Are the Costs of Climate Change Mitigation Policies
... be significantly affected through changes in market wages when there is a significant shock to agricultural productivity and/or prices. The impact of climate change varies across countries, and there exists a potential for less affected countries to benefit by exporting agricultural products to coun ...
... be significantly affected through changes in market wages when there is a significant shock to agricultural productivity and/or prices. The impact of climate change varies across countries, and there exists a potential for less affected countries to benefit by exporting agricultural products to coun ...
IP035: Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment 2016 Update
... 6. Estimating how much decay of the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute to sea level rise in the future is a very active area of research. A key unknown is the dependence of sliding on basal friction. Ritz et al. (2015) doubted the previous estimates of maximal loss of up to 1 m by 2100 and around 1 ...
... 6. Estimating how much decay of the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute to sea level rise in the future is a very active area of research. A key unknown is the dependence of sliding on basal friction. Ritz et al. (2015) doubted the previous estimates of maximal loss of up to 1 m by 2100 and around 1 ...
Arctic greening can cause earlier seasonality of Arctic amplification
... surface albedo [Levis et al., 2000; Chapin et al., 2005; Bonan, 2008]. Transpiration of water vapor and feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice also contribute to amplifying high-latitude warming [Swann et al., 2010, hereafter ALS10; Loranty et al., 2011]. These studies confined their analysis to the an ...
... surface albedo [Levis et al., 2000; Chapin et al., 2005; Bonan, 2008]. Transpiration of water vapor and feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice also contribute to amplifying high-latitude warming [Swann et al., 2010, hereafter ALS10; Loranty et al., 2011]. These studies confined their analysis to the an ...
Assessing the effects of climate and volcanism on diatom and
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
... First, we reconstruct fossil diatom and chironomid assemblages spanning the last several centuries of environmental change. In the Andes, diatom assemblages have been shown to respond sensitively to recent climatic change (Michelutti et al., 2015a, 2015b), but far less research has been done on the ...
Loss & Damage
... …to enhanced understanding. 2011 - At SBI 34 the work programme is differentiated into three thematic areas: (1) Assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change and current knowledge of the same (2) A range of approaches to addressing loss and damage at a ...
... …to enhanced understanding. 2011 - At SBI 34 the work programme is differentiated into three thematic areas: (1) Assessing the risk of loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change and current knowledge of the same (2) A range of approaches to addressing loss and damage at a ...
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... composition. In the top- and bottom-most samples less than 20 head capsules were recovered and they were combined with adjoining intervals to achieve appropriate count sizes. The dry sediment weight used in head capsule isolation ranged from 0.2-2.0 g, reflecting the variable head capsule concentrat ...
... composition. In the top- and bottom-most samples less than 20 head capsules were recovered and they were combined with adjoining intervals to achieve appropriate count sizes. The dry sediment weight used in head capsule isolation ranged from 0.2-2.0 g, reflecting the variable head capsule concentrat ...
A recurring anarchy? The emergence of climate change as a threat
... knowledge of the role of oceans, airborne particulates and other influences on atmospheric conditions was considerably poorer than it is today (though we still have a long way to go to improve our understanding of such things). It is therefore not surprising that climate change and its impacts ranke ...
... knowledge of the role of oceans, airborne particulates and other influences on atmospheric conditions was considerably poorer than it is today (though we still have a long way to go to improve our understanding of such things). It is therefore not surprising that climate change and its impacts ranke ...
Financing adaptation
... costs of activities that provide benefits to the global environment. All other costs that confer benefits locally/nationally are considered to be baseline and must be covered from other sources. The concept of incremental costs is challenging and the costs are often difficult to estimate with the fu ...
... costs of activities that provide benefits to the global environment. All other costs that confer benefits locally/nationally are considered to be baseline and must be covered from other sources. The concept of incremental costs is challenging and the costs are often difficult to estimate with the fu ...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND EQUITY IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE AND
... Climate change is an issue of great importance for human rights, public health, and social equity because of its disproportionate impact on vulnerable and socially marginalized populations. Global climate change will affect diverse industrial and agricultural sectors, as well as transportation, heal ...
