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Environmental Websites
Environmental Websites

... emissions. The indicators are intended to assist those in government responsible for developing policy and measuring performance, while also helping individual Canadians understand more about the trends in their environment. (Also available through the Government of Canada website, as noted below) C ...
LNG not `the cleanest fossil fuel on the planet`
LNG not `the cleanest fossil fuel on the planet`

... nly if you had been banished from BC would you have propane, pentane, etc) other than methane are removed—the missed the claim by the BC Government, repeated over CO2 is vented and the others flared off. and over in the past three years, that Liquefied Natural From there, the gas is sent via pipelin ...
PDF
PDF

... information obtained on technological attributes‟ responses to climate-change variables. Secondly, its advantage over hedonic evaluations stems from its reliance on land-use data rather than on profit records. Unlike land-use data, which are readily available from official acreage reports, reliable ...
Report
Report

... changed on average, but also that there have been changes at the extremes—such as an increase in the frequency of extremely hot days and heavy precipitation events worldwide.2 We also understand, with a high degree of confidence, why some of these changes in extremes are occurring. We know, for exam ...
Global Warming and Extreme Weather
Global Warming and Extreme Weather

... changed on average, but also that there have been changes at the extremes—such as an increase in the frequency of extremely hot days and heavy precipitation events worldwide.2 We also understand, with a high degree of confidence, why some of these changes in extremes are occurring. We know, for exam ...
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and

... Fig. 2 Sensitivity of the distance-based velocity to the threshold value used to define a climate match (a). If the requested precision for a climate match becomes very high, geographic distances to a match increase rapidly, and the resulting velocity maps become noisy. For the multivariate implemen ...
LCCARL267_en.pdf
LCCARL267_en.pdf

... be set as to what is important and what is not important in the construction because the computational feasibility is crucial and cannot be the result of coupling together different systems and versions of different models because running the model would not be feasible with current computers. For t ...
March 4, 2016 Dear Host/Moderator of the Democratic
March 4, 2016 Dear Host/Moderator of the Democratic

_ 2
_ 2

... et al 2003:112]. To this list one could add hydroflurocarbons as well as carbon tetrachloride [Miller 2004:282]. These different gasses are all produced by human practices such as energy production, consumption, industrial and agricultural as well as ecological processes ...
litreview12forword_wm_review_9feb2012
litreview12forword_wm_review_9feb2012

... climate modelling community when producing climate projections. There are additional uncertainties when relating the future emissions to the future concentrations in the Earth’s atmosphere. “Global atmosphere concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have increased markedly as ...
Climate Press
Climate Press

... therefore theoretically possible that there are important unknown processes that are neglected in all models. This is unlikely, though, because the existing models, in that they include the known processes, reflect the observed reality correctly – at least along general lines – as far as this is ver ...
Bringing in Irrigation
Bringing in Irrigation

... • Bring in more economics: even if irrigation is effective, under what conditions would it be feasible/viable to use – One approach would be to take multiple corn price realizations for future and see if its profitable for farmers to use surface, ground water to irrigate – Cost of irrigation, infras ...
Computational data sciences may offer a path
Computational data sciences may offer a path

... Figure 1: Uncertainty quantification for climate extremes, which in turn are broadly construed in this context, represents one of the largest knowledge gaps in terms of translating the physical science basis of climate to information ...
Decision X/33 Biodiversity and climate change
Decision X/33 Biodiversity and climate change

... ecosystem management measures that make best use of related climate change mitigation opportunities, and make this information openly available, such as to assist with integrated land-use planning; ...
PDF
PDF

... shadow values of land would increase substantially. Introduction Increased concern for the environment in the past decade has resulted in a greater awareness of mankind's interrelationships with the environment. On one front, it has become quite widely accepted that "human activities have the potent ...
Costing Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Estimates and Approaches
Costing Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Estimates and Approaches

Managing Water Resources in the Face of
Managing Water Resources in the Face of

... occurring and, if it is, to establish its cause. Global observational data compiled to date indicate human-induced climate changes are occurring. Since 1860, mean global air temperature has increased by approximately 0.60 C (+/- 0.20 C). In the Northern Hemisphere, average temperatures during the 20 ...
PDF
PDF

... 400 mm to about 1000 mm, with an average of 733 mm (ibid). Climate change projections by Bergant (2006) indicate that the average temperature will increase by 1oC and 1.9oC by 2025 and 2050, respectively. In addition, due to temperature increases, the mean precipitation for corresponding periods is ...
Impact of Climate Change on Wetland Functions
Impact of Climate Change on Wetland Functions

... wetland and water birds. As a result, it was analyzed that there was a change in the area of wetlands due to temperature rise and increase in the amount of precipitation, and the changes in the area of wetland had showed changes in the number of individuals of water birds. Erwin (2009) explained tha ...
Living in an Uncertain World
Living in an Uncertain World

... respect to the response of social and biological systems to multiple stressors – strongly argues for mitigation rather than adaptation (reinforcing and adding to other arguments, i.e. ethical ones). 2. To limit global warming to 2C – in fact, to keep global warming below 5C – we must cut emissions m ...
Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle
Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle

... fixed CO2 of 290 ppmv to derive the equilibrium vegetation state consistent with the model’s preindustrial climate (Cox et al., 2001). Once the long-term net land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes were close to zero the atmospheric CO2 was let free to respond to variability in the model’ ...
Indicator and data needs - Eionet Forum
Indicator and data needs - Eionet Forum

... Indicators on past impacts (on economy, human health, ecosystems) of natural hazards, including floods and droughts are included in an EEA report on natural hazards (2011) (16). The report used primarily data from EM-DAT/CRED (17) and Munich Re (18). In a workshop held in May 2011 and in a related p ...
Not a Problem, Someone Else`s Problem, My Problem or Our
Not a Problem, Someone Else`s Problem, My Problem or Our

... 4. People’s emotional responses to climate change are important predictors of their willingness to mitigate – both personally and through policy support. “Fear appeals” can trigger people to disengage, especially when impacts seem remote and outside of personal control. In contrast, people appear t ...
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change
An Introduction to the Science of Climate Change

... Climate change is a challenging phenomenon to research and conclusions are particularly difficult to form, especially as the geographical scale of study increases. However, research on climate change and the ability to predict future changes in climate is continually improving. These improvements ar ...
Issues relating to GHG, Sectors and Source Categories in IPCC
Issues relating to GHG, Sectors and Source Categories in IPCC

...  • CO2 and N2O emissions from managed wetlands (with a basis for methodological development for CH4 emissions from flooded land in an Appendix 3);  • CH4 emission from livestock (enteric fermentation);  • CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management systems; and  • C stock change associated with ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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