Projected changes in temperature and heating degree
... Australian average temperature increased by 0.89ºC (0.09ºC per decade) from 1910 to 2005. From 1950 to 2005, an accelerated increase in temperature has been observed in Australia. Australia’s average temperature increased by 0.95ºC (0.17ºC per decade), while the minimum increased by 1.04ºC (0.18ºC p ...
... Australian average temperature increased by 0.89ºC (0.09ºC per decade) from 1910 to 2005. From 1950 to 2005, an accelerated increase in temperature has been observed in Australia. Australia’s average temperature increased by 0.95ºC (0.17ºC per decade), while the minimum increased by 1.04ºC (0.18ºC p ...
Likely ecological impacts of global warming and climate change on
... changes are expected in a large range of climate variables including patterns of rainfall and drought, ice volume, ocean temperature, chemistry and sea level. Evidence of rapid changes in these variables is now overwhelming. The role of humans in these changes is equally undeniable scientifically. A ...
... changes are expected in a large range of climate variables including patterns of rainfall and drought, ice volume, ocean temperature, chemistry and sea level. Evidence of rapid changes in these variables is now overwhelming. The role of humans in these changes is equally undeniable scientifically. A ...
China in the International Politics of Climate Change
... in the North are responsible for the decidedly largest part of the GHG emissions that have caused the problems we are facing today – whether these emissions are measured in the current or cumulatively, as energyrelated CO2 emissions or several GHG-emissions taken together (Fermann 1997a: 184-7).7 Th ...
... in the North are responsible for the decidedly largest part of the GHG emissions that have caused the problems we are facing today – whether these emissions are measured in the current or cumulatively, as energyrelated CO2 emissions or several GHG-emissions taken together (Fermann 1997a: 184-7).7 Th ...
national adaptation strategy and plan of action on climate change for
... benefits, particularly among women and men; and it will check the effort to promote sustainable livelihoods. In addition, climate change will likely lead to other changes such as ecosystem degradation and reduced availability of water and food. It is therefore likely to become a major driver of incr ...
... benefits, particularly among women and men; and it will check the effort to promote sustainable livelihoods. In addition, climate change will likely lead to other changes such as ecosystem degradation and reduced availability of water and food. It is therefore likely to become a major driver of incr ...
Climate Change Adaptation in Coffee Production
... may grow much quicker when a certain threshold (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be man ...
... may grow much quicker when a certain threshold (often unknown or difficult to measure) is crossed. The rate of global warming is uneven due to the effect of the oceans, which absorb about 92% of the sun’s energy and then move it around through horizontal and vertical currents. There may still be man ...
Vulnerability and Feedbacks of Permafrost to Climate Change
... Feedbacks to Carbon Pools and Climate Surface thawing of permafrost, as well as deep degradation after disturbances, is affecting organic carbon pools in permafrost. When the organic matter stored in permafrost-affected soils and deeper permafrost deposits is taken into account, the estimated 1466 ...
... Feedbacks to Carbon Pools and Climate Surface thawing of permafrost, as well as deep degradation after disturbances, is affecting organic carbon pools in permafrost. When the organic matter stored in permafrost-affected soils and deeper permafrost deposits is taken into account, the estimated 1466 ...
gReat plaiNs RegioNal teChNiCal iNput RepoRt
... Multiple climatic and non-climatic stressors, of which climate change is one among many, put multiple sectors, livelihoods and communities at risk. The most vulnerable in the region are agriculture, water, ecosystems and rural and tribal communities. The Great Plains climate is warming, and as of 20 ...
... Multiple climatic and non-climatic stressors, of which climate change is one among many, put multiple sectors, livelihoods and communities at risk. The most vulnerable in the region are agriculture, water, ecosystems and rural and tribal communities. The Great Plains climate is warming, and as of 20 ...
Carbon cycle implications of terrestrial weathering changes since
... CO2 pressure, as a possible explanation for the general decreasing trend of atmospheric CO2 levels on geological timescales. Although atmospheric CO2 concentration is often used as a broad proxy for environmental and(or) climate change, sometimes the direct effects of temperature and river runoff we ...
... CO2 pressure, as a possible explanation for the general decreasing trend of atmospheric CO2 levels on geological timescales. Although atmospheric CO2 concentration is often used as a broad proxy for environmental and(or) climate change, sometimes the direct effects of temperature and river runoff we ...
Adaptive Capacity Benchmarking: Handbook and Tool Kit
... 1.1 Overview Climate change presents society with massive challenges, which go far beyond business as usual. As weather patterns change in ways that are both predictable and unpredictable, altering sea and river levels and the water cycle more generally, there will be impacts on communities, on asse ...
... 1.1 Overview Climate change presents society with massive challenges, which go far beyond business as usual. As weather patterns change in ways that are both predictable and unpredictable, altering sea and river levels and the water cycle more generally, there will be impacts on communities, on asse ...
Conceptualizing urban adaptation to climate change. Findings from
... greenhouse gas emissions and therefore to climate change. For this reason, cities have become the focus of numerous initiatives for the reduction of emissions. Furthermore, urban areas will be particularly affected by the impacts of climate change due to the concentration of population, values, and ...
... greenhouse gas emissions and therefore to climate change. For this reason, cities have become the focus of numerous initiatives for the reduction of emissions. Furthermore, urban areas will be particularly affected by the impacts of climate change due to the concentration of population, values, and ...
