Untitled - The Pew Charitable Trusts
... Comprehensive HIAs include the existing data, key stakeholder input and go one step further than intermediate HIAs by collecting new data in an inclusive manner to fully inform the potential health outcomes of a policy, protocol, or program. During the screening phase it was determined that the RCAP ...
... Comprehensive HIAs include the existing data, key stakeholder input and go one step further than intermediate HIAs by collecting new data in an inclusive manner to fully inform the potential health outcomes of a policy, protocol, or program. During the screening phase it was determined that the RCAP ...
Enabling the Transition report
... prosperity and global emissions reductions. Explore and implement the most efficient policy vehicles (e.g. energy-efficiency standards, feed-in tariffs and tax incentives) as a key government contribution towards accelerated domestic and foreign direct investments in climate innovations. Insti ...
... prosperity and global emissions reductions. Explore and implement the most efficient policy vehicles (e.g. energy-efficiency standards, feed-in tariffs and tax incentives) as a key government contribution towards accelerated domestic and foreign direct investments in climate innovations. Insti ...
Environmental governance and climate change in Africa
... occurring at various levels, and low adaptive capacity … Africa’s major economic sectors are vulnerable to current climate sensitivity, with huge economic impacts, and this vulnerability is exacerbated by existing developmental challenges such as endemic poverty, complex governance and institutional ...
... occurring at various levels, and low adaptive capacity … Africa’s major economic sectors are vulnerable to current climate sensitivity, with huge economic impacts, and this vulnerability is exacerbated by existing developmental challenges such as endemic poverty, complex governance and institutional ...
Glacier changes during the past century in the Gangrigabu
... the northwestern slope of the Gangrigabu mountains have advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area r ...
... the northwestern slope of the Gangrigabu mountains have advanced 1117 and 1762 m, and their areas have increased 0.51 and 0.49 km2, respectively. The general pattern of glacier shrinkage during the last two decades can be attributed to climate warming in the region, while a less obvious total area r ...
FOREWORD Mongolia`s harsh climatic conditions create one of the
... technical and capacity building needs ...
... technical and capacity building needs ...
Working Paper 219 - Kessler (opens in new window)
... models which can be readily used to evaluate the costs and benefits of different climate policies. However, the absence of key factors and crucial feedback loops in these models has been highlighted (Stern, 2013), to the point where they were said to render IAMs “close to useless as tools for policy ...
... models which can be readily used to evaluate the costs and benefits of different climate policies. However, the absence of key factors and crucial feedback loops in these models has been highlighted (Stern, 2013), to the point where they were said to render IAMs “close to useless as tools for policy ...
Printing
... directly, as most physiological and biogeochemical processes are strongly temperature dependent. For most physiological processes, typical Q10 factors, i.e. a measure of how much a rate increases per 10◦ C temperature increase, are in the range between 1.5 and 4 [28–30]. This means that the 2◦ C war ...
... directly, as most physiological and biogeochemical processes are strongly temperature dependent. For most physiological processes, typical Q10 factors, i.e. a measure of how much a rate increases per 10◦ C temperature increase, are in the range between 1.5 and 4 [28–30]. This means that the 2◦ C war ...
Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Revies
... Fiji is on the front lines of climate change. Increased droughts, floods and extreme events such as cyclones affect every sector of Fiji’s economy and impact employment levels, the availability of natural resources and resilience to disasters. As such, Fiji is proactively creating and refining polic ...
... Fiji is on the front lines of climate change. Increased droughts, floods and extreme events such as cyclones affect every sector of Fiji’s economy and impact employment levels, the availability of natural resources and resilience to disasters. As such, Fiji is proactively creating and refining polic ...
Assessing and Enhancing Adaptive Capacity
... in frequency and severity – and to support systems so that they can adapt to the altered levels of hazard – will be critical. Changes in mean climate conditions will likely to be associated with changes in extremes. But adaptation to gradual change will be necessary in some cases, e.g., in certain a ...
... in frequency and severity – and to support systems so that they can adapt to the altered levels of hazard – will be critical. Changes in mean climate conditions will likely to be associated with changes in extremes. But adaptation to gradual change will be necessary in some cases, e.g., in certain a ...
