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Impacts of deforestation on weather PATTERNs and agriculture
... climate systems that impact agricultural production. Voldoire & Royer (2004) suggest that deforestation could cause more intense climatic extremes, which would result in larger negative impacts to agriculture than those associated with temperature increases due to climate change. For example, their ...
... climate systems that impact agricultural production. Voldoire & Royer (2004) suggest that deforestation could cause more intense climatic extremes, which would result in larger negative impacts to agriculture than those associated with temperature increases due to climate change. For example, their ...
Temporal evolution of the ecological niche of the
... A species’ distribution is influenced by various factors. Anthropogenic barriers, such cities, and natural barriers, such as oceans and mountains, make a species’ distribution discontinuous in space.. Another major factor constraining the large scale geographical distribution of species is the clima ...
... A species’ distribution is influenced by various factors. Anthropogenic barriers, such cities, and natural barriers, such as oceans and mountains, make a species’ distribution discontinuous in space.. Another major factor constraining the large scale geographical distribution of species is the clima ...
a guide to the climate change convention process
... on 30 November 2001, and many are still coming in. In addition, Annex I Parties must submit an annual inventory of their greenhouse gas emissions, including data for their base year (1990 except for some EITs) and up to the last but one year prior to submission. Inventories due in April 2002, for ex ...
... on 30 November 2001, and many are still coming in. In addition, Annex I Parties must submit an annual inventory of their greenhouse gas emissions, including data for their base year (1990 except for some EITs) and up to the last but one year prior to submission. Inventories due in April 2002, for ex ...
Country Newsletter: Rwanda November 2016
... Trócaire works in many developing countries to help those affected by the impacts of climate change providing humanitarian assistance and supporting struggling communities to adapt to their changing environment. In Ireland we are the leading voice for climate justice through our advocacy and researc ...
... Trócaire works in many developing countries to help those affected by the impacts of climate change providing humanitarian assistance and supporting struggling communities to adapt to their changing environment. In Ireland we are the leading voice for climate justice through our advocacy and researc ...
Centennial and Millennial climate- carbon cycle feedback analysis
... The physical climate system and the global carbon cycle, both the terrestrial and the marine component, are interlinked, so that changing one of them affects others. The Earth’s climate is a dynamic complex system and is regulated by continuous inter-connected physical, chemical and biological proce ...
... The physical climate system and the global carbon cycle, both the terrestrial and the marine component, are interlinked, so that changing one of them affects others. The Earth’s climate is a dynamic complex system and is regulated by continuous inter-connected physical, chemical and biological proce ...
Atmospheric CO2 fluctuations during the last millennium
... records could be the result of widespread reforestation of agricultural areas in Europe and Asia, which were abandoned after outbreaks of epidemic diseases. However, although natural or anthropogenic changes in the terrestrial biosphere are likely to have played a role in shortterm carbon cycle dyna ...
... records could be the result of widespread reforestation of agricultural areas in Europe and Asia, which were abandoned after outbreaks of epidemic diseases. However, although natural or anthropogenic changes in the terrestrial biosphere are likely to have played a role in shortterm carbon cycle dyna ...
Climate change adaptation in Norway
... Climate change is already happening: environmental change is being observed on all continents and in all the major oceans. The climatic changes that have been observed over the past 150 years cannot be explained unless anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are taken into account. The combustion of ...
... Climate change is already happening: environmental change is being observed on all continents and in all the major oceans. The climatic changes that have been observed over the past 150 years cannot be explained unless anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are taken into account. The combustion of ...
methods of modelling the future shift of the so called
... All three methods were applied on the REMO ENSEMBLES RT3 climate model (ENSEMBLES, 2012) which contains data of a 25-km horizontal grid cell resolution of Europe (170×190 points). The reference period was 1961-1990 and the forecasted periods were between 2011-2040 and 2041-2070 according to the A1B ...
