Equity and Cost-Effectiveness of adaptation funding_CLEAN_woENx
... international and national level, and intergenerational justice is a topic beyond the scope of this paper. ...
... international and national level, and intergenerational justice is a topic beyond the scope of this paper. ...
Linking Adaptation Research and Practice
... change. By this we mean that it is difficult to identify which adaptations are taking place as a response to weather related (rather than risk factors) and of these, which are in response to expected future climate change. There are two clear difficulties. The first relates to the difficulty of iden ...
... change. By this we mean that it is difficult to identify which adaptations are taking place as a response to weather related (rather than risk factors) and of these, which are in response to expected future climate change. There are two clear difficulties. The first relates to the difficulty of iden ...
engineering challenges for coastal infrastructure/docks with regard
... that may result from “natural factors, such as changes in the Sun’s energy or slow changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; natural processes within the climate system (e.g., changes in ocean circulation); human activities that change the atmosphere’s makeup (e.g., burning fossil fuels) and the ...
... that may result from “natural factors, such as changes in the Sun’s energy or slow changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun; natural processes within the climate system (e.g., changes in ocean circulation); human activities that change the atmosphere’s makeup (e.g., burning fossil fuels) and the ...
South Africa`s Second National Communication under the
... Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several sectors. ...
... Health and education indices also emphasise these disparities, which are contributing factors to severe skills shortages in several sectors. ...
Lenachuru_colostate_0053A_13620 - DSpace Home
... sources of knowledge varies with age and education level. Community elders and those with less formal education rely more on traditional knowledge sources while younger and members that are more educated more often use formal sources of information. Ilchamus IK is passed from parents to children tho ...
... sources of knowledge varies with age and education level. Community elders and those with less formal education rely more on traditional knowledge sources while younger and members that are more educated more often use formal sources of information. Ilchamus IK is passed from parents to children tho ...
Climate Change Effects and Adaptation Approaches in Marine and
... Increases in CO2 and air temperature, combined with changing precipitation patterns, are already altering conditions and processes in marine and coastal ecosystems. These trends are projected to continue. The oceans are increasing in acidity. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have caused glo ...
... Increases in CO2 and air temperature, combined with changing precipitation patterns, are already altering conditions and processes in marine and coastal ecosystems. These trends are projected to continue. The oceans are increasing in acidity. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations have caused glo ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
Hydrological drought across the world: impact of climate and
... drought may largely influence tropical forests that can shift from buffering a CO2 increase into accelerating it, which can have important decadal-scale impacts on the global carbon cycle (Lewis et al., 2011). Drought differs from other hazards in several ways. It develops slowly and usually over la ...
... drought may largely influence tropical forests that can shift from buffering a CO2 increase into accelerating it, which can have important decadal-scale impacts on the global carbon cycle (Lewis et al., 2011). Drought differs from other hazards in several ways. It develops slowly and usually over la ...
Egypt`s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate
... therefore made between climate change as a part of natural climatic events, and climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) resulting from human activities and the irrational use of fossil fuel in transportati ...
... therefore made between climate change as a part of natural climatic events, and climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) resulting from human activities and the irrational use of fossil fuel in transportati ...
The Role of Local Institutions in Adaptation to Climate Change
... adaptation policies and measures adopted by institutions and decision makers at the national level, and their counterparts at the local level. Focus on territorial development strategies taking both vulnerabilities and capacities into account Interventions for improving adaptive capacity in the cont ...
... adaptation policies and measures adopted by institutions and decision makers at the national level, and their counterparts at the local level. Focus on territorial development strategies taking both vulnerabilities and capacities into account Interventions for improving adaptive capacity in the cont ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
... Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the rest of the world by altering atmospheric and oceanic circulation that affect weather patterns, the increased melting of ice sheets and glaciers that raise global sea level, and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (by altering release an ...
Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis Jane A. Leggett, Coordinator
... This report reviews current actions (as of January 2015) of selected federal departments and agencies to adapt their own missions, infrastructure, operations, and personnel to projected climate change. (It does not address federal programs meant primarily to assist others to adapt, although the boun ...
... This report reviews current actions (as of January 2015) of selected federal departments and agencies to adapt their own missions, infrastructure, operations, and personnel to projected climate change. (It does not address federal programs meant primarily to assist others to adapt, although the boun ...
Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities
... Global Change Research Act of 1990, which requires a report to the President and Congress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts. The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future. The NCA ...
... Global Change Research Act of 1990, which requires a report to the President and Congress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts. The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future. The NCA ...
Experiment Earth?
... effects of geoengineering, they wanted to make sure that effects of research and deployment could be reversed if necessary. They called for research to progress in small stages, to reduce the likelihood of irreversible consequences. They felt that this would make it easier for scientists to ‘switch ...
