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Climate Time Series Analysis
... The URL for this book is http://www.manfredmudelsee.com/book. It has the links to the sites of the software (including own products) and the data. It has also, inevitably, an errata section. As the person responsible for the content, I offer my apologies in advance of the discovered errors, and I th ...
... The URL for this book is http://www.manfredmudelsee.com/book. It has the links to the sites of the software (including own products) and the data. It has also, inevitably, an errata section. As the person responsible for the content, I offer my apologies in advance of the discovered errors, and I th ...
Estimation of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot
... We assume that the fossil fuel soot aerosols are hydrophobic, therefore no growth with increasing relative humidity is taken into account. In lack of emission data for soot and a model describing the transformation, transport, and deposition of soot, we use a linear relationship between concentratio ...
... We assume that the fossil fuel soot aerosols are hydrophobic, therefore no growth with increasing relative humidity is taken into account. In lack of emission data for soot and a model describing the transformation, transport, and deposition of soot, we use a linear relationship between concentratio ...
REPORT CARD Sea-Level Rise 2012
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
... that is sufficiently deep to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography. An ice sheet flows outward from a high central ice plateau. Today there are only two polar ice sheets, in Greenland and Antarctica, which together contain more than 60 m of sea level equivalent. During glacial periods ther ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change
... intense interaction with the Environment Department’s management, particularly Warren Evans and Michele de Nevers, who are an integral part of the EACC team. The team is also immensely grateful to Ravi Kanbur, Sam Fankhauser, and Joel Smith for serving on the advisory committee, providing overall gu ...
... intense interaction with the Environment Department’s management, particularly Warren Evans and Michele de Nevers, who are an integral part of the EACC team. The team is also immensely grateful to Ravi Kanbur, Sam Fankhauser, and Joel Smith for serving on the advisory committee, providing overall gu ...
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in
... Climate change is a global concern. Global temperature is rising and it is projected that the global mean temperature will rise between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the year 2100 [1,2]. The rising temperature affects all major components of hydrological systems: it induces change in precipitation pattern, enha ...
... Climate change is a global concern. Global temperature is rising and it is projected that the global mean temperature will rise between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the year 2100 [1,2]. The rising temperature affects all major components of hydrological systems: it induces change in precipitation pattern, enha ...
Mammalian responses to climate change at the Paleocene
... anomaly 24R (Fig. 2). The average long-term sediment accumulation rate through this interval is ∼467 m/m.y. Spline and linear interpolations yield ages for the Clarkforkian-Wasatchian boundary of 55.00 and 54.97 Ma respectively (base of Wa-0?), or 54.99 and 54.96 Ma respectively (base of Wa-0), and ...
... anomaly 24R (Fig. 2). The average long-term sediment accumulation rate through this interval is ∼467 m/m.y. Spline and linear interpolations yield ages for the Clarkforkian-Wasatchian boundary of 55.00 and 54.97 Ma respectively (base of Wa-0?), or 54.99 and 54.96 Ma respectively (base of Wa-0), and ...
Document
... total available DOC store, the water flux in the pathway and a rate constant. The DOC concentrations in each pathway, therefore, vary predominantly with the available DOC; the DOC concentration at the catchment outlet varies not only with the available DOC but also with the mix of waters from differ ...
... total available DOC store, the water flux in the pathway and a rate constant. The DOC concentrations in each pathway, therefore, vary predominantly with the available DOC; the DOC concentration at the catchment outlet varies not only with the available DOC but also with the mix of waters from differ ...
2015 (May - June) - The Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology
... encyclical, and from the U.N.’s Ban Ki-moon. Beyond the expected shout-outs to the upcoming climate talks in Paris later this year and to the need for a strong Green Climate Fund, which will assist developing countries in climate adaptation, the U.N.’s Ban noted in no uncertain terms how “morally in ...
