europe, the largest changes in precipitation, and probably the most worrying, occur during summer, with for example a decrease in precipitation larger than 20% in ensemble mean over Franc ...
Hydroclimatic change and connections to aquatic ecosystem
... to change (figure 1, from Seager et al. 2012), disrupting runoff and vegetation patterns (Christensen & Lettenmaier 2007, Seager et al. 2012). Evaporation, soil moisture, groundwater, vegetation response, as well as precipitation, are important factors affecting climate feedbacks and runoff. Importa ...
... to change (figure 1, from Seager et al. 2012), disrupting runoff and vegetation patterns (Christensen & Lettenmaier 2007, Seager et al. 2012). Evaporation, soil moisture, groundwater, vegetation response, as well as precipitation, are important factors affecting climate feedbacks and runoff. Importa ...
Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card 2017
... (10-32 inches) over the coming century, but higher increases exceeding a metre are possible. In the northern Caribbean, sea level rise could be 25% higher than the global average due to other physical factors affecting land elevation. This projected rise in sea level and severe storms is likely to i ...
... (10-32 inches) over the coming century, but higher increases exceeding a metre are possible. In the northern Caribbean, sea level rise could be 25% higher than the global average due to other physical factors affecting land elevation. This projected rise in sea level and severe storms is likely to i ...
Climate in the 21st century - four scenarios for
... Dealing with uncertainty Climate models differ considerably in their calculation of global temperature rise. This is caused by uncertainty regarding future emissions of greenhouse gasses and aerosols, which, in turn, depend on such factors as future population growth, and economic, social and techn ...
... Dealing with uncertainty Climate models differ considerably in their calculation of global temperature rise. This is caused by uncertainty regarding future emissions of greenhouse gasses and aerosols, which, in turn, depend on such factors as future population growth, and economic, social and techn ...
Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature
... socio-economic changes. On short lead times (10–15 yr) internal variability represents a large fraction of the total uncertainty, with the uncertainties in model response becoming more dominant as the anthropogenic signal increases through the 21st century. By the end of the century, differences in ...
... socio-economic changes. On short lead times (10–15 yr) internal variability represents a large fraction of the total uncertainty, with the uncertainties in model response becoming more dominant as the anthropogenic signal increases through the 21st century. By the end of the century, differences in ...
here - Displacement Solutions
... properties is happening in Maldives because of a rise in the sea level and natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, etc; (c) Loss of livelihood: in Maldives, the economy is concentrated in two sectors — tourism and fishing — both of which are affected by extreme weather and sea events. Tourism an ...
... properties is happening in Maldives because of a rise in the sea level and natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, etc; (c) Loss of livelihood: in Maldives, the economy is concentrated in two sectors — tourism and fishing — both of which are affected by extreme weather and sea events. Tourism an ...
NATIONAL PARKS|Fall 2009
... COPENHAGEN. 03-Dec-2009 ................................................................................ 21 FINANCING CLIMATE CHANGE: The OECD is ready to assist G20 countries in their efforts to find lasting solutions to finance action on climate change, building on the long-standing work of the or ...
... COPENHAGEN. 03-Dec-2009 ................................................................................ 21 FINANCING CLIMATE CHANGE: The OECD is ready to assist G20 countries in their efforts to find lasting solutions to finance action on climate change, building on the long-standing work of the or ...
Perceptions of Obvious and Disruptive Climate Change: Community
... climate change risks [41], is an emerging field that begins with assessment of risk. Mercer et al. [6] develop a four-step process “for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge” for risk reduction—community engagement, identification of vulnerabilities, identifying indigenous and scientific s ...
... climate change risks [41], is an emerging field that begins with assessment of risk. Mercer et al. [6] develop a four-step process “for integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge” for risk reduction—community engagement, identification of vulnerabilities, identifying indigenous and scientific s ...
- Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan, Inc.
... Michigan Tribes are currently experiencing the impacts of climate change: warmer average annual air and surface water temperatures, more volatile weather characterized by extreme precipitation events, decreases in duration and extremity of winter temperatures, and increases in duration of summer tem ...