... Climate change is an issue of great importance for human rights, public health, and social equity because of its disproportionate impact on vulnerable and socially marginalized populations. Global climate change will affect diverse industrial and agricultural sectors, as well as transportation, heal ...
What range of future scenarios should climate change policy be based on? -Modal falsificationism and its limitations
... [Our] results demonstrate the wide range of behavior possible within a GCM and show that high sensitivities cannot yet be neglected as they were in the headline uncertainty ranges of the IPCC Third Assessment Report (for example, the 1.4-5.8 K range for 1990 to 2100 warming). These results, the auth ...
... [Our] results demonstrate the wide range of behavior possible within a GCM and show that high sensitivities cannot yet be neglected as they were in the headline uncertainty ranges of the IPCC Third Assessment Report (for example, the 1.4-5.8 K range for 1990 to 2100 warming). These results, the auth ...
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... on tourism is still limited, and they call for further research. Some basic recommendations for adaptation in tourism have, however, been developed (“no-regret-options”). Furthermore, action links with other areas are emphasised, including mobility, heating systems, thermal renovation, air condition ...
... on tourism is still limited, and they call for further research. Some basic recommendations for adaptation in tourism have, however, been developed (“no-regret-options”). Furthermore, action links with other areas are emphasised, including mobility, heating systems, thermal renovation, air condition ...
Outcome - WWW-Docs for TU
... • Ulrike Schinkel (University of Technology, Cottbus) • Andreas Gravert (University of Technology, Cottbus) • Ralf Kersten (University of Technology, Cottbus) ...
... • Ulrike Schinkel (University of Technology, Cottbus) • Andreas Gravert (University of Technology, Cottbus) • Ralf Kersten (University of Technology, Cottbus) ...
presentation
... Vulnerability Scenarios and Development Pathways: Advancing Key Components for Comprehensive Climate Change Risk and Adaptation Science Matthias Garschagen & Joern Birkmann • To date strong focus on bio-geo-physical scenarios for climate change hazards • However scenarios for societal development, ...
... Vulnerability Scenarios and Development Pathways: Advancing Key Components for Comprehensive Climate Change Risk and Adaptation Science Matthias Garschagen & Joern Birkmann • To date strong focus on bio-geo-physical scenarios for climate change hazards • However scenarios for societal development, ...
Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World
... and creative destruction leading to innovation and productivity jumps in a wide array of sectors. It is impossible to quantitatively predict how large these effects will be but taking them into account could lead to higher benefit-cost ratios for good climate policies. The design of good policies wi ...
... and creative destruction leading to innovation and productivity jumps in a wide array of sectors. It is impossible to quantitatively predict how large these effects will be but taking them into account could lead to higher benefit-cost ratios for good climate policies. The design of good policies wi ...
Correcting the carbon cycle representation: How
... is a pressing need to find out more about the relationship between anthropogenic emissions of the main greenhouse gas, CO2 , and the resulting atmospheric concentration”; in particular, since “errors in predicting the carbon budget could come at high economic costs”. However, from an economist’s poi ...
... is a pressing need to find out more about the relationship between anthropogenic emissions of the main greenhouse gas, CO2 , and the resulting atmospheric concentration”; in particular, since “errors in predicting the carbon budget could come at high economic costs”. However, from an economist’s poi ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... “An interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines so that all relevant aspects of a complex societal issue can be evaluated and considered for the benefit of decision-making.” For the Mediterranean case studies, integration in th ...
... “An interdisciplinary process of combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines so that all relevant aspects of a complex societal issue can be evaluated and considered for the benefit of decision-making.” For the Mediterranean case studies, integration in th ...
Earth System interactions
... assessments of a wider range of environmental impacts of climate change. Representing processes with higher resolution will also reduce important uncertainties in climate change projections. To achieve this necessary progress on both complexity and resolution, we propose a strengthened collaboration ...
