Response to consultation on Climate Change Bill Scotland
... renewable electricity which is very much in line with SWT’s Policy on Energy (Appendix 1). The Bill should place a requirement on Scottish Ministers to produce and regularly report on an Emissions Reduction Implementation Plan (ERIP). Such a plan must include details of initiatives to reduce energy ...
... renewable electricity which is very much in line with SWT’s Policy on Energy (Appendix 1). The Bill should place a requirement on Scottish Ministers to produce and regularly report on an Emissions Reduction Implementation Plan (ERIP). Such a plan must include details of initiatives to reduce energy ...
Exponential growth
... but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse g ...
... but what does it mean? Global warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the greenhouse effect, which can cause changes in climate. However, the term “global warming” is being used now to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse g ...
population dynamics and climate change - 12
... variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to change in climate over time whether due to natural or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it ...
... variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to change in climate over time whether due to natural or as a result of human activity” (IPCC, 2007). However the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines it ...
Natural Processes in Mitigation of CO2 and CH4 Emission
... may simultaneously hamper sustainable development of individual societies (Pawlowski 2009, 2013, Udo and Pawlowski 2010, Liu 2015, Savić et al. 2016, Shindell et al. 2012). While analyzing IPCC Reports, attention should be paid to the main CO2 fluxes in Earth’s ecosystems. The greenhouse effect is i ...
... may simultaneously hamper sustainable development of individual societies (Pawlowski 2009, 2013, Udo and Pawlowski 2010, Liu 2015, Savić et al. 2016, Shindell et al. 2012). While analyzing IPCC Reports, attention should be paid to the main CO2 fluxes in Earth’s ecosystems. The greenhouse effect is i ...
PDF
... carbon dioxide since carbon dioxide levels are generally the same across the world. Changes in carbon dioxide levels have occurred over recent decades. In principle, one might be able to detect the effect of these increases in CO2 by looking at productivity over time. However, it is difficult to dis ...
... carbon dioxide since carbon dioxide levels are generally the same across the world. Changes in carbon dioxide levels have occurred over recent decades. In principle, one might be able to detect the effect of these increases in CO2 by looking at productivity over time. However, it is difficult to dis ...
Carbon Dynamics in the Future Forest: the Importance
... earlier, and extend wildfire seasons. This climate variability has been the predominant cause of recent increases in fire activity in the west, despite the rise in fuel accumulation (Littell et al., 2009). Relative to the total period of fire suppression, the total area burned in US. National Forest ...
... earlier, and extend wildfire seasons. This climate variability has been the predominant cause of recent increases in fire activity in the west, despite the rise in fuel accumulation (Littell et al., 2009). Relative to the total period of fire suppression, the total area burned in US. National Forest ...
ENSEMBLES_DoW_vn.4_RT5_and_RT6_overview
... observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded format. To be accurate, these grids need to be based on a dense network of station observations. Altho ...
... observational data with a time and space resolution high enough to capture extreme weather events. To be effective, the observational data need to have daily resolution, and be available in gridded format. To be accurate, these grids need to be based on a dense network of station observations. Altho ...
Breaking down the tropospheric circulation response by forcing
... shifts, as a given radiative forcing may cause a circulation shift via one set of mechanisms, while the SST response to that forcing may alter the general circulation via some other mechanisms. Thus the circulation change produced when both the radiative forcings and SST responses are included will ...
... shifts, as a given radiative forcing may cause a circulation shift via one set of mechanisms, while the SST response to that forcing may alter the general circulation via some other mechanisms. Thus the circulation change produced when both the radiative forcings and SST responses are included will ...
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in water hazard assessments using regional
... statistical model were developed from real world observations, there is an assumption that the same relationship will hold for the dynamically predicted numerical model results. ...
... statistical model were developed from real world observations, there is an assumption that the same relationship will hold for the dynamically predicted numerical model results. ...
New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law
... Today there are (too) many crises that warrant serious attention and action. Of course, many of them are also interrelated. For example there is a clear relationship between income inequality and public health6 or between racism and environmental degradation.7 However, at this historical moment, I c ...
... Today there are (too) many crises that warrant serious attention and action. Of course, many of them are also interrelated. For example there is a clear relationship between income inequality and public health6 or between racism and environmental degradation.7 However, at this historical moment, I c ...
Climate warming impact on degree
... While the mean global temperature increased by 0.6 K in the 20th century, the temperature rise in Switzerland was much higher: 1.3 K in Eastern and Central Switzerland, 1.6 K in Western Switzerland and 1.0 K south of the Alps. The temperature rise accelerated in the last three decades of the 20th ce ...
... While the mean global temperature increased by 0.6 K in the 20th century, the temperature rise in Switzerland was much higher: 1.3 K in Eastern and Central Switzerland, 1.6 K in Western Switzerland and 1.0 K south of the Alps. The temperature rise accelerated in the last three decades of the 20th ce ...
Center for Global Environmental Research
... nm integrated in the lower to middle stratosphere compiled by Sato et al. (1986) and updated by Hansen et al. (2002) ..............................................................................................12 Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: ...
... nm integrated in the lower to middle stratosphere compiled by Sato et al. (1986) and updated by Hansen et al. (2002) ..............................................................................................12 Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: ...