... Michigan Tribes are currently experiencing the impacts of climate change: warmer average annual air and surface water temperatures, more volatile weather characterized by extreme precipitation events, decreases in duration and extremity of winter temperatures, and increases in duration of summer tem ...
Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse
... gases (GHGs)—carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—and that these gases pose a threat to public health and welfare. The EPA's cause or contribute finding states that the combined emissions of four of ...
... gases (GHGs)—carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—and that these gases pose a threat to public health and welfare. The EPA's cause or contribute finding states that the combined emissions of four of ...
Recent Developments in Australian Climate Change Litigation
... Centre at Sydney’s University of Technology, pointed out, “[t] he greenhouse pollution produced by these [coal fired] power stations is equivalent to the annual emissions from about forty million cars, four times Australia’s actual car fleet.”8 But today, the business as usual mentality and relative ...
... Centre at Sydney’s University of Technology, pointed out, “[t] he greenhouse pollution produced by these [coal fired] power stations is equivalent to the annual emissions from about forty million cars, four times Australia’s actual car fleet.”8 But today, the business as usual mentality and relative ...
Working Paper 202 - Heal and Millner (opens in new window)
... (GHG) concentrations affect climate variables over time – and socio-economic uncertainty – what will the consequences of these changes be for society? We discuss these sources of uncertainty in detail in Heal & Millner (2014), and summarize the main points below. The uncertainty in scientific predic ...
... (GHG) concentrations affect climate variables over time – and socio-economic uncertainty – what will the consequences of these changes be for society? We discuss these sources of uncertainty in detail in Heal & Millner (2014), and summarize the main points below. The uncertainty in scientific predic ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... and be fully exposed to the air.(18) But nobody knew the actual turnover rate, and it seemed that the oceans would have time to handle any extra gases. According to a well-known estimate published in 1924, even without ocean absorption it would take 500 years for fuel combustion to double the amount ...
... and be fully exposed to the air.(18) But nobody knew the actual turnover rate, and it seemed that the oceans would have time to handle any extra gases. According to a well-known estimate published in 1924, even without ocean absorption it would take 500 years for fuel combustion to double the amount ...
IP035: Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment 2016 Update
... 6. Estimating how much decay of the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute to sea level rise in the future is a very active area of research. A key unknown is the dependence of sliding on basal friction. Ritz et al. (2015) doubted the previous estimates of maximal loss of up to 1 m by 2100 and around 1 ...
... 6. Estimating how much decay of the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute to sea level rise in the future is a very active area of research. A key unknown is the dependence of sliding on basal friction. Ritz et al. (2015) doubted the previous estimates of maximal loss of up to 1 m by 2100 and around 1 ...
Simulated and Observed Preindustrial to Modern
... interval was insufficient to significantly enhance photosynthesis. Fung instead proposed that increasing temperatures might have accelerated snowmelt and lengthened the growing season, thereby enhancing photosynthesis, while the melting of permafrost might have released trapped nutrients. Lucht et a ...
... interval was insufficient to significantly enhance photosynthesis. Fung instead proposed that increasing temperatures might have accelerated snowmelt and lengthened the growing season, thereby enhancing photosynthesis, while the melting of permafrost might have released trapped nutrients. Lucht et a ...
Arctic greening can cause earlier seasonality of Arctic amplification
... surface albedo [Levis et al., 2000; Chapin et al., 2005; Bonan, 2008]. Transpiration of water vapor and feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice also contribute to amplifying high-latitude warming [Swann et al., 2010, hereafter ALS10; Loranty et al., 2011]. These studies confined their analysis to the an ...
... surface albedo [Levis et al., 2000; Chapin et al., 2005; Bonan, 2008]. Transpiration of water vapor and feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice also contribute to amplifying high-latitude warming [Swann et al., 2010, hereafter ALS10; Loranty et al., 2011]. These studies confined their analysis to the an ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).