... assessments of a wider range of environmental impacts of climate change. Representing processes with higher resolution will also reduce important uncertainties in climate change projections. To achieve this necessary progress on both complexity and resolution, we propose a strengthened collaboration ...
Nature template
... The ability of each taxonomic group to cope with temperature increase (and hence, the potential mismatch between groups) should also depend on the biogeographic, socioeconomic and conservation context. When calculated at the country-level, we found that the temporal trend in CTI was positive and hig ...
... The ability of each taxonomic group to cope with temperature increase (and hence, the potential mismatch between groups) should also depend on the biogeographic, socioeconomic and conservation context. When calculated at the country-level, we found that the temporal trend in CTI was positive and hig ...
Climate Change and Forest Disturbances
... Virginia H. Dale (e-mail: [email protected]) is a senior scientist and Paul J. Hanson is a research scientist in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038. Linda A. Joyce is a project leader with the USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Steve M ...
... Virginia H. Dale (e-mail: [email protected]) is a senior scientist and Paul J. Hanson is a research scientist in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038. Linda A. Joyce is a project leader with the USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Steve M ...
Cross-pressuring conservative Catholics? Effects of Pope Francis
... 66.3 %), Bnot occurring^ (coded as 1; 7.9 %), or Bmost scientists are unsure whether global warming is occurring or not^ (coded as 2; 20.2 %). The three items were standardized and averaged to form an index to measure individuals’ overall acknowledge of and concerns with climate change (Cronbach’s a ...
... 66.3 %), Bnot occurring^ (coded as 1; 7.9 %), or Bmost scientists are unsure whether global warming is occurring or not^ (coded as 2; 20.2 %). The three items were standardized and averaged to form an index to measure individuals’ overall acknowledge of and concerns with climate change (Cronbach’s a ...
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence
... There was disagreement about concepts like signal and noise. According to Benestad the term “signal” refers to manmade climate change. “Noise” usually means everything else, and LTP is ‘noise in slow motion’ (Table 9). Koutsoyiannis argued that the “signal” vs. “noise” dichotomy is subjective and th ...
... There was disagreement about concepts like signal and noise. According to Benestad the term “signal” refers to manmade climate change. “Noise” usually means everything else, and LTP is ‘noise in slow motion’ (Table 9). Koutsoyiannis argued that the “signal” vs. “noise” dichotomy is subjective and th ...
Adaptation policy and practice in densely populated glacier
... flooding as the principal hazard in these river basins (52 %), which is likely to get exacerbated in the light of climate change. This includes studies with a direct reference to floods (Chowdhury and Ward 2007; Osti and Egashira 2009; Atta-ur and Khan 2011; Barua and van Ast 2011; Dahal and Hagelma ...
... flooding as the principal hazard in these river basins (52 %), which is likely to get exacerbated in the light of climate change. This includes studies with a direct reference to floods (Chowdhury and Ward 2007; Osti and Egashira 2009; Atta-ur and Khan 2011; Barua and van Ast 2011; Dahal and Hagelma ...
Natural Processes in Mitigation of CO2 and CH4 Emission
... may simultaneously hamper sustainable development of individual societies (Pawlowski 2009, 2013, Udo and Pawlowski 2010, Liu 2015, Savić et al. 2016, Shindell et al. 2012). While analyzing IPCC Reports, attention should be paid to the main CO2 fluxes in Earth’s ecosystems. The greenhouse effect is i ...
... may simultaneously hamper sustainable development of individual societies (Pawlowski 2009, 2013, Udo and Pawlowski 2010, Liu 2015, Savić et al. 2016, Shindell et al. 2012). While analyzing IPCC Reports, attention should be paid to the main CO2 fluxes in Earth’s ecosystems. The greenhouse effect is i ...
population dynamics and climate change - 12
... variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to change in climate over time whether due to natural or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it ...
... variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to change in climate over time whether due to natural or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).