Climate change and habitat heterogeneity drive a population
... across Eurasia (BirdLife International 2012), and its global population is increasing rapidly, although some local populations are declining (Lehikoinen et al. 2009). The population of Buzzards in Eastern Westphalia, Germany, has been studied since 1989 and has quadrupled over the last two decades ( ...
... across Eurasia (BirdLife International 2012), and its global population is increasing rapidly, although some local populations are declining (Lehikoinen et al. 2009). The population of Buzzards in Eastern Westphalia, Germany, has been studied since 1989 and has quadrupled over the last two decades ( ...
Climate change and labour: The need for a “just transition”
... target agreed upon in Kyoto did not generate major changes in any of them. This said, the non-ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the United States was based on concerns about the Protocol’s impacts on the American economy. Those supposed impacts were not countered at that time by any other resear ...
... target agreed upon in Kyoto did not generate major changes in any of them. This said, the non-ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the United States was based on concerns about the Protocol’s impacts on the American economy. Those supposed impacts were not countered at that time by any other resear ...
the publication
... Complex systems usually have non-linear and even chaotic behavior, resulting in the extreme case in no clear cause – effect relation. This is certainly the case if we try to forecast weather several days ahead, predicting the timing and location of pressure systems with their rainy frontal zones or ...
... Complex systems usually have non-linear and even chaotic behavior, resulting in the extreme case in no clear cause – effect relation. This is certainly the case if we try to forecast weather several days ahead, predicting the timing and location of pressure systems with their rainy frontal zones or ...
The Urban Physical Environment: Temperature and Urban Heat
... slow laminar flow horizontal to the Earth’s surface and remains in a shallow layer, 20 to 300 m thick, even as air in the free atmospheric above the boundary layer may be moving at a much higher speed. During the day, the air at the bottom of the boundary layer becomes turbulent because of surface h ...
... slow laminar flow horizontal to the Earth’s surface and remains in a shallow layer, 20 to 300 m thick, even as air in the free atmospheric above the boundary layer may be moving at a much higher speed. During the day, the air at the bottom of the boundary layer becomes turbulent because of surface h ...
Arctic Academy Programme (ARKTIKO) 2014 – 2018 Project
... due to symbiotic domesticity, an intimate human-animal partnership. As a result of natural and folk selection, reindeer and Arctic cattle and horse breeds show metabolic, morphological and reproductive adjustments. Using methods of genetics, ecology and anthropology, we investigate how indigenous an ...
... due to symbiotic domesticity, an intimate human-animal partnership. As a result of natural and folk selection, reindeer and Arctic cattle and horse breeds show metabolic, morphological and reproductive adjustments. Using methods of genetics, ecology and anthropology, we investigate how indigenous an ...
Climate Change and Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - state of knowledge, risks and opportunities
... This paper covers all aquatic genetic resources for aquaculture, culture-based fisheries and capture fisheries, including those for the production of aquatic plants (microalgae, macroalgae and freshwater macrophytes; for human food and for industrial purposes) and fish (finfish and aquatic invertebr ...
... This paper covers all aquatic genetic resources for aquaculture, culture-based fisheries and capture fisheries, including those for the production of aquatic plants (microalgae, macroalgae and freshwater macrophytes; for human food and for industrial purposes) and fish (finfish and aquatic invertebr ...
Climate and Pest-Driven Geographic Shifts in Global Coffee
... Like many other commodity crops, the expansion of coffee has historically led to direct and indirect deforestation with important social and environmental impacts [19–21]. This historical precedent suggests that continued expansion of coffee to meet increasing global demand (following a ~0.1% annual ...
... Like many other commodity crops, the expansion of coffee has historically led to direct and indirect deforestation with important social and environmental impacts [19–21]. This historical precedent suggests that continued expansion of coffee to meet increasing global demand (following a ~0.1% annual ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 394:1
... cooperative international programs aimed at better unpatterns of physical and chemical properties and comderstanding processes including biogeochemical cypared them with local phytoplankton floristic data cling and carbon flux (e.g. World Ocean Circulation Ex(where available) and satellite-derived e ...
... cooperative international programs aimed at better unpatterns of physical and chemical properties and comderstanding processes including biogeochemical cypared them with local phytoplankton floristic data cling and carbon flux (e.g. World Ocean Circulation Ex(where available) and satellite-derived e ...
Livestock and Climate Change in the Near East Region: measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change.