... effects of geoengineering, they wanted to make sure that effects of research and deployment could be reversed if necessary. They called for research to progress in small stages, to reduce the likelihood of irreversible consequences. They felt that this would make it easier for scientists to ‘switch ...
Global Warming and the Degradation of Canada`s Boreal Forest
... as “carbon-based”. Carbon moves naturally between its four major pools—vegetation, soils, fossil fuels, and the atmosphere—in a process known as the carbon cycle. All organisms, whether living or dead, exchange carbon with their surroundings. Trees, for example, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosp ...
... as “carbon-based”. Carbon moves naturally between its four major pools—vegetation, soils, fossil fuels, and the atmosphere—in a process known as the carbon cycle. All organisms, whether living or dead, exchange carbon with their surroundings. Trees, for example, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosp ...
Special Report on Divestment at the University of
... In recent years, these complex questions have been amplified to an unprecedented scale by the global movement to divest from fossil fuels. Briefly, this movement entails governments, institutions such as universities and colleges, retirement funds, and religious organizations electing to divest from ...
... In recent years, these complex questions have been amplified to an unprecedented scale by the global movement to divest from fossil fuels. Briefly, this movement entails governments, institutions such as universities and colleges, retirement funds, and religious organizations electing to divest from ...
Trends in Intense Precipitation in the Climate Record
... 0.3% of daily precipitation events) have been analyzed for over half of the land area of the globe. These changes have been linked to changes in intense precipitation for three transient climate model simulations, all with greenhouse gas concentrations increasing during the twentieth and twenty-firs ...
... 0.3% of daily precipitation events) have been analyzed for over half of the land area of the globe. These changes have been linked to changes in intense precipitation for three transient climate model simulations, all with greenhouse gas concentrations increasing during the twentieth and twenty-firs ...
National summary - Northern Ireland
... • Updated projections of water availability in the UK. 3 • An aggregate assessment of climate change impacts on the goods and services provided by the UK’s natural assets. 4 • Developing high-end (High++) climate change scenarios. 5 The Evidence Report uses the concept of urgency to summarise the fi ...
... • Updated projections of water availability in the UK. 3 • An aggregate assessment of climate change impacts on the goods and services provided by the UK’s natural assets. 4 • Developing high-end (High++) climate change scenarios. 5 The Evidence Report uses the concept of urgency to summarise the fi ...
Malaria in the African highlands: past, present and future
... Malaria en Afrique (ARMA), unpublished data, 1997). Thus while it may be possible to predict the physical location of epidemic-prone areas, identifying when an epidemic is likely to occur may be more problematic. Global temperature change. More recently there has been growing concern that global war ...
... Malaria en Afrique (ARMA), unpublished data, 1997). Thus while it may be possible to predict the physical location of epidemic-prone areas, identifying when an epidemic is likely to occur may be more problematic. Global temperature change. More recently there has been growing concern that global war ...
The existence value of biodiversity in South Africa: how
... if they were not concerned, they were asked why. If they were at all concerned, respondents were asked a hypothetical question as to their WTP to do something about it, as follows: ‘‘Given this reality, even our best conservation efforts will not adequately preserve South Africa’s natural heritage u ...
... if they were not concerned, they were asked why. If they were at all concerned, respondents were asked a hypothetical question as to their WTP to do something about it, as follows: ‘‘Given this reality, even our best conservation efforts will not adequately preserve South Africa’s natural heritage u ...
BASE Evaluation Criteria for Climate Adaptation (BECCA)
... Germany, the UK, and Finland, in European institutions (e.g. European Environment Agency), as well as in (international) organisations working in the field of climate ...
... Germany, the UK, and Finland, in European institutions (e.g. European Environment Agency), as well as in (international) organisations working in the field of climate ...
On the Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere
... If free tropospheric water vapor increases with temperature, the additional greenhouse effect reduces OLR compared to what it would be with water vapor fixed, whence the water vapor feedback factor β is positive, and climate sensitivity is increased. General circulation model simulations of the chan ...
... If free tropospheric water vapor increases with temperature, the additional greenhouse effect reduces OLR compared to what it would be with water vapor fixed, whence the water vapor feedback factor β is positive, and climate sensitivity is increased. General circulation model simulations of the chan ...
Temporal evolution of the ecological niche of the
... A species’ distribution is influenced by various factors. Anthropogenic barriers, such cities, and natural barriers, such as oceans and mountains, make a species’ distribution discontinuous in space.. Another major factor constraining the large scale geographical distribution of species is the clima ...
... A species’ distribution is influenced by various factors. Anthropogenic barriers, such cities, and natural barriers, such as oceans and mountains, make a species’ distribution discontinuous in space.. Another major factor constraining the large scale geographical distribution of species is the clima ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).