... All three methods were applied on the REMO ENSEMBLES RT3 climate model (ENSEMBLES, 2012) which contains data of a 25-km horizontal grid cell resolution of Europe (170×190 points). The reference period was 1961-1990 and the forecasted periods were between 2011-2040 and 2041-2070 according to the A1B ...
Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation
... developed countries—from the perspective of terrain, topography, land use, and climate (being in the Asian monsoon region). It important for Japan to prepare for adaptation in ways that apply specifically to its own circumstances. ...
... developed countries—from the perspective of terrain, topography, land use, and climate (being in the Asian monsoon region). It important for Japan to prepare for adaptation in ways that apply specifically to its own circumstances. ...
The Implications of Global Climate Change for Mountain Gorilla
... Because we can neither predict the rate of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, nor all of the responses that will occur in the climate, climate projections will always be uncertain. Species distribution models, which use climate projections to model changes in species’ ranges, are also uncertain ...
... Because we can neither predict the rate of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, nor all of the responses that will occur in the climate, climate projections will always be uncertain. Species distribution models, which use climate projections to model changes in species’ ranges, are also uncertain ...
APPENDIX VII. Thesis and Dissertations authored by GREF Fellows.
... Melissa A. Cregger, PhD 2012: “Microbial community structure and ecosystem function in a changing world.” Advisor – Aimee Classen, University of Tennessee. Molly S. Cross, PhD 2006: “Ecosystem responses to climate warming-induced plant species loss in a sub-alpine meadow in the Colorado Rocky Mount ...
... Melissa A. Cregger, PhD 2012: “Microbial community structure and ecosystem function in a changing world.” Advisor – Aimee Classen, University of Tennessee. Molly S. Cross, PhD 2006: “Ecosystem responses to climate warming-induced plant species loss in a sub-alpine meadow in the Colorado Rocky Mount ...
Montane forest root growth and soil organic layer depth as potential
... 3. Results and Discussion Soil organic layer depth sharply decreased with increased mean annual temperatures between the upland and lowland sites across the Peruvian transect indicating organic layer depth is a strongly temperaturedependent ecosystem property (Figure 1d). This thinning of the organi ...
... 3. Results and Discussion Soil organic layer depth sharply decreased with increased mean annual temperatures between the upland and lowland sites across the Peruvian transect indicating organic layer depth is a strongly temperaturedependent ecosystem property (Figure 1d). This thinning of the organi ...
The terrestrial carbon cycle on the regional and global scale
... The IMAGE-2 terrestrial C-cycle model is described here, with results shown for the different applications under multiple socio-economic and environmental conditions. The position of the IMAGE-2 C-cycle model is also discussed in a broader context by comparing the model’s results with observed trend ...
... The IMAGE-2 terrestrial C-cycle model is described here, with results shown for the different applications under multiple socio-economic and environmental conditions. The position of the IMAGE-2 C-cycle model is also discussed in a broader context by comparing the model’s results with observed trend ...
global forum on food security and nutrition
... systems. In addition, we invite you to identify possible measures to protect and/or improve nutrition and to adapt to climate change, while reducing and removing greenhouse gas emissions thus ensuring long-term food security. We are well aware of the richness of relevant knowledge existing around th ...
... systems. In addition, we invite you to identify possible measures to protect and/or improve nutrition and to adapt to climate change, while reducing and removing greenhouse gas emissions thus ensuring long-term food security. We are well aware of the richness of relevant knowledge existing around th ...
Flowering phenology in a species-rich temperate grassland is
... et al., 2004). Because temperature and [CO2] are linked in nature, it is difficult to disentangle their relative effects on plant phenology, especially as other factors such as rainfall can also affect phenology (Guak et al., 1998; Norby et al., 2003; Penuelas et al., 2004). Therefore, experimental ...
... et al., 2004). Because temperature and [CO2] are linked in nature, it is difficult to disentangle their relative effects on plant phenology, especially as other factors such as rainfall can also affect phenology (Guak et al., 1998; Norby et al., 2003; Penuelas et al., 2004). Therefore, experimental ...