... encyclical, and from the U.N.’s Ban Ki-moon. Beyond the expected shout-outs to the upcoming climate talks in Paris later this year and to the need for a strong Green Climate Fund, which will assist developing countries in climate adaptation, the U.N.’s Ban noted in no uncertain terms how “morally in ...
Arctic Ecozone + highlights and key findings
... River flow monitoring is sparse in the Arctic Ecozone+ and status and trends are not known for most of the smaller rivers. Trends for large Canadian rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas and straits are better known, but observed changes are driven mainly by conditions in southe ...
... River flow monitoring is sparse in the Arctic Ecozone+ and status and trends are not known for most of the smaller rivers. Trends for large Canadian rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas and straits are better known, but observed changes are driven mainly by conditions in southe ...
PDF free file avaible - Bioversity International
... to new conditions—a complex topic that needs further research (14) and depends not only on genetic factors but also on ecological processes (20). For example, historical evidence of plant responses to climate change under natural conditions show that environmental tolerances evolve very slowly (nich ...
... to new conditions—a complex topic that needs further research (14) and depends not only on genetic factors but also on ecological processes (20). For example, historical evidence of plant responses to climate change under natural conditions show that environmental tolerances evolve very slowly (nich ...
Pastoralism and climate change in East Africa
... For decades pastoralists have been side-lined in decision-making processes in East Africa. The result is chronic under-investment in pastoralist communities across the region, and the consequent increase in vulnerability. Pastoralist communities are marginalised on the basis of their geographical re ...
... For decades pastoralists have been side-lined in decision-making processes in East Africa. The result is chronic under-investment in pastoralist communities across the region, and the consequent increase in vulnerability. Pastoralist communities are marginalised on the basis of their geographical re ...
Climate Change of the Arctic and Antarctica.
... decreased by as much as 18 percent in certain areas over nearly two decades, providing new insights on how the Antarctic ice sheet is responding to climate change. ...
... decreased by as much as 18 percent in certain areas over nearly two decades, providing new insights on how the Antarctic ice sheet is responding to climate change. ...
climate change: a deadly threat to coral reefs
... Rapidly warming oceans, driven by climate change from the burning of coal, oil and gas has led to the world’s longest ever global bleaching event, beginning in 2014 and ongoing in 2017, with repeated bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef and other reefs worldwide offering no reprieve. In March 2017, t ...
... Rapidly warming oceans, driven by climate change from the burning of coal, oil and gas has led to the world’s longest ever global bleaching event, beginning in 2014 and ongoing in 2017, with repeated bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef and other reefs worldwide offering no reprieve. In March 2017, t ...
Snow in Britain: the historical picture and future projections
... complicated by coincident changes in precipitation, to the extent that impacts may be masked until thresholds are crossed (Stewart 2009). The effects are thus likely to vary by location, depending on altitude (Skaugen et al. 2012, Trivedi et al. 2007, Harrison et al. 2001) and atmospheric circulatio ...
... complicated by coincident changes in precipitation, to the extent that impacts may be masked until thresholds are crossed (Stewart 2009). The effects are thus likely to vary by location, depending on altitude (Skaugen et al. 2012, Trivedi et al. 2007, Harrison et al. 2001) and atmospheric circulatio ...
Low Carbon Development Strategies
... Significant attempts to structure and define NAMAs according to different criteria and principles have been made by a sizeable number of stakeholders in the UNFCCC negotiation process. The negotiations, however, are still proceeding to produce a final definition and modus operandi for NAMAs. Current ...
... Significant attempts to structure and define NAMAs according to different criteria and principles have been made by a sizeable number of stakeholders in the UNFCCC negotiation process. The negotiations, however, are still proceeding to produce a final definition and modus operandi for NAMAs. Current ...
Forests and Climate Change in Latin America: Linking Adaptation
... Received: 16 February 2011; in revised form: 1 March 2011 / Accepted: 7 March 2011 / Published: 18 March 2011 ...