... overall supervision of Dr. Moujahed Achouri, Deputy Regional Representative, OIC, Assistant Director General and Regional Representative for the Near East. FAO is grateful to Dr. Kaisa Karttunen (FAO consultant of the Regional Office for the Near East), Dr. Sandy Williams (Scriptoria, UK), the anony ...
... overall supervision of Dr. Moujahed Achouri, Deputy Regional Representative, OIC, Assistant Director General and Regional Representative for the Near East. FAO is grateful to Dr. Kaisa Karttunen (FAO consultant of the Regional Office for the Near East), Dr. Sandy Williams (Scriptoria, UK), the anony ...
The Rockefeller Foundation Initiative Asian Cities Climate Change
... 1. Overall, the evaluation finds that ACCCRN is a pioneering and highly relevant initiative. It has been “in the right place at the right time”, enabling, supporting and exploring approaches and methodologies to vulnerability assessment and the design of city-level resilience plans. The Foundation ...
... 1. Overall, the evaluation finds that ACCCRN is a pioneering and highly relevant initiative. It has been “in the right place at the right time”, enabling, supporting and exploring approaches and methodologies to vulnerability assessment and the design of city-level resilience plans. The Foundation ...
Climate Change and Restoration of Degraded Land
... people today and the 8.2 billion expected in the year 2020 (Reich et al. 2001). Hence land degradation will remain high on the international agenda in the 21st century. Sustainable land management practices are needed to avoid land degradation. Land degradation typically occurs by land management pr ...
... people today and the 8.2 billion expected in the year 2020 (Reich et al. 2001). Hence land degradation will remain high on the international agenda in the 21st century. Sustainable land management practices are needed to avoid land degradation. Land degradation typically occurs by land management pr ...
Author`s personal copy
... facing governments around the world. Scientific assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that the warming of the global climate system is unequivocal and is mostly caused by the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations due to human activities such as the b ...
... facing governments around the world. Scientific assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that the warming of the global climate system is unequivocal and is mostly caused by the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations due to human activities such as the b ...
Why is socially-just climate change adaptation in sub
... structural, and contingent barriers that may prevent equitable and socially just adaptation and exacerbate vulnerability for some people. For example, strong vested interests can form a barrier to more sustainable forms of adaptation through the exclusion of some individuals and social groups.5,29 T ...
... structural, and contingent barriers that may prevent equitable and socially just adaptation and exacerbate vulnerability for some people. For example, strong vested interests can form a barrier to more sustainable forms of adaptation through the exclusion of some individuals and social groups.5,29 T ...
Glacier shrinkage and climatic change in the Russian Altai from the
... Glacier Inventory (WGI) dating to 1952 and aerial photographs from 1952 were used to estimate the changes. 256 glaciers with a combined area of 253 ± 5.1 km2 have been identified in the region in 2004. Estimation of changes in extent of 126 glaciers with the individual areas not less than 0.5 km2 in ...
... Glacier Inventory (WGI) dating to 1952 and aerial photographs from 1952 were used to estimate the changes. 256 glaciers with a combined area of 253 ± 5.1 km2 have been identified in the region in 2004. Estimation of changes in extent of 126 glaciers with the individual areas not less than 0.5 km2 in ...
SNC Vulnerability and Adaptation Coastal Zones detailed version
... Despite the fact that the Lebanese coastal zone is narrow, agricultural zones are not absent in this area. The largest agricultural areas are located in Akkar, Abou Ali valley in the north, Damour and the southern plain, e.g. in Qasmiyeh and Ras el Ain (CDR, 2005 )(Figure 1-3). Cultivations in the c ...
... Despite the fact that the Lebanese coastal zone is narrow, agricultural zones are not absent in this area. The largest agricultural areas are located in Akkar, Abou Ali valley in the north, Damour and the southern plain, e.g. in Qasmiyeh and Ras el Ain (CDR, 2005 )(Figure 1-3). Cultivations in the c ...
Building resilience to climate change
... that the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans are warming gradually as a result of human activity. This warming will exacerbate climate variability and, ultimately, will adversely impact food and water security around the planet. Central to global warming is the “greenhouse effect” – a process in which gre ...
... that the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans are warming gradually as a result of human activity. This warming will exacerbate climate variability and, ultimately, will adversely impact food and water security around the planet. Central to global warming is the “greenhouse effect” – a process in which gre ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).