Coastal Zones: Ecosystems under Pressure
... ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) in the Pacific and the North Atlantic Ocean Oscillation. Evidence is accumulating of historical shifts in pattern and intensity of these phenomena that can influence biotic distribution and diversity and impact on coastal processes (IPCC 1996). The “ocean conveyor ...
... ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) in the Pacific and the North Atlantic Ocean Oscillation. Evidence is accumulating of historical shifts in pattern and intensity of these phenomena that can influence biotic distribution and diversity and impact on coastal processes (IPCC 1996). The “ocean conveyor ...
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... financing modalities; and (iii) inclusion of activities that are not currently part of existing microcredit portfolios – all with a view to facilitating adaptation to the impacts of long term climate change. With regard to existing projects, it is important to bear in mind that microfinanced project ...
... financing modalities; and (iii) inclusion of activities that are not currently part of existing microcredit portfolios – all with a view to facilitating adaptation to the impacts of long term climate change. With regard to existing projects, it is important to bear in mind that microfinanced project ...
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... The Scheldt and the Meuse are the two main rivers of Belgium affecting many human activities in the country. Their discharge depends exclusively on precipitation, which today is rather evenly distributed and supplies them with water thoughout the year. Changes in meterological variables playing a ma ...
... The Scheldt and the Meuse are the two main rivers of Belgium affecting many human activities in the country. Their discharge depends exclusively on precipitation, which today is rather evenly distributed and supplies them with water thoughout the year. Changes in meterological variables playing a ma ...
Climate change and
... to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.” (McCarthy et al., 2001: p. 995). These elements are described in Error! Reference source not found., which clarifies the important distinction between impacts and vulnerabilities. The vulnerability of an individual, community ...
... to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.” (McCarthy et al., 2001: p. 995). These elements are described in Error! Reference source not found., which clarifies the important distinction between impacts and vulnerabilities. The vulnerability of an individual, community ...
download: - IMPRESSIONS project
... IMPRESSIONS, for the RCP x SSP scenarios. An evaluation against other existing global scenarios was undertaken in order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the RCP x SSP scenarios. Besides the RCP x SSP scenarios, the global scenarios included were: • IPCC Special Report on Emission ...
... IMPRESSIONS, for the RCP x SSP scenarios. An evaluation against other existing global scenarios was undertaken in order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the RCP x SSP scenarios. Besides the RCP x SSP scenarios, the global scenarios included were: • IPCC Special Report on Emission ...
Enabling the Transition report
... prosperity and global emissions reductions. Explore and implement the most efficient policy vehicles (e.g. energy-efficiency standards, feed-in tariffs and tax incentives) as a key government contribution towards accelerated domestic and foreign direct investments in climate innovations. Insti ...
... prosperity and global emissions reductions. Explore and implement the most efficient policy vehicles (e.g. energy-efficiency standards, feed-in tariffs and tax incentives) as a key government contribution towards accelerated domestic and foreign direct investments in climate innovations. Insti ...
Links between early Holocene ice-sheet decay
... Future progress in understanding ice-sheet–sea-level interactions will hinge strongly on our ability to attribute past episodes of sea-level rise to spatially constrained meltwater sources. Gravitationally driven distortions of the geoid, due to the growth and decay of ice masses38,39, are a key ele ...
... Future progress in understanding ice-sheet–sea-level interactions will hinge strongly on our ability to attribute past episodes of sea-level rise to spatially constrained meltwater sources. Gravitationally driven distortions of the geoid, due to the growth and decay of ice masses38,39, are a key ele ...
Untitled - The Pew Charitable Trusts
... Comprehensive HIAs include the existing data, key stakeholder input and go one step further than intermediate HIAs by collecting new data in an inclusive manner to fully inform the potential health outcomes of a policy, protocol, or program. During the screening phase it was determined that the RCAP ...
... Comprehensive HIAs include the existing data, key stakeholder input and go one step further than intermediate HIAs by collecting new data in an inclusive manner to fully inform the potential health outcomes of a policy, protocol, or program. During the screening phase it was determined that the RCAP ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).