... Received: 16 February 2011; in revised form: 1 March 2011 / Accepted: 7 March 2011 / Published: 18 March 2011 ...
key parameters for trend detection
... Evapotranspiration (PET) using various formulae (e.g. Penman, Thornthwaite). Over the ocean it determines the latent heat flux, a major term in the energy exchange between the atmosphere and ocean. It is also an important measure (with temperature) of human comfort, for which many different national ...
... Evapotranspiration (PET) using various formulae (e.g. Penman, Thornthwaite). Over the ocean it determines the latent heat flux, a major term in the energy exchange between the atmosphere and ocean. It is also an important measure (with temperature) of human comfort, for which many different national ...
Transformational adaptation
... change and whether it is radical, incremental or transformational depends upon where you are in the system. • It is likely to be painful, scary, exhausting and engage strong emotions requiring us to develop our own personal praxis. Opportunities for intermediation and shared learning also need to b ...
... change and whether it is radical, incremental or transformational depends upon where you are in the system. • It is likely to be painful, scary, exhausting and engage strong emotions requiring us to develop our own personal praxis. Opportunities for intermediation and shared learning also need to b ...
View online () - National Intelligence University
... such conflict might be prevented or mitigated and what role the international community can play in doing so. The author’s principal hypothesis at the outset is that climate change will increase the risk of violent intrastate conflicts, and that such conflicts will be a particular problem for fragil ...
... such conflict might be prevented or mitigated and what role the international community can play in doing so. The author’s principal hypothesis at the outset is that climate change will increase the risk of violent intrastate conflicts, and that such conflicts will be a particular problem for fragil ...
Phenological shifts and the fate of mutualisms
... transportation mutualisms, three protection, one nutrition, and two included conceptual or population dynamical models applicable to mutualisms more broadly. By far the most commonly studied transportation mutualism in these contexts was pollination, comprising 17 (77%) of the 22 studies. The remain ...
... transportation mutualisms, three protection, one nutrition, and two included conceptual or population dynamical models applicable to mutualisms more broadly. By far the most commonly studied transportation mutualism in these contexts was pollination, comprising 17 (77%) of the 22 studies. The remain ...
Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate
... all cities considered here is estimated to be US$3,000 billion; corresponding to around 5% of global GDP in 2005 (both measured in international USD). By the 2070s, total population exposed could grow more than threefold to around 150 million people due to the combined effects of climate change (sea ...
... all cities considered here is estimated to be US$3,000 billion; corresponding to around 5% of global GDP in 2005 (both measured in international USD). By the 2070s, total population exposed could grow more than threefold to around 150 million people due to the combined effects of climate change (sea ...
Inferred gas hydrate and permafrost stability history models linked to
... this could be, in part, due to the preferential subsurface sampling at locations favourable for conventional petroleum accumulations, it remains consistent with the apparent thermogenic petroleum system origin of BMB GH methane (Lorenson et al., 2005). In northern Alaska, where rich GHs occur partly ...
... this could be, in part, due to the preferential subsurface sampling at locations favourable for conventional petroleum accumulations, it remains consistent with the apparent thermogenic petroleum system origin of BMB GH methane (Lorenson et al., 2005). In northern Alaska, where rich GHs occur partly ...
Urban Forest Climate Adaptation Framework for Metro Vancouver
... regulations to protect and enhance Metro Vancouver’s urban forest. Most member municipalities have adopted bylaws to protect trees on private land and regulate tree removal. Of Metro Vancouver’s 21 member municipalities, one Electoral Area and one Treaty First Nation, nine have a city‐wide urban ...
... regulations to protect and enhance Metro Vancouver’s urban forest. Most member municipalities have adopted bylaws to protect trees on private land and regulate tree removal. Of Metro Vancouver’s 21 member municipalities, one Electoral Area and one Treaty First Nation, nine have a city‐wide urban ...
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).