PDF
... adapt to changes in these resources and services. In other words, the more people are dependent on climate sensitive forms of natural capital, and the less they rely on economic or social forms of capital, the more at risk they are from climate change. Yet environmental change does not undermine hum ...
... adapt to changes in these resources and services. In other words, the more people are dependent on climate sensitive forms of natural capital, and the less they rely on economic or social forms of capital, the more at risk they are from climate change. Yet environmental change does not undermine hum ...
Mathematics of Climate Change - Library
... What actions is Washington taking to reduce global warming? At present, the U.S. government is trailing both public opinion in the U.S. and many other world governments in addressing the climate-change problem. Nevertheless, there are some grounds for optimism. At the United Nations Climate Change C ...
... What actions is Washington taking to reduce global warming? At present, the U.S. government is trailing both public opinion in the U.S. and many other world governments in addressing the climate-change problem. Nevertheless, there are some grounds for optimism. At the United Nations Climate Change C ...
The Philippine Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative for Agricultur
... Base on ADB’s and IFPRI (2009) studies on “Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Wit ...
... Base on ADB’s and IFPRI (2009) studies on “Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia” the benefits from avoided damage in agriculture and the coastal zones of Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines could reach 1.9% of GDP by 2100, as compared to the adaptation cost of 0.2% of GDP. Wit ...
Modelling the Effect of Climate Change on Environmental Pollution
... Dominic Moran3, Bert Tolkamp3 and David Chadwick2 ...
... Dominic Moran3, Bert Tolkamp3 and David Chadwick2 ...
Major Climate Feedback Processes Water Vapor Feedback Snow
... amount of water vapor an air parcel can carry. The saturated mixing ratio is a function of air temperature: the warmer the temperature the larger the saturated mixing ration. a warmer atmosphere can carry more water vapor stronger greenhouse effect amplify the initial warming one of the mo ...
... amount of water vapor an air parcel can carry. The saturated mixing ratio is a function of air temperature: the warmer the temperature the larger the saturated mixing ration. a warmer atmosphere can carry more water vapor stronger greenhouse effect amplify the initial warming one of the mo ...
Fiscal Policy to Mitigate Climate Change A Guide for Policymakers
... global emissions. Land-use changes (primarily deforestation) will contribute about an additional 5.5 billion tons of CO2 releases, though these sources are projected to grow at a much slower pace than fossil fuel emissions. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from preindustrial levels of a ...
... global emissions. Land-use changes (primarily deforestation) will contribute about an additional 5.5 billion tons of CO2 releases, though these sources are projected to grow at a much slower pace than fossil fuel emissions. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from preindustrial levels of a ...
Good practice for the usage of climate model simulation results
... radiative forcing due to GHG emissions as they occurred during that time. Comparing Reanalyses and 20C data is necessary to assess the climate models’ offset (bias) with respect to what actually occurred (Christensen et al., 2008). When a cascade (cf. Section Model cascades) of GCM→RCM is used, addit ...
... radiative forcing due to GHG emissions as they occurred during that time. Comparing Reanalyses and 20C data is necessary to assess the climate models’ offset (bias) with respect to what actually occurred (Christensen et al., 2008). When a cascade (cf. Section Model cascades) of GCM→RCM is used, addit ...
Will environmental changes reinforce the forest border of central North America?
... is consistent with observations in the region during the late 20th century, which show increases in temperature twice that of the global mean temperature rise and greater temporal variability in precipitation, leading to more droughts, shorter winters, and longer growing seasons (M Seeley pers comm) ...
... is consistent with observations in the region during the late 20th century, which show increases in temperature twice that of the global mean temperature rise and greater temporal variability in precipitation, leading to more droughts, shorter winters, and longer growing seasons (M Seeley pers comm) ...
Climate change, the Food Energy Water Nexus
... require additional water to grow the plant feedstock and take arable land away from food produ ...
... require additional water to grow the plant feedstock and take arable land away from food produ ...
High Mountain Glacial Watershed Program Newsletter #3 Fall 2012
... Kate Voss (KV): Why did you select Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador as your research site? Jeff La Frenierre (JLF): The TLS project at Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador is an extension of the dissertation research I am doing to examine the impact of glacier retreat on water supply and the resulting potential for ...
... Kate Voss (KV): Why did you select Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador as your research site? Jeff La Frenierre (JLF): The TLS project at Volcán Chimborazo, Ecuador is an extension of the dissertation research I am doing to examine the impact of glacier retreat on water supply and the resulting potential for ...
The Strategy of Chinese Insurance Industry to Address Global Climate Change
... issued a "weather conditions in 2009," the report noted that over the past 30 years, average global surface and lower troposphere temperatures significantly higher than in previous decades, from 2000 to 2009 is the warmest since instrumental records 10 years. Warming in the Northern Hemisphere, espe ...
... issued a "weather conditions in 2009," the report noted that over the past 30 years, average global surface and lower troposphere temperatures significantly higher than in previous decades, from 2000 to 2009 is the warmest since instrumental records 10 years. Warming in the Northern Hemisphere, espe ...
PDF
... forward. A polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the development of methods for assessing the benefits and costs of particular strategies adopted in one type of ecosystem and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems. Bu ...
... forward. A polycentric approach has the main advantage of encouraging experimental efforts at multiple levels, leading to the development of methods for assessing the benefits and costs of particular strategies adopted in one type of ecosystem and compared to results obtained in other ecosystems. Bu ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).