Monitoring and Evaluating The 100 Billion Green Climate Fund: A
... Climate change is a global concern. Parties within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have been discussing for decades ways to address the financial challenges of reducing GHG emissions (mitigation) and adapting to climate change impacts. One of the most remarkable ag ...
... Climate change is a global concern. Parties within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have been discussing for decades ways to address the financial challenges of reducing GHG emissions (mitigation) and adapting to climate change impacts. One of the most remarkable ag ...
Climate Change in the Midwest - Climate Adaptation Knowledge
... of climate projections suggest increased precipitation during winter, there is little agreement on the sign of the projected change for other times of the year. Regardless of season, intensification of high magnitude precipitation events is anticipated. • During the period 1948-1999, net basin supp ...
... of climate projections suggest increased precipitation during winter, there is little agreement on the sign of the projected change for other times of the year. Regardless of season, intensification of high magnitude precipitation events is anticipated. • During the period 1948-1999, net basin supp ...
Climate Adaptation Plan 2014
... These activities will allow Denver to reach its long-term vision to be one of the most recreational activities, and innovative and resilient cities in the face of climate change. The short, medium, and an environment conducive long-term activities are categorized by sectors throughout the Climate Ad ...
... These activities will allow Denver to reach its long-term vision to be one of the most recreational activities, and innovative and resilient cities in the face of climate change. The short, medium, and an environment conducive long-term activities are categorized by sectors throughout the Climate Ad ...
Response of spatial vegetation distribution in China to climate
... that no competing interests exist. ...
... that no competing interests exist. ...
decision 3/CP.19
... Expressing serious concern that the warming of the climate system is unequivocal and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia, as indicated by the findings contained in the contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergov ...
... Expressing serious concern that the warming of the climate system is unequivocal and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia, as indicated by the findings contained in the contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergov ...
Historical Responsibility in the UNFCCC Mathias Friman
... published at the UNFCCC website. These sources are very abundant thus it is appropriate to limit the focus of attention, in this case to official reports from meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the UNFCCC (INC); the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP); the Ad hoc Gr ...
... published at the UNFCCC website. These sources are very abundant thus it is appropriate to limit the focus of attention, in this case to official reports from meetings of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the UNFCCC (INC); the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP); the Ad hoc Gr ...
The State of Marine and Coastal Adaptation in North America: A
... Marine and coastal areas in North America already experience a multitude of climate change related impacts. These changes are beginning to affect ecological and socioeconomic aspects of marine and coastal systems. In this section, we provide a brief overview of the current and projected manifestatio ...
... Marine and coastal areas in North America already experience a multitude of climate change related impacts. These changes are beginning to affect ecological and socioeconomic aspects of marine and coastal systems. In this section, we provide a brief overview of the current and projected manifestatio ...
Migration as Societal Response to Climate Change and Land
... The West African Sahel is expected to be the most affected by the effects of climate change and climate variability such as hotter and drier climates, oscillations in rainfall patterns, droughts, land degradation and desertification. For West Africa, predictions suggest an increase of between 3 and 4 ...
... The West African Sahel is expected to be the most affected by the effects of climate change and climate variability such as hotter and drier climates, oscillations in rainfall patterns, droughts, land degradation and desertification. For West Africa, predictions suggest an increase of between 3 and 4 ...
VIEW PDF - Virginia Journal of International Law
... talks provides a real chance for all nations to ensure strong, equitable action by major greenhouse gas-emitting countries—including the United States, China, and India—which have in the past resisted obligations to mitigate their emissions. Second, the Obama administration intends to work with Cong ...
... talks provides a real chance for all nations to ensure strong, equitable action by major greenhouse gas-emitting countries—including the United States, China, and India—which have in the past resisted obligations to mitigate their emissions. Second, the Obama administration intends to work with Cong ...
Equator Principles and Climate Change Issues
... encouragement throughout my Master’s studies. Your contributions have been invaluable to my thesis that I am proud of. I sincerely express my gratitude for all efforts that you have put forth to advise me during the course of my academic development at the University of Waterloo and my research ende ...
... encouragement throughout my Master’s studies. Your contributions have been invaluable to my thesis that I am proud of. I sincerely express my gratitude for all efforts that you have put forth to advise me during the course of my academic development at the University of Waterloo and my research ende ...
A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and
... the ozone loss rates by the different chemical families in the present-day scheme. As shown in Fig. 7, the ozonedriven increase in iodine emissions since PI times has resulted in a remarkable acceleration of ozone loss in the global MBL with a strong hemispheric gradient. We calculate that since 185 ...
... the ozone loss rates by the different chemical families in the present-day scheme. As shown in Fig. 7, the ozonedriven increase in iodine emissions since PI times has resulted in a remarkable acceleration of ozone loss in the global MBL with a strong hemispheric gradient. We calculate that since 185 ...
impacts on forests from Climate Change
... days in the central and northwest regions of the state. Winters have fewer days below 0 °F (-17 °C) and the nighttime lows and daytime highs have become warmer throughout the year. Lakes freeze later in the year and thaw sooner. Phenological changes consistent with warming have also been observed, i ...
... days in the central and northwest regions of the state. Winters have fewer days below 0 °F (-17 °C) and the nighttime lows and daytime highs have become warmer throughout the year. Lakes freeze later in the year and thaw sooner. Phenological changes consistent with warming have also been observed, i ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).